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This Degree Project is carried through in association with Fototext in Guthenburg. The firmsees benefits using”Soft Proof” technology for both economic and time-saving. The reasonfor ”Soft Proofing” for internal/ external production is to estimate and controll documentswithout using digital or chemical printing output.The different technical solutions to ”Soft Proof”, knowledges and facts aboutColorManagement together with PDF-workflow is going to pattern for a correct succesfull”Soft Proofing” on the monitor.Acrobat 5 in association with Photoshop 6 are effectively used in ”Soft Proofing” technic.The advance and capacity of the graphical softwares which are explained in this reporthelps the users to begin to experiment with ”Soft Proof”. Graphical firms which are interestedto begin working with ”Soft Proof” need to allready have knowledge in ICC-profilingand a practical ColorManaged workflow.

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This thesis seeks to explore the potential of existing built fabric to change in order to meet the needs of its users. Central to this is the realisation that cities are highly dynamic environments. Momentarily appropriate, static solutions are not acceptable.This means not only adapting an existing building to fit a particular need at a particular time, but to ensure that it lends itself to future change. The building chosen for this study is the NZASM building, currently owned by Transnet, on the corner of Paul Kruger and Minnaar Streets. It was completed in 1963 on the property of the old NZASM headquarters and now serves mainly to house offices for Transnet. The building was between sixty and seventy percent occupied at the time of writing this thesis. The client is a fictional coalition of NGOs. The desired program is what will be referred to as an NGO Hub. The NGO Hub is a shared office and public interface facility. The intent is that these NGOs share resources and act within their specialties to support one another on collaborative projects. They must also be free to pursue their own projects and retain individual identity. At the same time, members of the public have a central location to visit where they can find information and the NGO best capable of serving their needs. This will lead to a far more efficient operational model for these organisations. The thesis also assumes that a scheme by Mary-Anne Da Costa, Surfaces and Services - A Public Space for Communication, Information + Discussion (2007), for Pretorius Square is feasible and that the two projects will occur simultaneously. The programmatic aim is to create a true civic square in Pretoria that will also serve as an example to other cities. This thesis will also work towards generating and reinforcing identity within the city. The reason for doing so is that we orientate ourselves by our environment. The clearer our idea of what a building/district/city is, the clearer our perception of what our relationship to it is and the better oriented we feel. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of bicycle crossings and follow up on previousstudies with new data on speeds, ability to travel unhindered and accident statistics. With theintroduction of the new definition of bicycle crossing from 2014, motor vehicle drivers had to yieldfor cyclists who are traveling on, or are approaching, the bicycle crossing. The area at theintersection should also be speed-proofed to 30 km/h. The introduction meant that new behaviorswere required by both cyclists and motor vehicle drivers at these types of intersections.The report is consists of three parts; a short literature study with an international outlook, adocument analysis of accidents and bicycle crossings in Sweden as well as on site measurementsexecuted at bicycle crossings in Gävle. The literature study briefly presents some of the mostcommon speed-limiting measures to present an overview of the types of measures that can be usedto speed-proof bicycle crossings. It also presents other countries' accident statistics as well as howthey handle the problems of bicycle prioritization at crossings. The document analysis is based onthe STRADA and RDT database in order to, through a GIS software, link accidents to bicycle crossingsand thus be able to analyze how the accidents have developed over time. This analysis is made bothwith a national average and a more thorough study of the municipality of Malmö. In the on sitemeasurements executed in Gävle, the speeds of the motor vehicles on approach to bicycle crossingswere examined and the yielding behavior was studied ocularly. The measurements were carried outin two separate locations with different conditions, one with relatively high traffic flow and a plateaubump as a speed-proofing measure and one with lower flow and bus pad as a speed-proofingmeasure.It turns out that the number of accidents related to bicycle crossings has decreased in Sweden, whilethe degree of injury for these accidents has also decreased. Malmö stands out in the statistics due tothe fact that the number of accidents related to bicycle crossings has increased at the same time asthe degree of injury for the accidents has decreased. The data also shows that accidents at bicyclecrossings adjacent to roundabouts are over-represented. It is therefore proposed that bicyclecrossings adjacent to roundabouts should be avoided. The on site measurements in Gävle showedthat the speeds had decreased sharply at the site with the bus pad and that the yielding behaviorchanged after the introduction of the bicycle crossing. At the second location, with the plateaubump, the speeds have already converged and are approaching their limit values while the yieldingbehavior has improved slightly. Finally, it is concluded that bus pads have better velocity suppressioneffects than the plateau pad and that the consequential effects of a well-designed speed-proofingmeasurement can reduce the degree of injury and increased yielding.

