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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Nemrznoucí teplonosné kapaliny na bázi glycerolu / Non - freezing heat transfer liquids on glycerol platform

Trombik, Tomasz January 2011 (has links)
This thesis is focused on proposition of non-freezing heat transfer fluid. Fluid will be based on mixture of propane-1,2,3-triol with water and modern corrosion inhibitors. Then will be investigate, if this new compound is competetive to common used liquids like ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
22

Nemrznoucí teplonosné kapaliny na bázi polyolů / Non - freezing heat transfer liquids on the polyol platform

Solný, Tomáš January 2012 (has links)
This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of changes in non-freezing heat transfer liquid composed of mixture of polyols and water, used in the real solar thermic system. On the base of the research a new heat transfer liquid is proposed on the platform of 1,3-polyols. The emphasis is put on the non-toxic properties of such system revealing the two chemical candidates for a new heat transfer liquid: 1,3-propanediol and glycerol. These chemicals are mixed together with water using different volume concentrations and properties of such liquids are evaluated.
23

Stárnutí nemrznoucí teplonosné kapaliny v solárních systémech / Monitoring ageing non - freezing heat transfer liquids

Pidima, Tomáš January 2014 (has links)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of changes in properties of an antifreeze heat transfer fluid based on polyols used in real solar thermal system. Emphasis is placed on the use of substances with low impact on the environment.
24

Sledování stárnutí nemrznoucí teplonosné kapaliny nové generace / Monitoring ageing non - freezing heat transfer liquids new generation

Fousek, Pavel January 2017 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of changes in properties of an antifreeze heat transfer liquids based on glycols used in real solar thermal system. Emphasis is placed on the use of non-toxic substances, which include propane-1,3-diol.
25

The Impact of Hydrocarbon and Carbon Oxide Impuritiesin the Hydrogen Feed of a PEM Fuel Cell

Kortsdottir, Katrin January 2016 (has links)
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell generates electricity from hydrogen and oxygen (from air) through electrocatalytic reactions in an electrochemical cell. The Pt/C catalyst, commonly used in PEM fuel cells, is very sensitive to impurities that can interact with the active catalyst sites and limit fuel cell performance. Unfortunately, most hydrogen is currently produced from fossil sources, and inevitably contains impurities. The subject of this thesis is the effect of hydrogen impurities on the operation of a PEM fuel cell using a Pt/C anode. The impurities studied are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and selected hydrocarbons. Particular focus is given to the interaction between the impurities studied and the anode catalyst. The main method used in the study involved performing cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometry, simultaneously. Other electrochemical techniques are also employed. The results show that all the impurities studied adsorb to some extent on the Pt/C catalyst surface, and require potentials comparable to that of CO oxidation, i.e., about 0.6V, or higher to be removed by oxidation to CO2. For complete oxidation of propene, and toluene, potentials of above 0.8, and 1.0V, respectively, are required. The unsaturated hydrocarbons can be desorbed to some extent by reduction, but oxidation is required for complete removal. Adsorption of ethene, propene, and CO2 is dependent on the presence of adsorbed or gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen inhibits ethene and propene adsorption, but facilitates CO2 adsorption. Adsorption of methane and propane is very limited and high concentrations of methane cause dilution effects only. The adlayer formed on the Pt/C anode catalyst in the presence of CO2, or moderate amounts of hydrocarbons, is found to be insffuciently complete to notably interfere with the hydrogen oxidation reaction. Higher concentrations of toluene do, however, limit the reaction. / Polymerelektrolytbränslecellen genererar elektricitet fran vätgas och syrgas (fran luft) genom elektrokatalytiska reaktioner i en elektrokemisk cell. Den platina-baserade katalysator som oftast används i dessa bränsleceller är känslig mot föroreningar, då dessa kan interagera med katalysatorns aktiva yta, och därmed begränsna bränslecellens prestanda. Tyvärr produceras dagens vätgas huvudsakligen fran fossila källor och innehåller därför oundvikligen föroreningar. Denna avhandling behandlar hur olika vätgasföroreningar påverkar katalysatorns aktivitet och bränslecellens drift. De föroreningar som studeras är kolmonoxid (CO) och koldioxid (CO2), samt ett antal mindre kolväten. Störst fokus ligger på hur dessa föroreningar interagerar med anodens Pt/C katalysator. Den metod som huvudsakligen används är cyklisk voltammetri kombinerat med masspektrometri, men flera elektrokemiska metoder har använts. Resultaten visar att alla undersökta föroreningar adsorberar på Pt/C katalysatorns yta i större eller mindre utstreckning. For att avlägsna det adsoberade skiktet genom oxidation till CO2 krävs potentialer jämförbara med CO oxidation, dvs ca 0,6V, eller högre. Fullständig oxidation av propen eller toluen kräver potentialer högre än 0,8V respektive 1,0V. De omättade kolvätena kan delvis avlägsnas genom reduktion, men fullständig avlägsning kräver oxidation. Närvaron av väte, i gasform eller adsorberat pa katalysatorn, hämmar adsorptionen av eten och propen, men främjar CO2 adsorption. Metan och propan adsorberar i mycket begränsad utstreckning på Pt/C katalysatorns yta. De prestandaförluster som uppstår av höga koncentrationer av metan förklaras av utspädning av vätgasen. Det adsorberade skiktet som bildas när Pt/C katalysatorn exponeras för CO2 eller måttliga koncentrationer av studerade kolväten, är inte tillräckligt heltäckande for att märkbart påverka vätgasreduktionen. Däremot kan höga koncentrationer av toluen begränsa reaktionen. / <p>QC 20161010</p>
26

