This master thesis consider the proposal for quality improvement of an industrial process. There are recomended proposals and methods for improvement of current situation of processing on the production of provided information here.

Weld quality is essential when manufacturing fatigue-loaded structures. Defective welds are problematic, causing increased lead times, repairs and breakdowns. Over- processing as a result of unnecessary safety margins and poor quality is another issue, leading to a more expensive process and heavier products. Knowledge about what variation in weld quality can be expected in the process enables more efficient problem solving and use of resources. Reduced variation equals increased quality. Consequently, reduced variation is both a manufacturer and customer gain. This thesis studies in what way variation in welding production can be mapped and presented, to guide towards the right improvement actions. A literature study addresses welding, weld quality, measurement methods and variation. Two empirical studies using laser scanning equipment along with staff interviews will then be conducted to develop the method to capture variation in welding. In the journey towards machine learning and elimination of operator decisions, knowledge and understanding of variation in the process is necessary. Concrete results of the empirical studies gave new and valuable information to the company. Further, the method to map, analyse and display variation was believed to be useful in several ways, both at the case company but also at other plants. The results show that knowledge about variation could have a large financial effect. By identifying the areas of over-processing and deficient quality, the process can be optimized to increase productivity. While technical issues such as equipment to collect data can be barriers, soft issues like competence, a common understanding, and visualisation of variation seem just as essential.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med examensarbetet är - att genom att kartlägga nuvarande process och identifiera slöserier i den - undersöka om företag inom HMLV-miljöer kan bli mer effektiva genom att använda sig av verktyg och principer inom lean produktion. Utifrån syftet formulerades och besvarades följande två frågeställningar: 1)      Har Lean betydande inverkan även vid produktion av lägre volymer? 2)      Hur kan företag inom HMLV - produktion som tillverkar mot order bli mer effektiva och öka kvaliteten med implementering av Lean? Metod och genomförande: En fallstudie har utförts på ett litet HMLV-företag som tillverkar produkter mot kundorder. Kvalitativ som kvantitativ data har främst inhämtats genom observationer, mätningar, semistrukturerade och ostrukturerade intervjuer samt genom analysering av företagsdokument i form av ordrar och beställningshistorik. För att knyta an fallstudien till teorin har en litteraturstudie genomförts i vilken information har inhämtats från såväl böcker som vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Fallstudien visar efter en kartläggning av processflödet av en artikel att företaget på vilket studien utfördes idag inte jobbar med Lean i någon större utsträckning. Kartläggningen visar att det förekommer flertalet slöserier i form av väntan mellan processer, onödiga rörelser mellan stationer samt att artikeln rör sig ojämnt genom de olika processerna i flödet varför det varit en komplex uppgift att kartlägga densamma. Slutsatser: De slutsatser som kan dras från fallstudien i relation till den teoretiska referensramen är att företag inom HMLV-produktion kan använda sig av vissa leanverktyg för att bli mer effektiva medan andra verktyg är sämre lämpade i den nämnda miljön. Vidare kan några av de 14 principerna anammas för att företaget både ska bli mer effektiva men även för att öka kvaliteten på sina produkter. Nyckelord: Lean, logistic, high-mix-low-volume (HMLV), production improvement.

