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31	Prosociality and Risk: How Risky Decision-Making in Young Adults Relates to Altruistic Tendencies, Empathic Concern, and Prosocial Peer Affiliation Beard, Sarah J 01 January 2017 (has links) Adolescence involves an increase in risky decisions, such as reckless driving and illicit substance use, but prosocial characteristics and peer affiliation have yet to be investigated as protective factors. The present study assessed altruistic tendencies, prosocial peer affiliation (PPA), and empathic concern as predictors and moderators of risk-taking, including both self-reported health risks and riskiness in a behavioral task. Young adults from ages 20 to 25 (M = 22.55, SD = 1.38) completed a battery of behavioral tasks (including the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and the Dictator Game) and questionnaires on Amazon MTurk, measuring risk-taking (drunk driving, texting while driving, binge drinking, illicit substance use, and tobacco use), altruistic tendencies, PPA, empathic concern, reward sensitivity, and self-regulation. Results indicated that drunk driving and texting while driving were negatively associated with all three prosocial characteristics, and binge drinking was related to PPA and empathic concern. Moderating effects included interactions between altruistic tendencies and reward sensitivity on drunk driving, altruistic tendencies and self-regulation on drunk driving, PPA and reward sensitivity on binge drinking, and empathic concern and self-regulation on binge drinking. Mediating effects, however, were not found. Overall, prosocial characteristics seemed to buffer against reward sensitivity and strengthen self-regulation in several models. The discussion centers on how prosocial individuals might be less prone to risk-taking, and how affiliating with positive peers can offset the effects of heightened reward sensitivity during this crucial developmental period. Thesis University of North Florida UNF adolescent decision-making adolescence young adulthood risk behaviors risk-taking prosocial behaviors prosociality altruism empathy peer affiliation peer influence positive peers prosocial peers Cognitive Psychology Developmental Neuroscience Developmental Psychology
32	Handel, moral och monoteism : Religion och förmoderna handelsnätverk / Trade, Morality and Monotheism : Religion and premodern trade networks Lindbäck, Viktor January 2021 (has links) This essay examines, from a religious psychological perspective and with references to current religious psychological theories, possible connections between religion and long-distance trade in pre-modern societies, with an emphasis on the Silk Road. These possible connections concern both the role of religion in trade itself; for example, in the form of supernatural monitoring and costly signaling of credibility, as well as the role of long-distance trade in the spread and formation of religions. This essay also touches on the historical context in which the Silk Road had its greatest significance for both trade and religion; from the 2nd century BC until the end of the 15th century AD, to shed light on how historical factors such as technology, politics and societal organization interacts and intertwines with religion and trade. / Uppsatsen undersöker utifrån ett religionspsykologiskt perspektiv och aktuell religionspsykologisk teoribildning möjliga samband mellan religion och långväga handel i förmoderna samhällen, med särskild fokus på Sidenvägen. Dessa samband berör såväl religionens roll i själva handeln; till exempel i form av övernaturlig övervakning och kostsam signalering om trovärdighet, som den långväga handelns betydelse i spridning och formering av religioner. Uppsatsen berör också den historiska kontext där Sidenvägen får sin största betydelse för både handel och religion; från 200-talet f.Kr. och fram till 1400-talets slut, för att belysa hur historiska faktorer som teknologi, politik och sammahällsorganisation står i ett ständigt samspel med religion och handel. Silk Road trade networks psychology of religion Axial Age supernatural monitoring supernatural punishment divine reward divine punishmet supernatural reward costly signaling morality prosociality monotheism Big God Sidenvägen handelsnätverk religionspsykologi axialålder axialtid övernaturlig övervakning övernaturlig bestraffning kostsam signalering prosocialt beteende moral monoteism Religious Studies Religionsvetenskap

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Prosociality and Risk: How Risky Decision-Making in Young Adults Relates to Altruistic Tendencies, Empathic Concern, and Prosocial Peer Affiliation

Handel, moral och monoteism : Religion och förmoderna handelsnätverk / Trade, Morality and Monotheism : Religion and premodern trade networks