Black men have the highest burden of prostate cancer (PCa) compared to all other races. Early detection of PCa is controversial, thus preference based PCa testing is recommended. PCa testing intention can be used as a proxy for testing preferences. Intention is known to predict behavior; however there is a gap between testing intention and testing behavior. The aims of this study were to examine the PCa testing intention-prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing gap and identify social cognitive variables that moderate the gap. Two hundred and sixteen black men participated in this longitudinal study. Results indicated PCa testing intention was a positive but moderate predictor of three PSA testing outcomes, p<.05. Men who tested in accordance with their PCa testing intention (positive or negative) ranged from 52% to 58%. Men who intended to test but did not, were the group most responsible for the PCa intention-PSA testing gap. History of PCa testing had an independent main effect on medical claim of a PSA test between time one interview and one year after time one interview, p<.05. A significant knowledge of PCa testing controversy by PCa testing intention interaction effect on medical claim of a PSA test between time one and time two interview was found, p<.05. Men who do not know about the testing controversy are more likely to have a positive intention and fulfill their testing intention. Conversely, men who are aware and appreciate the controversy surrounding testing are more ambivalent about testing. Social cognitive variables were associated with PCa testing intention-PSA testing outcomes. These variables should be considered when designing interventions to help black men to manage their risk for PCa in a manner that is consistent with their testing preferences. / Public Health

The PPP2R2A gene encodes the B55α regulatory subunit of PP2A. Here we report that PPP2R2A is hemizygously lost in ~42% of prostate adenocarcinomas, correlating with reduced expression, poorer prognosis, and an increased incidence of hemizygous loss (>75%) in metastatic disease. Of note, PPP2R2A homozygous loss is less common (5%) and not increased at later tumor stages. Reduced expression of B55α is also seen in prostate tumor tissue and cell lines. Consistent with the possibility that complete loss of PPP2R2A is detrimental in prostate tumors, PPP2R2A deletion in cells with reduced but present B55α reduces cell proliferation by slowing progression through multiple phases in the cell cycle. Remarkably, B55α-low cells also appear addicted to lower B55α expression, as even moderate increases in B55α expression are toxic. Reconstitution of B55α expression in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines with low B55α expression reduces proliferation, inhibits transformation and blocks xenograft tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, we show B55α reconstitution reduces phosphorylation of proteins essential for centrosomal maintenance, and induces centrosome collapse and chromosome segregation failure; a first reported link between B55α/PP2A and the vertebrate centrosome. These effects are dependent on a prolonged metaphase to anaphase checkpoint and are lethal to PCa cells addicted to low levels of B55α. Thus, we propose the reduction in B55α levels associated with hemizygous loss is necessary for centrosomal integrity in PCa cells, leading to selective lethality of B55α reconstitution. Such a vulnerability could be targeted therapeutically in the large pool of patients with hemizygous PPP2R2A deletions, using pharmacologic approaches that enhance PP2A/B55α activity. With that aim and considering the limitations of conventional 2D cell culture in mimicking the tumor environment and predicting drug responses in animal models and humans, we also established 3D organoid cultures of PCa cells and immortalized human prostate epithelial cells (hPrEC) in Matrigel. This allowed us to explore cell to extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. PC3 cells initially form round organoids in Matrigel, followed by an invasive switch to where cell protrusions invade the surrounding ECM. Strikingly, B55α reconstitution, dramatically suppressed rupture of the basement lamina and ECM invasion, while proliferation appeared not affected. Tracking organoid growth at defined time points or using live imaging, shows that protrusions in PC3 organoids are very dynamic and resemble invadopodia. Interestingly, reconstitution of B55α in PC3 organoids just prior the invasive switch results in reduction of invasive leads and those protrusions that appear to initiate keep forming and collapsing, with