Questa tesi intende completare uno studio sull'impatto che la legislazione sull'adozione ha sul processo dell'adozione internazionale, con lo scopo di determinare se le imprecisioni della legislazione offrono delle opportunità per la commissione di abusi collegati all'adozione internazionale, per individuare quali provvedimenti della legislazione possono essere sfruttati dai criminali e quali metodi e meccanismi possono essere sviluppati per rendere la legislazione sull'adozione crime proofed . L'ipotesi principale di lavoro è che una legislazione sull'adozione di bassa qualità produce delle opportunità criminali per la corruzione ed il compimento di adozioni internazionali illegali, mentre una legislazione di alta qualità riduce tali opportunità. Per verificare quest'ipotesi, due legislazioni nazionali sull'adozione sono comparate, attraverso una comparazione orizzontale di due sistemi nazionali di adozione ed il completamento di un Crime Risk Assessment delle rispettive legislazioni (in così detto crime proofing ex post ). Il primo elemento di questa comparazione orizzontale è la precedente legge sull'adozione romena (Legge No. 25/1997), mentre il secondo, determinato attraverso un'analisi selettiva, è la legislazione lettone. / This thesis aims to conduct a study on the impact that adoption legislation has on the intercountry adoption process, with the purpose of determining if inaccuracies in legislation offer opportunities for abuses related to intercountry adoption, which provisions of legislation may be exploited by the criminals and which methods or mechanisms may be developed in order to render adoption legislation crime proofed . The main working hypothesis is that low quality adoption legislation produces criminal opportunities for corruption and the concluding of illegal adoptions, while high quality adoption legislation reduces such criminal opportunities. In order to test this hypothesis, two national adoption legislations are considered and compared, by use of a horizontal comparison of the two adoption systems and the carrying out of a Crime Risk Assessment of the two legislations on adoption (the so called crime proofing ex post ). The first component of this horizontal comparison is the former Romanian adoption law (Law No. 25/1997), while the second one, determined after the completing of a selective analysis, is the Latvian adoption legislation.

Klimatische und gesellschaftliche Veränderungsprozesse sind Herausforderungen, die den gegenwärtig zunehmenden Bedarf an Konzepten und Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung hochwasserinduzierter Risiken insbesondere für die gebaute Umwelt unterstreichen. Eine Handlungsalternative bildet die Implementierung konstruktiver Maßnahmen des hochwasserangepassten Bauens, die zu einer Minderung der Schadensanfälligkeit bestehender Gebäude führen. Derzeit fehlen jedoch Verfahren, um die Effekte derartiger Maßnahmen zu beurteilen. Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift beleuchtet in einer Experimentalstudie zunächst das Systemverhalten gefügter Außenwandkonstruktionen bei definierten Hochwasserbeanspruchungen. Zu den Zielen der Experimentalstudie gehören die Analyse der konstruktionsspezifischen Feuchteverteilung bei mehrtägiger, ein- und zweiseitiger Wasserbeanspruchung sowie die Untersuchung der Wasserdurchlässigkeit. Zu den üblichen Außenwandkonstruktionen, welche durch ihre signifikante räumliche Verbreitung und häufige Ausführung geprägt sind, zählen sowohl ein- als auch mehrschalige Mauerwerkskonstruktionen aus überwiegend mineralischen Baustoffen. Das Versuchsprogramm umfasst acht Schichtenfolgen üblicher Mauerwerkskonstruktionen, die den allgemein anerkannten Regeln der Technik entsprechen. Darauf aufbauend steht die Untersuchung der Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen dem dokumentierten Feuchteverhalten und dessen nachteiligen Folgen im Mittelpunkt. Die anschließende systematische Ermittlung und Beurteilung der Schadensanfälligkeit bestehender Mauerwerkskonstruktionen basiert auf der Nutzwertmethode, welche die nachteiligen Veränderungen der Eigenschaftswerte anhand von insgesamt elf identifizierten Kriterien bewertet. Auf der Basis der Labor- und Bewertungsergebnisse lassen sich für die untersuchten Baukonstruktionen exemplarische Anpassungsoptionen ableiten, die im Hinblick auf die Minderung zukünftiger Hochwasserschäden eine geeignete Konstruktionslösung darstellen. Anhand des verwendeten methodischen Ansatzes kann somit die Wirkung verschiedener baukonstruktiver Maßnahmen, bezogen auf die Verringerung des Risikos, eingeschätzt werden.

