This thesis offers a materialist account of dramatic genre. It shows how English revenge tragedies were mediated by the social circumstances of their early modern dramatic production, and how in turn such circumstances found expression in dramatic form. Its method draws on Marxist critical theory, but the work also makes extensive use of traditions in English social history and more conventional literary criticism. Influenced by Walter Benjamin’s early work, 'Urprung des deutschen Trauerspiels', in which ‘origin’ (Ursprung) is distinguished from ‘genesis’ (Entstehung), the dissertation offers an account of the genre’s dialectical relationship with the social realities and legal circumscriptions accompanying theatrical performance at the time revenge plays became popular. Focusing on the characterization of avenging protagonists, the dissertation suggests how the ambivalent disposition of such figures to narrative and scene drew on historical problems of social and occupational identity in early modern England. The first chapter dwells on the ambiguities of the avenger’s marginalisation in Thomas Kyd’s seminal revenge play, The Spanish Tragedy. This chapter realizes the problem of revenge as one relating to the household, and in turn connects this to the image of the early professional theatre as a disorderly house. Building on this analysis of the historical grounds of Hieronimo’s disenfranchisement and revenge, the second chapter explores the resources of characterization provided for such avengers by the dramatic tradition of the Vice which, by the 1570s and 1580s, had become associated with the professional actor. The third chapter examines how the idiom of the ruin in the two tragedies of John Webster might invite a Benjaminian analysis of the revenge play as a vulnerable allegory of production. This chapter looks to link revenge plays’ representations of death to contingencies of performance. The final two chapters are connected by an interest in the relationship between characterization and forms of historical risk. Chapter 4 explores the duel at Hamlet’s climax from a variety of perspectives, arguing that its debased nature as a ritual of valour interacted in highly sophisticated ways with the problems of intentionality and invention associated with earlier revenge plays as well as with performance itself. The final chapter builds on the arguments of Chapter 4 while recalling many of the arguments made earlier in the thesis. Demonstrating the dialectical interaction of the actor-as-servant and the servant-intriguer, this fifth chapter situates the study of such characterization within the historiographical controversies surrounding the early-modern wage labourer. This dissertation aims (i) to provide innovative criticism of English revenge tragedy, insisting upon the genre’s dialectical foundation in processes of dramatic production; (ii) to outline a viable, dialectically materialist genre criticism; (iii) to show how changes in socio-economic dependencies produced specific dramaturgical effects, particularly as these related to the process of characterization.

The aim of this study was to shed light on the phenomenon of sex purchase amongst men from the perspective of professionals working at KAST*. Our main research questions concerned who the sex-purchasing men are, what their incentives are and furthermore how the professionals depict their work with these clients. In order to examine this we conducted three qualitative research interviews. The theoretical framework used to examine our results consisted of social constructivism and professional acting space. Main results show, contrary to research, that the “typical” sex buyer does not exist, nor do specific motives. Instead, our interviewees prefer to speak of a mutual pattern amongst the sex buyers, referred to as an obsessive-compulsive sexual behaviour. In addition, our interviewees emphasize the importance of distinguishing between the act and the individual. Other findings show that although none of the units use evidence-based practice, all interviewees claim their methods are effective and moreover they all describe their professional acting space as almost unlimited. With our interviewees’ testimonies differing in several ways from the image of sex buyers common amongst the public and some researchers, we hope our findings can contribute to a more nuanced view of sex buyers.   * Abbreviation for the unit within the social services working with sex buyers

The purpose of this essay was to examine and compare what attitudes Swedish and Belgian social workers may have towards residential care and foster care for children and young people. To answer the purpose eight qualitative interviews with four Swedish and four Belgian social workers were made. The results were analyzed by theory of organization and professional acting space. The results of the study show that the social workers in both countries preferred foster care, especially for small children, and that the Swedish social workers had a more negative attitude towards residential care than the Belgian social workers. Even though the Belgian social workers preferred foster care, they found themselves forced to choose residential care due to lack of available foster care facilities, something that did not seem to affect the Swedish social workers. Factors that affected the Swedish and the Belgian social workers professional acting space were the consent from parents, discussing with colleagues and specialization of interventions.

