This study uses a translog cost function to specify the production structures of the softwood lumber industry in three U.S. regions (the West Coast, the Inland, and the South), and four Canadian regions (Ontario, the British Columbia Coast, the British Columbia Interior and Quebec), from 1988 to 2005. First, two separate production models are specified and analyzed, one is a “U.S. model” for the U.S. regions, and the other is a “Canada model” for the Canadian regions. Second, all seven regions are included in one production model, a “U.S.-Canada model”. In the U.S.-Canada model, purchasing power parity over the Gross Domestic Product is used to convert cost and price data of Canada from Canadian into U.S. dollars. The Allen and Morishima elasticities of substitution, price elasticiteis of demand, rate of technical change, and total factor productivity growth are estimated in each model, and the results are presented and compared.

This study uses a translog cost function to specify the production structures of the softwood lumber industry in three U.S. regions (the West Coast, the Inland, and the South), and four Canadian regions (Ontario, the British Columbia Coast, the British Columbia Interior and Quebec), from 1988 to 2005. First, two separate production models are specified and analyzed, one is a “U.S. model” for the U.S. regions, and the other is a “Canada model” for the Canadian regions. Second, all seven regions are included in one production model, a “U.S.-Canada model”. In the U.S.-Canada model, purchasing power parity over the Gross Domestic Product is used to convert cost and price data of Canada from Canadian into U.S. dollars. The Allen and Morishima elasticities of substitution, price elasticiteis of demand, rate of technical change, and total factor productivity growth are estimated in each model, and the results are presented and compared.

No description available.

Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet, 2005. / Härtill 3 uppsatser + 2 appendix.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:51:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 morceiro_pc_me_arafcl.pdf: 1373503 bytes, checksum: 602d378e5b71ab9e8a041d9e6f365be4 (MD5) / A indústria de transformação possui elevado potencial para alavancar o desenvolvimento econômico e social de uma nação, especialmente, de países em estágios intermediários de desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Desde meados dos anos 2000, está em curso, no Brasil, um processo não desprezível de desindustrialização precoce, que se tornou ainda mais grave no triênio de 2009-2011. A desindustrialização brasileira ocorre pelo encolhimento do valor adicionado manufatureiro no PIB, em valores corrente e constante, como também pela deterioração da posição da indústria de transformação doméstica no comércio exterior. No entanto, o processo recente de desindustrialização do Brasil apresenta algumas especificidades, como a geração de um volume expressivo de empregos e melhora nos indicadores sociais, o que, à primeira vista, parece contraditório ao diagnóstico de desindustrialização / The manufacturing industry has a high potential to leverage both the economic and social development of a nation, especially in countries at intermediate stages of development such as Brazil. Since the mid-2000s, a premature deindustrialization process, which is not to be neglected, has been underway in Brazil. It became even worse during the 2009-2011 triennium. The Brazilian deindustrialization occurs by the shrinkage of manufacturing value added in GDP, in current and constant values, as well as the deteriorating position of the domestic manufacturing sector in foreign trade. However, the recent process of deindustrialization of Brazil has its peculiarities, such as the generation of a significant amount of jobs and improvement in social indicators, which, at first glance, may seem contradictory to the diagnosis of deindustrialization

