The thesis deals with investments in professional sports clubs. It analyses contributions and impacts of foreign investors' approach on professional football clubs' operations and economy. It also examines motives that give foreign investors reason for buying top European football clubs. The main part of the thesis provides an analysis of six selected football teams from English Premier League to discover common features and differences in modern owners' approaches to their sports clubs. Investments on players' transfer markets and into sports facilities are being discussed as well.

The main objective of the Thesis is to specify the crucial aspects of professional football players income taxation in the Czech Republic. These incomes are taxed according to the section 7 Income Tax Law. The Thesis is also aimed at taxation of non-resident football players. The international taxation is explained on the Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and on the Czech Income Tax Law. In the second part of this Thesis the fictious tax duty of selected football palyers is layed down. key words: professional football player, income tax, income tax

The thesis deals with the influence of European cup competitions on competitive balance within national leagues. The importance of competitive balance in sports leagues is highlighted and its vulnerability to the growing differences in revenues between the clubs I discussed. The main part of the thesis provides an analysis of specifics of English, German and Spanish football league. It focuses on the differences in revenue structure and revenue level between clubs within the league, as well as between the leagues. The paper analyzes the influence of participating in European cups on club revenues and the connection between growing revenues with the development of competitive balance.

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Formerly, football was just a hobby to many people but because of the commercialization and professionalization the sport has now become a work where people get payed. There is a questioning if those players can be considered as employees and receive a protection from labor law. It is a big risk to become injured as a football player compared to other jobs. The purpose of this essay is to elucidate the terms of employment for Swedish professional football players considering a perspective of equality. The essay has a comparative approach for the possibility to compare the two collective agreements that are in force for female and male professional football players in Sweden. In addition to that, the legal dogmatic method, a document analysis and a qualitative part is included to make it possible to answer both the research questions.    The professional football players in Sweden are today considered as employees. Considering this, they receive the same protection regarding labor law just like other employees with more common jobs. The protection that they provide during illness or an injury is regulated in law and in their collective agreements. It appears that both male and female professional football players in Sweden has a good protection when illness or an injury takes place even if the collective agreements regulates the protection in different ways. The male players have a better solution due to the insurance, but the recurring reason is the difference between the salaries.

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Yes / This paper draws on original research from a larger study of racism and Islamophobia online around football, particularly a set of interviews with staff at English football clubs whose responsibility is to manage social media. We use that information alongside our reflections on “platformed racism” to appraise how expressions of racism on social media differ from those in and around the grounds, and how clubs and others in football contest them. This involves a consideration of three themes commonly identified by those speaking on behalf of the clubs: The triggers that ignite racist posts; the partnerships necessary to counter them; and their proposed solutions. Hence this is not just a cue for a collective wringing of hands, but an effort to point the way forward. / This research was funded through a British Academy/Leverhulme Small ResearchGrant: SRG1819\190980.

Football clubs have multiple stakeholders sometimes with different and conflicting objectives. If a club concentrates solely on achieving sporting success at the expense of its financial objectives, it risks jeopardizing its long-term stability, which may affect the sporting integrity of the league as a whole. The behaviour of one club potentially has externality implications for other stakeholders which cannot always be internalised. There is therefore the need for regulation of the pre-emptive type to avert such negative consequences for clubs. FIFA has requested all member associations to implement club licensing to improve upon professionalism in management and to ensure long-term stability of club football. This thesis picks up on this theme to review the financial regulatory system in Ghana, obtain lessons from other jurisdictions and develop an incentive-based context-specific Football Financial Clearinghouse framework that is applicable in Ghana. The thesis employs a mixed-method research approach to evaluate the financial disclosure, position and performance of professional football clubs in Ghana, utilising critical reviews, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires to answer specific research questions. The empirical analysis in this thesis shows that financial licensing and monitoring needs to be complemented by the provision of incentives and support services to clubs to achieve optimal regulatory compliance. The key incentive in the specific case of Ghana is to ensure regulated access to credit. This thesis makes four significant contributions to knowledge by showing that: Ghanaian football clubs are in a difficult financial situation; there is an appetite for change amongst Ghanaian football’s stakeholders for a new financial regulatory framework; the existing financial regulatory frameworks, especially in Europe, are not applicable in the Ghanaian context as they were made for a different jurisdiction; and that the FFC framework would be an appropriate context-specific framework to deal with the financial regulation of Ghanaian football clubs.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4925.pdf: 1571658 bytes, checksum: ceae5e46cdbfa0f53a7762832184f48e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-24 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Football has been known as an arena marked by masculinity, but in a very particular manner, mainly heterosexual. That could be explained through the way the game has been constructed, in a defined performance focused on what would be inheriting to a condition of what is ideally understood to be a man. In that context, the conformation of the bodies to the practice of football in many countries, especially Brazil, induced the idea that it a sport that is neither suitable nor desirable to the female body. Therefore, the women have been reduced to spectators and their entry in that universe restricted to what could be considers appropriate to a woman. However, we have witnessed a continuous subversion of that space and its representations, which goes from the amount of women in stadiums to the number of women who have professionally inserted themselves in many areas in the sport, insofar as if football can be understood as an institution that for some thinkers expresses the Brazilian society on the symbolic plan, understanding the role played by women in that universe and in what way that space is occupied can be very relevant. In that sense, the study of such roles, as players, referees, journalists and supporters may reveal different nuances of a new spectrum of representations formulated by old and new actors that operate in that space. / O futebol historicamente foi reconhecido como uma arena demarcada pela masculinidade, mas não qualquer masculinidade, uma masculinidade que se não exclusiva, é predominantemente heterossexual. Isso se justificaria pela maneira como se constituiu a prática do jogo, caracterizada por uma performance bastante definida e voltada para aquilo que seria inerente a uma condição do que se entende idealmente como ser homem . Nesse contexto, a própria conformação dos corpos para a prática do futebol em muitos países, em especial no Brasil, induziu a ideia de que esse seria um esporte pouco adequado e desejável ao corpo feminino. Deste modo, às mulheres restou o papel de, no máximo, espectadoras, e a entrada no universo do futebol foi restrita àquilo que era considerado apropriado a uma mulher. Entretanto, temos assistido a uma crescente e contínua subversão deste espaço e representação subversão esta que vai desde o número de mulheres que frequentam os estádios até as profissionais que se inserem nas mais diversas áreas do esporte, de modo que se o futebol pode ser entendido como uma instituição, que para alguns autores expressaria no plano simbólico a sociedade brasileira, compreender o papel ocupado pelas mulheres neste universo e de que maneira este espaço é conquistado pode ser igualmente relevante. Nesse sentido, o estudo dos papéis assumidos pelas mulheres no futebol, seja como jogadoras, árbitras, jornalistas e torcedoras pode revelar diferentes nuanças de um novo espectro de representações formuladas por novos e antigos atores que operam nesse espaço.