Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--Göteborg, Suède--Université de Göteborg. / Notes bibliogr.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Santa Cruz (Calif.)--University of California, 2004. / Bibliogr. p. 195-204.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Freiburg--Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 372-387.

To borrow a colorful phrase from Kant, this dissertation offers a prolegomenon to any future semantic theory. The dissertation investigates Yablo's omega-liar paradox and draws the following consequence. Any semantic theory that accepts the existence of semantic objects must face Yablo's paradox. The dissertation endeavors to position Yablo's omega-liar in a role analogous to that which Russell's paradox has for the foundations of mathematics. Russell's paradox showed that if we wed mathematics to sets, then because of the many different possible restrictions available for blocking the paradox, mathematics fractionates. There would be different mathematics. This is intolerable. It is similarly intolerable to have restrictions on the `objects' of Intentionality. Hence, in the light of Yablo's omega-liar, Intentionality cannot be wed to any theory of semantic objects. We ought, therefore, to think of Yablo's paradox as a natural language paradox, and as such we must accept its implications for the semantics of natural language, namely that those entities which are `meanings' (natural or otherwise) must not be construed as objects. To establish our result, Yablo's paradox is examined in light of the criticisms of Priest (and his followers). Priest maintains that Yablo's original omega-liar is flawed in its employment of a Tarski-style T-schema for its truth-predicate. Priest argues that the paradox is not formulable unless it employs a "satisfaction" predicate in place of its truth-predicate. Priest is mistaken. However, it will be shown that the omega-liar paradox depends essentially on the assumption of semantic objects. No formulation of the paradox is possible without this assumption. Given this, the dissertation looks at three different sorts of theories of propositions, and argues that two fail to specify a complete syntax for the Yablo sentences. Purely intensional propositions, however, are able to complete the syntax and thus generate the paradox. In the end, however, the restrictions normally associated with purely intensional propositions begin to look surprisingly like the hierarchies that Yablo sought to avoid with his paradox. The result is that while Yablo's paradox is syntactically formable within systems with formal hierarchies, it is not semantically so.

A proposition ontology occupies a potentially rich and foundational place in a good deal of contemporary philosophical theorizing. Some of the biggest roadblocks to a wider acceptance and employment of propositions have been legitimate worries about their nature, or ontological "explanatory" power of theories that employ them. This dissertation attempts to understand and construct a deflationary or minimalist understanding of the notion of a proposition and its theoretical roles. On the basis of this understanding, following Stephen Schiffer (2003), I attempt to construct an ontology of propositions -focusing on general propositions- which avoids or dissolves the most pressing worries about their ontological nature, and the epistemological and explanatory statuses of propositions. In chapter one, I discuss the primary theoretical motivations for positing propositions, and argue for a general set of ontological constraints that fall out of a consideration of entities posited according to these motivations. In chapter two, after arguing that propositions are substantially ontologically independent of mind and language, I argue that propositions are conceptually mind- dependent, but that conceptual dependence of this kind does not amount to any sort of ontological dependence. In chapter three, drawing heavily on the work of Stephen Schiffer (2003), I substantially address the epistemological worries about propositions, arguing that propositions are pleonastic entities whose natures and existence we can know simply by reflecting on our proposition- introducing linguistic practices. In chapter four, I argue that propositions may or may not, in virtue of their status as pleonastic entities, play any substantial explanatory role, but that by utilizing the notion of a proposition, which, according to the pleonastic conception of them, guarantees their existence independent of our practices, is useful and perhaps indispensable to certain of our communicative and epistemic practices. Our propositional linguistic practices, involving essentially our reference to propositions, are thus pragmatically justified.

En 1971, Gilbert Labelle a introduit la fonction chapeau qui est une traduction entre deux représentations de fonctions booléennes. Cette fonction intimement liée au calcul propositionnel possède de remarquables propriétés et permet de trouver le polynôme associé à une table de vérité et réciproquement. La fonction chapeau est involutive et nous en fournissons une démonstration car l'article original de Gilbert Labelle n'en présentait pas. Pour une base de numération fixée p où p est premier, un nombre entier est identifié par une suite de chiffres appelés «pits» par analogie aux bien connus bits. Toute fonction définie sur N est exprimable par une fonction définie sur les pits. Une telle fonction est décomposable en une suite de sous-fonctions qui expriment individuellement chaque chiffre de sortie de la fonction originelle à partir des chiffres en entrée. Différentes décompositions de fonctions en pits sont présentées. Les calculs liés à ces décompositions sont difficiles et des algorithmes astucieux sont développés en Maple pour obtenir quelques résultats qui suggèrent des formules générales que nous prouvons par la suite. Un bit est un cas particulier des pits et il y a une bijection entre les opérateurs d'addition/produit et les portes logiques. Il est alors possible pour un concepteur en électronique de réaliser une implémentation parallèle de fonctions logiques/arithmétiques à partir des décompositions. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Représentations de fonctions, Calcul propositionnel, Décompositions de fonctions, Programmation Maple, Calcul parallèle.