most organoids remain round. Our previous phosphoproteomics data in 2D culture suggests that cell-to-ECM signaling is likely altered with B55α reconstitution, identifying potential B55α/PP2A substrates among key mediators of integrin signaling. In sum, reconstitution of B55α suppresses invasion in PC3 organoids, possibly by regulating potential B55α substrates in focal adhesion signaling, such as Paxillin and/or Talin. Alternatively, centrosomal defects due to dephosphorylation of B55α substrates (e.g. HAUS6, NEDD1) may cause microtubule defects that preclude invasion. Further studies are required to identify the mechanism. Moreover, because our studies presented above are based on prostate cancer cell lines with undefined genetic alterations, we have immortalized primary human PrEC by a novel approach to generate a cell model to study cooperation of PPP2R2A loss with step-wise introduction of specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor gene alterations in transformation, tumorigenicity and invasion. Our newly develop method combines expression of hTERT, which appears insufficient for immortalization of hPrEC with CDKN2A knockout, which we predicted will prevent stress-induced replicative senescence. We have obtained two independent immortalized clones (hPrEC-T-ΔN2A) using this method and confirmed their identity using PCR and western blot analyses. Although cytogenetic analysis showed these two clones are of mixed population with minor alterations in karyotype, 4 out of 11 cells examined in clone 1 appear completely normal. We also find that the clones exit the cell cycle upon contact inhibition and induce p53 expression when treated with flavopiridol, further supporting that hPrEC-T-ΔN2A clones exhibit the features of normal cells. Characterization in 3D culture reveals that the clones are likely of basal epithelial origin. Finally, soft agar and clonogenic assays show hPrEC-T-ΔN2A clones are highly proliferative but not transformed. We are using these cell models to dissect the role of PPP2R2A depletion in step-wise transformation of immortalized PrEC and hope to develop a defined 3D organoid system to study invasion, which could also be suitable for drug screens. Altogether our work has very significantly advanced our understanding of B55α in suppressing transformation in prostate cancer cells and has developed novel tools for further mechanistic characterization of PPP2R2A haploinsufficiency and the development of potential pharmacologic therapeutic agents. / Biomedical Sciences

Background: Prostate cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States (Siegel et al. 2017). Observational studies of patients with prostate cancer have found associations between diet and prostate cancer severity, but the evidence is inconsistent or inconclusive. The purpose of this thesis is to implement a validated international healthy diet score and evaluate whether or not it is associated with prostate cancer severity. Objective: The objectives of this thesis were: Chapter 1: examine whether an association exists between diet quality, using the validated Healthy Diet Score, and the severity of prostate cancer, and Chapter 2: examine the agreement between two methods of dietary data collection (an abridged FFQ and a longer previously validated FFQ) with respect to macronutrients and main food groups. Methods: We used observational data from the Randomized Intervention for Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Prostate Cancer Patients (RADICAL PC), a multi-centre Canadian prospective cohort study into which men with a new diagnosis of prostate cancer or who were being treated with androgen deprivation therapy were enrolled. To complete objective 1 (Chapter 1) of this dissertation, a cross-sectional analysis was completed using baseline data collected in the RADICAL PC study. In order to evaluate the association of diet with prostate cancer severity, the relationship between the Healthy Diet Score and prostate cancer severity (stage and grade) was assessed. The second objective (Chapter 2) is a comparability sub-study comparing an abridged FFQ with a long, validated FFQ in a subgroup of participant (N=130) enrolled in the RADICAL PC study. Results: Chapter 1: In the cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected in RADICAL PC, a higher diet score was not significantly associated with prostate cancer severity. An association between age and the high-risk prostate cancer category was found to be statistically significant (OR: 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.05, p<0.00). Chapter 2: There was good agreement between the abridged FFQ and long FFQ for