The objectives of Sensor Based Fixture Design and Verification (SFDV) research are to provide the means for detecting contact failure of the workpiece with fixture locators and for preventing incorrect loading of the workpiece in a fixture. The fixtures that involve complex free-form surfaces especially in the aerospace industries face problems caused by the contact failure of the workpiece with locators. In batch and mass production defects often occur due to incorrect loading of the workpiece in a fixture by an operator due to fatigue or inadvertence. The current fixturing research is focussed on improving the fixture quality and other aspects and do not address these issues. This research is focussed on three areas, to generate algorithms for automatically foolproofing the fixtures, to build locators with embedded sensors that could be used to verify the contact and foolproof the existing fixtures, and to design and experimentally validate fixtures for free-form surfaces with sensors to verify the location. In foolproofing, workpieces were classified into different categories to identify the existence of a solution and the geometry was simplified and used to search for a solution based on symmetry/asymmetry to discover a foolproofing location. The algorithms were implemented in a CAD software and the solutions were verified in 3D space. The locators with inbuilt sensors were designed for foolproofing and location verification purposes and the sensors were used in case studies to establish credibility. A sensor based fixture design method is created for the part location of free-form surfaces using fiber optic sensors. An experimental fixture with sensors incorporated in the locators was used to determine the effects of surface curvature on the sensitivity of the sensors. A new theory on best locations for the sensor based locators by utilizing surface curvature is proposed based on the experimental results. The SFDV implementation may help realize the dream for any manufacturing sys­tem aspiring to move beyond the six sigma levels of quality and achieve zero defects.

Trötthet är en av de vanligaste orsakerna för en hög sjukskrivning och jobbfrånvaro inom vård - och omsorgsbranschen (Arbetsmiljöverket, 2018). Enligt forskning är extrem trötthet (fatigue) också en faktor för en högre olycksrisk i arbetet. Fatigue risk management hjälper till att hantera riskerna i samband med extrem trötthet genom att förebygga, säkerställa samt minska trötthet hos de anställda. I den aktuella kvalitativa studien undersöktes dessa strategier hos de sex anställda på tre olika typer av omsorgsverksamheter: ett HVB/stödboende för ensamkommande flyktingbarn, ett genomgångsboende för tidigare missbrukare samt två äldreboenden. Resultatet av tematisk analys av data från semi-strukturerade intervjuer visade att de anställda använde sig av både trötthetsminskande samt fatigue-proofing strategier i sitt arbete för att minimera riskerna med trötthet under långa arbetspass. Dessa strategier verkade vara en del av den informella praxisen inom varje arbetsgrupp snarare än en komponent av verksamheternas formella hanterande av riskerna med trötthet.

<p>BACKGROUND </p><p>When a customer delivers a colour proof to a printer, they expect the final print to look similar to that proof. Today it is impossible to control if a match between proof and print is technically possible to reach at all. This is mainly due to the fact that no information regarding the production circumstances of the proof is provided, for instance the printer does not know which proofer, RIP or ICC-profile that was used. Situations where similarity between proof and print cannot be reached and the press has to be stopped are both costly and time consuming and are therefore wished to be avoided.</p><p>PURPOSE </p><p>The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the possibility to form a method with the ability control if a proof is of such good quality that it is likely to produce a print that is similar to it.</p><p>METHOD </p><p>The basic assumption was that the quality of a proof could be decided by spectrally measuring known colour patches and compare those values to reference values representing the same patches printed at optimal press conditions. To decide which and how many patches that are required, literature and reports were studied, then a test printing and a comparison between proofing systems were performed. To be able to analyse the measurement data in an effective way a tool that analyses the difference between reference and measurement data was developed using MATLAB. </p><p>RESULT </p><p>The result was a suggestion for a colour proof quality verification method that consists two parts that are supposed to complement each other.The first one was called Colour proofing system evaluation and is supposed to evaluate entire proofing systems. It consists of a test page containing colour patches, grey balance fields, gradations and photographs. The second part is called Colour proof control and consists of a smaller set of colour patches that is supposed to be attached to each proof. </p><p>CONCLUSIONS </p><p>The method is not complete since more research regarding the difference between measurement results and visual impression is needed. To be able to obtain realistic tolerance levels for differences between measurement- and reference data, the method must be tested in every-day production. If this is done the method is thought to provide a good way of controlling the quality of colour proofs.</p>