Further development of Sand Bed Burner / Vidareutveckling av Sandbäddsbrännare

Jansson, Adam January 2014 (has links)
To determine whether a weapon system meets the requirements set for insensitivity, the system is getting exposed for special tests. One of these tests shows how the system reacts when it ends up in a fire. This test is called the "Fast Cook-Off (FCO) Test", called FCO-test, and performed with a Sand Bed Burner (SBB). According to primary testing provision, the fuel for this test is used of jet fuel such as Jet A-1. A project at Bofors Test Center (BTC) is in progress to use an alternative fuel of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). This fuel is very advantageous compared to jet fuel in terms of environmental impact, work environment and testing costs. The aim of this thesis is to improve the existing test equipment considering fire over the entire surface and solve the problems with dropped gas flow and freezing of gas bottles. SBB works in the sense that the new petrol LPG streams into the SBB and expands in the free space below the sand bed before the gas will diffuse through the bed of sand and the fire engulfs the object. LPG is a condensable gas that requires oxygen. LPG exceed from liquid to gas phase and needs a large lateral surface to take up more energy which results in better evaporationto the phase transfer. Reaction products from complete combustion of LPG are only water vapor and carbon dioxide, the same as in your exhaled air. To solve these problems it was needed to change P11 composite bottles to P45 steel bottles to get a longer evaporation and larger lateral surface. Four flow inlets instead were used of one into SBB for a better stream in the free space under the sand bed. Propane regulators used to get a lower and more constant flow to avoid freezing. Compressed airconnected tothe SBB to geta mix between oxygen and LPG. The result shows in higherheat radiation efficiency even though the flow was settled down to 1/3 with the new propane regulators. In test 2 the value was 37 kW/m2 and in test 7 it was around 57 kW/m2. Because of a smaller flow and bigger steel bottles the freezing disappeared. Smaller grain of sand together with four inlets and compressed air gave a more complete combustion.
27