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Abstract The importance of good construction planning affects the final costs of the production and the timing of the project. Planning for building projects has been studied with the aim of identifying how three week planning appears in the construction industry today. A case study has been conducted in Navisworks Simulate to assess whether the software is suitable to connect the task schedule with the BIM model to create a 4D model. 4D models are used for performing 4D construction simulation to visualize the project. In order to use the benefits of the model, investment in equipment and software is required. This means higher costs for the companies. Therefore inexpensive software is needed so that it will be profitable to use 4D models even in the production of small projects. The survey which aims to identify planning in the construction industry shows that planning varies between the different sectors, but also that planning technique depends on the knowledge of those who actually carry out the planning. The conclusion is that education in planning techniques and computer aided planning tools is needed to implement BIM in the planning process. With a detailed schedule and a BIM model which is adjusted to the construction of the building, Navisworks Simulate is a suitable program to use in the creation of Building Information Models. When using Navisworks Simulate to create a 4D model, the natural choice would be Navisworks Freedom software for visualization of the project in the production. This is because the Navisworks creates its own file format, which can only be opened in software created by Autodesk. This study was aimed to improve three week planning and increase the use of assimilating feedback by using BIM in the construction industry. The conclusion is that the choice of software for the creation of a 4D model affects the application that later can be used for visualization. / Sammanfattning Vikten av god produktionsplanering ligger till grund för dels den ekonomiska produktionskostnaden, dels tidsaspekten i projektet. Som bakgrund till rapporten har planering i byggproduktionen studerats med syftet att kartlägga hur treveckorsplaneringen ser ut inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen i dagsläget. En fallstudie har genomförts i Navisworks Simulate för att undersöka om programvaran lämpar sig att sammankoppla treveckorsplanering med BIM-modell för att skapa en 4D-modell. 4D-modellen används för att på ett tydligt vis visualisera arbetet i projektet. För att utnyttja modellen krävs investeringar i utrustning och programvaror vilket innebär dyra kostnader för företagen. För visualisering av projektet eftersträvas därför en programvara till låg kostnad så att det ska bli lönsamt att använda 4D-modellen i produktionen även på mindre projekt. Den utredning som genomförts med syftet att kartlägga planeringsarbetet inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen visar att planeringsarbetet varierar dels mellan bygg- och anläggningsprojekt men även att planeringsteknik beror på kunskapssnivå hos den som ska genomföra planeringsarbetet. Slutsatsen är att utbildning i planeringsteknik och datorstödda planeringsverktyg behövs för att kunna implementera BIM i planeringsarbetet. Med en detaljerad tidsplanering och produktionsanpassad projektering är Navisworks Simulate ett utmärkt program att använda vid skapandet av BIM-modeller. Vid användandet av Navisworks Simulate för skapande av 4D-modellen är Navisworks Freedom det naturliga valet av program för visualisering ute på arbetsplatsen i produktionen. Detta beror på att Navisworks skapar sitt eget filformat, vilket endast går att öppna i programvaror från Autodesk. Slutsatsen blir att valet av programvara för skapandet av en 4D-modell påverkar vilka program som senare kan användas för visualisering. Examensrapporten syftar till att förbättra treveckorsplaneringen, samt att öka utnyttjandet av erfarenhetsåterföringen inom produktionen genom användande av CAD-samordning och BIM.

La agricultura es una de las principales actividades económicas del país, fomenta el intercambio comercial y abastecimiento de los mercados locales. La evolución y tecnificación de la misma ha permitido el crecimiento económico del país y aumentar el PBI mediante el flujo de las exportaciones. Es por ello, que la agricultura ha ido evolucionando, tanto en maquinarias como en tecnología para poder producir a mayor escala y menor costo. Sin embargo, el agricultor no solo se enfrenta al cambio tecnológico sino también a tener un mayor control de su cosecha que genere un mayor rendimiento y que evite pérdidas por plagas y/o cambios climatológicos. Ante esa necesidad nace VANTARIC, un servicio especializado de monitoreo, riego y control de plagas a través del uso de la tecnología VANT y multiespectrales, permite que el agricultor reciba información respecto de la salud de su cultivo y tome acciones correctivas para tener una cosecha óptima reduciendo el costo de uso de agua, uso eficiente de plaguicidas y/o pesticidas. Si bien es cierto, en nuestro país, hay soluciones basadas en la venta de equipos con esa tecnología, nuestra propuesta pretende abarcar un servicio más completo a través de asesoramiento e identificación de soluciones para el agricultor, permitiendo tener en nuestras manos la salud de sus terrenos sin que ellos tengan que realizar grandes inversiones en activos fijos. / Agriculture is one of the main economic activities in the country, encourages the commercial exchange and supply of local markets. Agriculture’s evolution and technological enhancement has contributed in a positive way to the economic growth of the country further the GDP´s improvement through the international trade. Thus, agriculture