La recherche se situe dans le champ de l’éducation pour la santé en périnatalité. Les sages-femmes en sont les acteurs privilégiés, notamment de la préparation à la naissance et à la parentalité (PNP) en période prénatale. Leur formation initiale se fait en alternance entre enseignements théoriques et stages. Elles assurent donc parfois une double mission : éducative auprès des femmes enceintes et formative auprès du stagiaire. Faisant l’hypothèse que les ancrages théoriques des pratiques éducatives et formatives des sages-femmes sont identiques, l’objectif de recherche est d’identifier ces ancrages en situation de PNP et d’encadrement d’un étudiant. La méthode de l’auto-confrontation simple et l’entretien de compréhension ont été utilisés. 14 sages-femmes volontaires ont participé à l’étude. Les données ont été traitées selon la méthode de l’analyse du contenu à partir d’une modélisation combinant des modèles d’éducation, d’apprentissage et de santé. Les principaux résultats valident l’hypothèse, avec cependant quelques exceptions. Les pratiques de transmission des recommandations et savoirs médicaux ou d’activité corporelle s’inscrivent majoritairement dans les combinatoires à la croisée des modèles béhavioristes, de l’éducation centrée sur l’instruction et de la santé biomédicale. Les modèles du développement du sujet ou de la santé biopsychosociale sont ponctuellement présents, alternant avec ceux qui sont prédominants. Les combinatoires basées sur le constructivisme et le modèle de santé du sujet autonome n’apparaissent qu’exceptionnellement. Les mêmes tendances sont retrouvées pour les modélisations éducation/apprentissage sous-jacentes aux pratiques formatives. / Our research lies in the field of perinatal health education in which midwives are key players, most notably for their roles in Childbirth and Parenting Education (CPE) during the prenatal period. Their initial training combines theoretical and vocational training immersion. They therefore are charged with fulfilling a dual mission: an educational one with pregnant women and a formative one with students. Based on the assumption that theoretical backgrounds of health education and of midwives’ training practices are identical, our objective is to identify and examine these models during the CPE and during the supervision of students. We resorted to the method of self-confrontation and to the method of the interview of understanding. To do so, we interviewed 14 volunteer midwives, who agreed to participate in the study, about their general skills. The data was collected and processed using the content analysis methodology based on a framework combining education, learning and health models.With a few exceptions, the main results largely validate our hypothesis: the practices of the transmission of medical knowledge and recommendations, as well as of physical activity, lie at the crossroads of the behaviorist models, of the education-centered instruction and of the biomedical health model. Models such as the development of the subject model and the bio psychosocial health model have been highlighted, along with other prevailing models. The combinatorial theories built upon constructivism and the health model of the autonomous subject have also been exposed, albeit very rarely. The same trends appear in the modeling of education/learning underlying training practices.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CD 1 - SSO - Elaine Christina Santa.pdf: 360653 bytes, checksum: e8294b9deb33575061816f1118cbf33d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The purpose of this research analyses The Victims and Threatened Witnesses Program of Protection - Provita - appears, in 1996, from an initiative of the civil society in partnership with the State. As a result of this process, in July 13 1999, is promulgated the Federal Law nº 9.807, that establishes standards for the organization and maintenance of this Program. The focus of this Program is the reduction of the impunity, creating security conditions to the threatened witnesses. From a revision of the historical construction process of the national security system, it is considered as a basic guarantee instrument to the right to the life and to the security, in a context where the violence and impunity are daily expressed realities. During the research process, we aimed to better understand the inter-relations, connections and factors responsible for the existence of this Program in our Brazilian society and the Social Service role. So, the objective of this research is centered on studying the social worker job in this Program, approaching questions on its attributions, objectives and challenges. It aims to reflect on professional practices, in the prism of human rights defense, in accordance with what was praised in the Code of Professional Ethics. This research concludes the require and importance of enlargement of the responsibility of the State about execution of public security activities, when the limitations were given to the development of the service created, between other factors, by the absence of articulation with the set of public politics, essential policies for the service to the necessities of the persons in regime of protection; resource insufficiency for the formation and security of the professionals group; slowness of the judicial processing. The data, between 2000 and 2005, of 75 people protected, of which 21 testified in processes that reached the final verdict, and 20 turned in condemnatio n, illustrate both the importance and the difficulties of the Program. We also perceived that the social worker practice still is permeated by the challenge of acting and implementing the commitment with its practice citizens. This professional has the dut y of working in search for the citizenship promotion, the emancipation and to make possible the conditions of the protected person of struggle for his rights, during the protection process and over all, later / Este estudo apresenta a análise do Programa de Proteção a Vítimas e Testemunhas Ameaçadas - Provita -, que surge, em 1996, a partir de uma iniciativa da sociedade civil em parceria com o Estado. Em decorrência desse processo, em 13 de julho de 1999, é promulgada a Lei Federal nº 9.807, que estabelece normas para a organização e manutenção deste Programa. O objetivo principal do Programa é a redução da impunidade, criando condições de segurança para pessoas capazes de prestar testemunho, apesar de ameaçadas. A partir de uma revisão do processo de construção histórica do sistema de segurança nacional, é estudado como um instrumento fundamental de garantia ao direito à vida e à segurança, num contexto de violência extrema e cotidiana. O processo de pesquisa produziu uma melhor compreensão das inter-relações, conexões e fatores responsáveis pela sua existência na sociedade brasileira. A análise baseou-se na experiência profissional da autora e nos depoimentos de exprofissionais de Serviço Social pertencentes à equipe de trabalho do Provita. Teve como objetivo central estudar o papel do Serviço Social no Programa, abordando questões relacionadas às atribuições, objetivos e desafios do trabalho do assistente social. A prática profissional foi refletida pelo prisma da defesa dos direitos humanos, de acordo com o preconizado no Código de Ética profissional. Concluiu-se pela necessidade e importância da ampliação da responsabilidade do Estado quanto à execução das atividades de segurança pública, dadas as limitações ao desenvolvimento do atendimento criadas, entre outros fatores, pela ausência de articulação com o conjunto de políticas públicas, essenc iais para o atendimento às necessidades das pessoas em regime de proteção; insuficiência de recursos para a formação e segurança do corpo de profissionais; morosidade do processamento judiciário. Os dados de permanência, entre 2000 e 2005, de 75 protegidos, dos quais 21 testemunharam em processos que chegaram ao veredicto final, e 20 resultaram em condenação, ilustram tanto a importância como as dificuldades do Programa. A prática do assistente social foi sempre permeada pelo desafio do compromisso com os sujeitos de sua prática, em busca da promoção da cidadania e da emancipação, para possibilitar ao protegido condições de luta por seus direitos, durante o processo de proteção e, sobretudo, depois