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of petroleum’s royalties on the productive structure of Brazilian states and their effects on regional inequality. For this purpose, the Interregional Input-Output Matrix of Brazil was used, base year 2008, made up of the 27 Brazilian states and 26 sectors of economic activity. The simulation strategy was based on Law 12,858 / 2013 on oil royalties, where 75% of these resources should be earmarked for education and 25% for health, considering the average value of the period from 2013 to 2016. To measure the effect of royalties on regional inequality, the ex-ante and ex-post Gini index was calculated on the impact analysis, considering the state GDP distribution. The main results indicate an impact in the Northeast of 0.10% in employment and 0.13% in GDP. In the Southeast region, the main recipient of royalties, the impact could reach 0.23% in employment and 0.19% in GDP. In the sectoral issue, because of the linearity of the model, the education and health sectors had a greater impact on GDP and employment. Finally, the result of the Gini index indicates that if, in fact, oil royalties were earmarked for education and health, this could contribute to an increase in interstate disparities, but because it had a marginal value (0.02 %) would not have this effect. However, it should be noted that the southeastern and northeastern regions, due to the greater collection of oil resources, could contribute to the reduction of intra-regional inequality. / O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os impactos dos royalties do petróleo na estrutura produtiva dos estados brasileiros e seus efeitos sobre a desigualdade regional. Para tanto, foi utilizada a Matriz de Insumo-Produto Inter-regional do Brasil, ano base 2008, constituído pelos 27 estados brasileiros e 26 setores de atividade econômica. A estratégia de simulação baseou-se na Lei 12.858/2013 dos royalties do petróleo, em que 75% destes recursos deveriam ser destinados à educação e 25% à saúde, considerando o valor médio do período de 2013 a 2016. Para medir o efeito dos royalties sobre a desigualdade regional, calculou-se o índice de Gini ex-ante e ex-post à análise de impacto, considerando a distribuição do PIB dos estados. Os principais resultados indicam um impacto no Nordeste de 0,10% no emprego e 0,13% no PIB. Na região Sudeste, principal receptora de royalties, o impacto poderia alcançar 0,23% no emprego e 0,19% no PIB. Na questão setorial, por causa da linearidade do modelo, os setores de educação e saúde apresentaram um maior impacto sobre o PIB e emprego. Por fim, o resultado do índice de Gini indica que se, de fato, os royalties do petróleo fossem destinados para educação e saúde, isto poderia contribuir com o aumento das disparidades interestaduais, mas, pelo fato de apresentar um valor marginal (0,02%) não apresentaria esse efeito. Porém, vale ressaltar, que as regiões sudeste e nordeste, por apresentarem maior arrecadação do recurso petrolífero, poderia contribuir com a redução da desigualdade intra regional. / São Cristóvão, SE

This thesis deals with problems of cost and profitability of farms producing the selected crop and livestock commodities. For the structure of the work is divided into 3 parts - theoretical part and practical part of the methodology. The theoretical part is devoted to the use of cost and production functions and the degree of cost-effectiveness. Complementing the analysis of systems of indicators, which is defined logarithmic metoda.V practical part of the theoretical findings are applied to a set of 76 farms, which are divided according to production areas in the period 2006 - 2010.

Orientador: Rogério Gomes / Orientador: Cláudia Heller / Banca: Fernando Sarti / Banca: Marcelo Silva Pinho / Resumo: A indústria de transformação possui elevado potencial para alavancar o desenvolvimento econômico e social de uma nação, especialmente, de países em estágios intermediários de desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Desde meados dos anos 2000, está em curso, no Brasil, um processo não desprezível de desindustrialização precoce, que se tornou ainda mais grave no triênio de 2009-2011. A desindustrialização brasileira ocorre pelo encolhimento do valor adicionado manufatureiro no PIB, em valores corrente e constante, como também pela deterioração da posição da indústria de transformação doméstica no comércio exterior. No entanto, o processo recente de desindustrialização do Brasil apresenta algumas especificidades, como a geração de um volume expressivo de empregos e melhora nos indicadores sociais, o que, à primeira vista, parece contraditório ao diagnóstico de desindustrialização / Abstract: The manufacturing industry has a high potential to leverage both the economic and social development of a nation, especially in countries at intermediate stages of development such as Brazil. Since the mid-2000s, a premature deindustrialization process, which is not to be neglected, has been underway in Brazil. It became even worse during the 2009-2011 triennium. The Brazilian deindustrialization occurs by the shrinkage of manufacturing value added in GDP, in current and constant values, as well as the deteriorating position of the domestic manufacturing sector in foreign trade. However, the recent process of deindustrialization of Brazil has its peculiarities, such as the generation of a significant amount of jobs and improvement in social indicators, which, at first glance, may seem contradictory to the diagnosis of deindustrialization / Mestre