has evolved, both in equipment and in technology to be able to produce on a larger scale and lower cost. However, the farmers not only challenge the technological change but also to have a greater control of his harvest that generates a greater yield and that avoids losses by plagues and / or climatological changes. Vantagric is born to fulfill this necessity, offering a specialized service of monitoring, irrigation and pest control using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) technology and multispectral cameras, allowing the farmer to receive information regarding the health of their crop and take corrective actions to have an optimal harvest; reducing the cost of water use, and efficient use of pesticides. In our country, there are currently solutions based on similar technology, but their core business is the sale of equipment. Our proposal aims to cover a more complete service through advice and identification of solutions for the farmer, allowing us to have in our hands the health of their land avoiding, in this way, them to make large investments in fixed assets and to be more focused in their lands. / Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2227.pdf: 8104905 bytes, checksum: 007b8367355d1612e8ec1c006c64045c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-19 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The capacity to improve the processes has been considered as an important factor for the companies competitiveness. However, the improvement activities don't happen spontaneously, people involved must have knowledge and abilities, besides domain on techniques and methods to achieve the improvement. Therefore, the company needs to invest in training, to make possible that the people involved in improvement projects dedicate time, and to support with financial and organizational resources. This investment will be applied to accomplish improvement projects, but, however, how to verify if the efforts are being used in an effective way? For that, it is necessary to measure the efforts allocated for the accomplishment of the activities and to compare with the obtained results. The importance of this study is its contribution for the evaluation of improvement projects. Besides, the theme has relevance, considering the shortage of works that analyze the factors involved for the accomplishment of improvement actions, quantify them and compare with the obtained results. The bases for that investigation are the descriptions found in the literature, they present the efforts involved for the improvement accomplishment and the possible results. For the investigation, some approaches were analyzed, like Total Quality Management, Kaizen and Six Sigma, identifying the efforts that each one judges necessary for the improvement and to achieve results. All these information helped to create a structured tool to measure and to characterize the improvement projects. To use the tool are necessary some procedures, of rising and analysis data related to the projects efforts and results. This work was developed using multiple cases study, were investigated four companies, which have improvement culture disseminated, guaranteed by the use of programs like Lean Production and Six Sigma, allowing an analysis of different improvement project types. It was verified that utilizing the tool developed in this research was possible to evaluate the improvement projects, verifying the relation between efforts and results. / A capacidade de melhorar os processos tem sido considerada como fator imprescindível para a competitividade das empresas. Contudo, as atividades de melhoria não ocorrem espontaneamente, é necessário que as pessoas envolvidas estejam capacitadas, possuam conhecimentos e habilidades, além de domínio sobre técnicas e métodos. Dessa maneira, a empresa precisa investir em capacitação, treinamento, possibilitar que as pessoas envolvidas dediquem tempo para as ações de melhoria e apoiar com recursos financeiros e organizacionais. Esse investimento será direcionado para realizar projetos de melhoria, mas, no entanto, como verificar se os esforços estão sendo utilizados de maneira eficaz? Para isso, é necessário mensurar os esforços alocados para a realização das atividades e comparar com os resultados obtidos. A importância deste estudo é dada por sua contribuição para a avaliação de projetos de melhoria. Além disso, o tema pesquisado tem relevância, considerando a escassez de trabalhos que analisam os fatores envolvidos para a realização de ações de melhoria, os quantificam e comparam com os resultados obtidos. Tem-se como base para essa investigação as descrições encontradas na literatura, que apresentam os esforços envolvidos para a realização da melhoria e os possíveis resultados. Para essa investigação foram analisadas abordagens como Gestão da Qualidade Total, Kaizen e Seis Sigma, identificando os esforços que cada uma julga necessário para realização da melhoria e os resultados esperados com as mesmas. Com base nessas informações foi criada uma ferramenta estruturada para auxiliar na mensuração e caracterização dos projetos de melhoria. Para a utilização da ferramenta são necessários procedimentos de coleta e análise de dados referentes aos esforços utilizados e aos resultados obtidos. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com estudo de múltiplos casos em quatro empresas de grande porte e que possuem a cultura da melhoria disseminada na organização, isso é assegurado pela adoçao de programas como Produção Enxuta e Seis Sigma. Foram analisados diferentes tipos de projetos de melhoria em cada empresa. Constatou-se que foi possível avaliar os projetos de melhoria utilizando a ferramenta desenvolvida no trabalho, verificando a relação entre esforços e resultados de cada projeto.