carbohydrates, proteins, whole wheat, refined grains, fish, dairy, potatoes, fruits, nuts, and soft drinks (Spearman rank correlation >0.5). Food groups including fried foods, processed meats, vegetables and total fats (nutrients) were found to have moderate correlation (Spearman rank correlation between 0.3-0.5). There was low correlation for legumes, sugars and oils. Bland-Altman plots showed good absolute agreements between the two methods, and reliability test using Spearman’s correlation showed moderate to good correlation (0.45 to 0.75 among most food groups. Conclusion: There was no clear association between a healthier diet and prostate cancer severity in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. There was adequate agreement between the abridged SFFQ and the long FFQ of the expected food groups, and thus the SFFQ can be considered an appropriate tool to use for measuring diet among prostate cancer patients for some food groups and nutrients. / Thesis / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed disease and second most commonly caused death among men in America. Although much controversy surrounds the current methods of detection, PSA test and biopsy, no new methods have been approved as an effective method of detection. Biomarkers and non-invasive means of detection are being investigated everyday in hopes of discovering new information that could be of use in the prostate cancer field. One such non-invasive technology is the use of an electronic nose. The electronic nose technology has been utilized in the agricultural, food, biomedical, and environmental. The objective of this current study is to determine the effectiveness of the electronic nose to discriminate between prostate cancer cells (DU-145 and PC-3) and non-tumor forming cells from the urinary tract (SVHUC). Specific factors that will be investigated are incubation period and cell population. For all three cell lines, two cell populations of 75,000 and 150,000 cells were cultured and tested after 2, 8, 12, and 24 hours using a conducting polymer based hand-held electronic nose. Multivariate analysis was performed on the data and determined that the greatest discrimination between incubation periods was between 2 hours of incubation and the remaining periods of 8, 12, and 24 hour periods. This presents the idea that by 8 hours, ample volatiles were produced to be detected by the electronic nose. Additionally, when compared to one another, all three cell lines showed distinct differences. The cell lines most closely related were PC-3 and DU-145, the prostate cancer cell lines. However some variation was seen between these cell lines, which may be attributed to the presence of PSA in PC-3 cells or other factors affecting prostate cancer patients. Finally, PCA plots clearly illustrated that after 2 hours of incubation, sufficient volatiles were produced to allow the electronic nose to clearly discriminate the three cell lines from one another, demonstrating the importance of incubation period on successful discrimination. Based on the findings that the electronic nose was effective at discriminating the three cell lines, testing was completed to determine if cell population or cell maturity had the greatest effect on discrimination. The cell lines were cultured and tested immediately using an initial cell population of the highest cell population observed after a 72 hour incubation period. The results concluded that when the cell lines were tested immediately after culturing, the Cyranose was able to detect the individual cell lines in culture while also determining a range of detection for each cell line. The range of detection for DU-145 was found to be 26,200 to 262,000 cells based on interclass m-distances of 6.829-9.170 for cell populations lower than 26,200. A range of detection of 51,400 to 514,000 cells was concluded for PC-3 cells based on interclass m-distances of 5.690-7.400 for cell populations lower than 51,400. Finally, the results showed a range of detection of 19,000 to 190,000 cells for SVHUC based on interclass m-distances of 5.520-9.076 for cell populations lower than 19,000. However, when attempting to discriminate the three cell lines against one another immediately after culture, the electronic nose was unable to make clear distinctions between the three cell lines. When testing cancerous and non-cancerous cells, incubation period of the cells should be the only factor considered. It is evident that the cells need time to metabolize and produce volatiles so that the electronic nose can clearly distinguish these cells from one another in culture. / Master of Science

No description available.