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-20T14:47:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 amirborgesferreiraneto.pdf: 1440796 bytes, checksum: d1063738233f05deb58bbed84b623a4a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T11:23:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amirborgesferreiraneto.pdf: 1440796 bytes, checksum: d1063738233f05deb58bbed84b623a4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T11:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amirborgesferreiraneto.pdf: 1440796 bytes, checksum: d1063738233f05deb58bbed84b623a4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-05 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Insumos energéticos são essenciais e possuem poucos substitutos. O consumo energético, além de estar associado ao bem-estar das famílias, é indispensável em qualquer processo produtivo. O crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico dos países não membros da OCDE vêm acarretando em modificações na estrutura de demanda das famílias e na estrutura produtiva dos países por meio do progresso técnico, o que modifica a demanda pelos diferentes insumos energéticos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar como a mudança nestes elementos associados à demanda, i.e. demanda das famílias e estrutura de produção, afetam o uso de energia em países emergentes (Brasil, China e Índia) e em países desenvolvidos (Alemanha, Reino Unido e Estados Unidos). Para tanto, foram utilizadas matrizes de insumo-produto de 1995 e 2005, utilizando-se da técnica de Análise de Decomposição Estrutural. Os seguintes resultados podem ser destacados: i) os setores que se verificam como importantes fornecedores da economia são setores que fazem maior uso de energia; ii) para a demanda das famílias o efeito quantidade demandada é em geral maior que o efeito alocação da demanda, tanto nos países desenvolvidos como nos países em desenvolvimento; iii) para a contribuição tecnológica, a parcela referente apenas à variação dos insumos energéticos é maior em geral que a parcela relativa aos insumos não energéticos, tanto para os países desenvolvidos como os emergentes. / Energetic inputs are essential and have few substitutes. The energy consumption is associated to households’ well-being and is needful in any productive process. The economic growth and development of non-OECD countries is causing modification in households’ structure of demand and in the production structure through technical progress, which changes the demand by the different energy inputs. In this context, this thesis goal is to access how the changes in the elements associated to the demand, i.e. households’ demand and production structure, impact the use of energy in developing countries (Brazil, China and India) and in developed countries (Germany, United Kingdom and United States). To achieve such objective we used input-output matrix of 1995 and 2005, applying the Structural Decomposition Analysis. The following results can be highlighted: i) the sectors verified as main suppliers in the economy are those which use more energy; ii) for the households’ demand the quantity effect is in general higher than the allocation effect, in both developed and developing countries; iii) for the technological contribution, the portion referring only the changes in the energetic inputs is in general higher than the portion regarding the changes in the non-energetic inputs, in both developed and developing countries.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the monetary policy of the Swedish central bank, Riksbanken, from the perspective of the Austrian School of Economics. The thesis starts with a description of the actions of Riksbanken, its objectives of the monetary policy and what tools are used to achieve those objectives. The thesis continues with an analysis of possible consequences for the Swedish business cycles that the monetary policy of Riksbanken may have caused. The theory that is used to answer the research question is Austrian economic theory and primarily Austrian Business Cycle Theory. A review of relevant theory is made, and an examination of relevant macroeconomic factors is produced. The examination shows that the factors have changed over time according to the prediction of the Austrian School of Economics. The Riksbank's monetary policy decisions have been affected by concerns about the household indebtedness. This concern is in line with the warnings of the Austrian school. The Riksbank has, on the other hand, not considered the Austrian schools' fears of malinvestment and artificial boom in its monetary policy decisions. The conclusion of the essay is that the monetary policy of Riksbanken may contribute to strengthening business cycles, according with the perspective of the Austrian School of Economics. If the inflation prognosis’s from Riksbanken would have been correct, they probably had exercised a more aggressive monetary policy, primary by lowering the interest rate. It would have increased the variations of the business cycles trough increasing the gap between the natural interest rate and the market rate. / Syftet med uppsatsen är att granska Riksbankens penningpolitik utifrån den österrikiska skolans synsätt. Uppsatsen redogör för Riksbankens mål för penningpolitiken och vilka verktyg de använder för att uppnå dessa. Granskningen av den förda penningpolitiken genomförs utifrån den österrikiska ekonomiska teorin, främst dess konjunkturcykelteori. En genomgång av denna teori genomförs, och en analys av bakomliggande faktorer utförs. Analysen slår fast att de flesta av de undersökta variablerna har förändrat i linje med vad som kan förväntas enligt den österrikiska teorin. Riksbankens penningpolitiska beslut har påverkats av oron för hushållen skuldsättning. Denna oro ligger i linje med vad österrikiska skolan varnar för. Den österrikiska skolans farhågor för felinvesteringar och konstlad högkonjunktur har Riksbanken däremot inte tagit hänsyn till i sina penningpolitiska beslut. Slutsatsen för uppsatsen blir att Riksbankens penningpolitik kan ha bidragit till att förstärka konjunktursvängningarna. I det fall att Riksbankens inflationsprognoser varit mer träffsäkra, skulle de under större delen av perioden enligt sina egna handlingsregler ha fört en mer aggressiv penningpolitik, främst genom lägre styrränta. Det skulle i så fall stärkt konjunktursvängningarna än mer enligt den österrikiska konjukturcykelteorin.