This thesis presents an account of the nature of structured propositions and addresses a series of questions that arise from that proposal. Chapter 1 presents the account and explains how it meets standard objections to such views. Chapter 2 responds to the objection that this version of propositionalism is really a form of sententialism by arguing for the distinct advantages of the propositionalist view. Chapter 3 argues against a closely related view of propositions by way of general principles about how to construct such theories. Chapter 4 illustrates how a theory of propositions of the sort proposed can be defended against a recent argument that propositions need not play a central role in linguistic theory.

Abstract Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore what the residents of Skurup think could improve in their municipality. The paper will give answers to what  could be better and which factors that are important for the improvement according to the residents of Skurup. The overall purpose with the study is to examine how the living situation could improve for the residents of Skurup.  Design/methodology/approach - A quantitative study in the form of 200 surveys is used to let us know what the residents of Skurup wishes to improve. The method will consist of primary data, which is collected through surveys. Supplement in the empire will consist of secondary data from databases like Web of Science, Scopus, Diva, Emerald insight and Google scholar. Implications/Findings - The study reveals what the people in Skurup wishes to improve in their municipality. It offers insight into what value proposition residents value the highest. The research paper shows that the sections Experience and activities and Education and children are important dimensions in the place offering.  Originality/value - The research paper provides information about what the residents of Skurup wishes to improve in their municipality, to make it into a better place. According to this research the residents of Skurups wants to improve the section of Education and the children the most. They also wishes to improve Experience and activities. This will in the end improve the living standard for the residents of Skurup and make Skurup into a place where people want to live. Paper type - Research paper. Keywords - Skurup, municipality, value propositions, quality of life and improve living.

AbstractPurpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore what the residents of Skurup wishes to improve in the municipality of Skurup and if the improvements can be generalized on gender. The paper will give answer to if the improvement can be based on which gender the respondents belongs to. If there is a connecting between living improvement and gender in the municipality of Skurup. Design/methodology/approach - A quantitative study in the form of 200 surveys is used to let us know what the residents of Skurup wishes to improve. The method will consist of primary data, which is collected through surveys. Supplement in the empire will consist of secondary data from databases like Web of Science, Scopus, Diva, Emerald insight and Google scholar. Implications/Findings - The study reveals what the people in Skurup wishes to improve in their municipality and if the result is affected by gender differences. The paper increases understanding of how a municipality can make their place good to live in based on different gender preferences. As women and men prefer different things, the attributes which they wishes to improve varies based on different gender aspects and can ́t be generalised on the whole population, as there are other affecting factors. Originality/value - The research paper gives accurate information about what the residents of Skurup wants to improve and if the improvement factors has anything to do with gender. It increases understanding of how a municipality can make their place good to live in, for different genders. It also provides information to the municipality of Skurup what they should improve according to the sample of residents. Paper type - Research paper. Keywords - Gender differences, municipality, Skurup, improve living and value propositions.

The topics of Grounding and Metaphysical Explanation have been at the forefront of research and debate within metaphysics for the last decade. Grounding is commonly taken to be a relation of non-causal dependence. In this thesis I address the pertinent question as to what sorts of entities are related in instances of grounding. There has so far been little enquiry into this issue, and it therefore requires urgent attention. I argue here that the entities involved in grounding are facts, where facts are true Fregean propositions. True Fregean propositions are abstract entities composed of senses, and are individuated according the senses which they involve. I proceed by setting out some desiderata which the entities involved in grounding will fulfil. Firstly, they will be individuated sufficiently finely as to provide instances of grounding to back all putative cases of non-causal explanation. Secondly, they will ensure that there is unity between instances of grounding and instances of causation. Finally, they will be mind- independent. I survey different types of entity and show that true Fregean propositions are best-equipped to fulfil these desiderata. We therefore have reason to believe that grounding relates facts, so understood. The conclusion of this thesis therefore makes it incumbent upon us to extend our ontology to include true Fregean propositions.