Performance Analysis of CO2 Heat Pumps in Different Applications

Thanggavelu, Jaykumar January 2022 (has links)
This study focuses on researching the performance of CO2 heat pumps in different real-time applications and in some studies, it compares the performance to synthetic and other natural refrigerants based on heat pump data provided from buildings. The research on the performance of the CO2 heat pump is performed based on Sweden's climatic conditions. The study consists of four different case studies each focusing on the CO2 heat pump used for four different buildings. The first study evaluates the performance of air source CO2 heat pump installed in a residential building and performs cost benefit in comparison to district heating energy consumption. The second study investigates the performance of the air source CO2 heat pump for the district heating application and compares the same with other refrigerant heat pumps. The refrigerants compared with include Ammonia (R-717), Propane (R-290), R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane). The third study examines the performance of air source CO2 heat pumps in a commercial building with the field measured data obtained directly from the heat pump sensors through the online portal “itop”. The fourth study analyses the performance of a CO2 heat pump with that of a propane (R-290) heat pump for a commercial swimming pool application.  The study is performed using a simulation model created using Microsoft Excel Sheets and Cool Prop add-in, a thermophysical property database. The simulation model makes use of formulae of heat pumps to analyse the performance of the heat pump systems. The climatic data for Stockholm is taken from ASHRAE IWEC 2 database. The results of the study show advantages of CO2 heat pumps when used for combined purposes like space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water over the heat pumps using other refrigerants for their operation, as these refrigerants when operated at high condensation temperature led to low Coefficient of Performance (COP). The first study on residential building CO2 heat pumps showed a cost savings of about 116,000 kr per year even in high-pressure operations concerning the annual cost of district heating, which is about 30% of the total cost district heating with auxiliary equipment. The study also examined the energy saving over the usage of an ejector used in the heat pump which reached an average energy saving of 8%. The second study shows the dominance of the performance of CO2 over other refrigerants for district heating purposes. The third study indicates the performance of the CO2 heat pump in the application using real-time measure data. The fourth study illustrates an increase in overall COP of about 10% from the CO2 heat pump in comparison to that of propane refrigerant for swimming pool application. These results show that when the domestic hot water demand is higher, the CO2 heat pump performs better than other refrigerants specifically because the COP of other refrigerants is lower at high condensation temperatures. / Denna studie fokuserar på att undersöka prestandan hos CO2-värmepumpar i olika realtidsapplikationer och i vissa studier jämför den prestandan med syntetiska och andra naturliga köldmedier baserat på värmepumpsdata från byggnader. Forskningen kring CO2-värmepumpens prestanda utförs utifrån Sveriges klimatförhållanden. Studien består av fyra olika fallstudier som var och en fokuserar på CO2-värmepumpen som används för fyra olika byggnader. Den första studien utvärderar prestandan hos luftkällans CO2-värmepump installerad i ett bostadshus och ger kostnadsfördelar jämfört med energiförbrukningen för fjärrvärme. Den andra studien undersöker prestandan hos luftkällans CO2-värmepump för fjärrvärmeapplikationen och jämför densamma med andra köldmedievärmepumpar. Köldmedierna jämfört med inkluderar ammoniak (R-717), propan (R-290), R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoretan). Den tredje studien undersöker prestandan hos luftkällans CO2-värmepumpar i en kommersiell byggnad med fältuppmätta data som erhålls direkt från värmepumpens sensorer via onlineportalen "itop". Den fjärde studien analyserar prestandan hos en CO2-värmepump med den hos en propan (R-290) värmepump för en kommersiell simbassängapplikation. Studien utförs med hjälp av en simuleringsmodell skapad med Microsoft Excel Sheets och Cool Prop-tillägget, en termofysisk egenskapsdatabas. Simuleringsmodellen använder formler för värmepumpar för att analysera värmepumpsystemens prestanda. Klimatdata för Stockholm är hämtade från databasen ASHRAE IWEC 2.  Resultaten av studien visar fördelarna med CO2-värmepumpar när de används för kombinerade ändamål som rumsuppvärmning, rumskylning och tappvarmvatten jämfört med värmepumpar som använder andra köldmedier för sin drift, eftersom dessa köldmedier när de används vid hög kondensationstemperatur ledde till låg koefficient prestanda (COP). Den första studien om bostadshus CO2-värmepumpar visade en kostnadsbesparing på cirka 116 000 kr per år även i högtrycksdrift avseende den årliga kostnaden för fjärrvärme, vilket är cirka 30 % av den totala kostnaden för fjärrvärme med hjälputrustning. Studien undersökte också energibesparingen jämfört med användningen av en ejektor som används i värmepumpen som nådde en genomsnittlig energibesparing på 8 %. Den andra studien visar dominansen av CO2s prestanda över andra köldmedier för fjärrvärmeändamål. Den tredje studien indikerar CO2-värmepumpens prestanda i applikationen med hjälp av mätdata i realtid. Den fjärde studien illustrerar en ökning av den totala COP på cirka 10 % från CO2-värmepumpen jämfört med den för propan-köldmedium för simbassängapplikationer. Dessa resultat visar att när efterfrågan på tappvarmvatten är högre presterar CO2-värmepumpen bättre än andra köldmedier, särskilt eftersom COP för andra köldmedier är lägre vid höga kondensationstemperaturer.

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