Yes / It is now well established that the tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in the survival, growth, invasion, and spread of cancer through the regulation of angiogenesis and localized immune responses. This review examines the role of the HOX genes, which encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors, in the interaction between prostate tumors and their microenvironment. Previous studies have established that HOX genes have an important function in prostate cancer cell survival in vitro and in vivo, but there is also evidence that HOX proteins regulate the expression of genes in the cancer cell that influence the tumor microenvironment, and that cells in the microenvironment likewise express HOX genes that confer a tumor-supportive function. Here we provide an overview of these studies that, taken together, indicate that the HOX genes help mediate cross talk between prostate tumors and their microenvironment.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancers in men. Androgen receptor (AR) is the primary driver of prostate cancer progression, and androgens are the male hormones to activate AR to simulate prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, current therapy focuses on stopping androgen biosynthesis or blocking AR. However, suppression of AR activity by androgen depletion or direct AR antagonist treatment leads to emergence of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis and has been implicated in carcinogenesis including prostate cancer. Its molecular identity remained elusive until 2017 when transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97) was identified as the bona fide sigma-2 receptor. Past studies have shown that σ2R is highly expressed in various mammalian tumor cell lines and TMEM97 was proposed as an oncogene in various cancers. We hypothesized that TMEM97/σ2 receptor regulates the expression and activities of androgen receptor and its variants to promote prostate cancer proliferation, and it can be a novel target of intervention to reduce AR oncogenic signaling in prostate cancer. The goal of this study is to define the role of TMEM97/σ2 receptor in prostate cancer, to unveil the mechanisms of TMEM97-AR interactions, and to explore therapeutic opportunity targeting TMEM97/σ2 receptor.Here we demonstrated that elevated TMEM97/σ2 receptor was found in prostate tumors of higher malignancy and advanced stages, and was associated with reduced survival of prostate cancer patients. Increased expression of TMEM97 enhanced prostate cancer cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and enzalutamide resistance. Knockdown of σ2 receptor expression reduced prostate cancer cell growth and clonogenicity, and sensitized LNCaP and castration resistant 22Rv1 cells towards enzalutamide. There was a positive correlation between TMEM97 and AR expressions in prostate cancers. Sigma-2 receptor knockdown reduced the protein expression of AR and its AR-V7 variant under hormone deprivation condition. Decreased TMEM97 also downregulated AR activities by inhibiting expression of prostate cancer maker genes and AR target genes. Its physical interaction with sigma-1 receptor was noticed, which may contribute to the regulation of AR. Sigma-2 receptor agonist can stimulate AR target genes expressions while antagonist decreased them. In addition, sigma-2 receptor antagonist provided synergism with enzalutamide treatment, showing therapeutic potential to overcome the resistance to current AR-targeted therapies.

Le facteur de transcription Androgen Induced-bZIP (AlbZIP) est un membre de la famille ATF/CREB, plus précisément de la sous-famille CREB3. Sa découverte remonte au début des années 2000 où sa régulation par les androgènes fut démontrée, de même que son expression abondante dans le tissu prostatique. À l'image des facteurs ATF/CREB, AlbZIP possède un domaine d'activation de la transcription en N-terminal, un domaine bZIP et un domaine transmembranaire lui permettant de s'ancrer dans la membrane du reticulum endoplasmique. La structure et la localisation d'AIbZIP suggèrent qu'il puisse être clivé par le mécanisme Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (RIP) un mécanisme de clivage auquel sont soumis des facteurs ATF/CREB tels qu'ATF6. Ce clivage survient suite à un stress du reticulum endoplasmique (RE) qui peut être causé par différents stimuli qui perturbent l'homéostasie du RE. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent l'identification de la fonction d'AIbZIP dans le stress du reticulum endoplasmique des cellules prostatiques cancéreuses. Mes objectifs étaient de découvrir des stimuli capables d'induire son clivage et d'identifier et de caractériser ses cibles transcriptionnelles suite à sa translocation au noyau. J'ai d'abord modifié le système d'expression inductible RheoSwitch et j'ai caractérisé son effet sur les cellules prostatiques cancéreuses LNCaP. Ce système s'est avéré être un outil efficace puisqu'il n'affecte pas le phénotype des LNCaP et il a été essentiel à la réalisation des travaux sur AlbZIP. J'ai ensuite mis en évidence le clivage d'AIbZIP par des agents qui causent une diminution de la concentration calcique au RE. Le système RheoSwitch modifié a permis de produire des cellules exprimant une forme active recombinante d'AIbZIP qui ont servi à la réalisation de micropuces Affymetrix. Ces puces ont permis l'identification des gènes cibles d'AIbZIP tel que le facteur de transcription CREB3. AlbZIP active l'expression de CREB3 par le biais d'éléments de réponse similiares à ERSE et CRE situés dans le promoteur du gène. Lors du traitement des cellules LNCaP avec l'ionophore de calcium A23187, on observe successivement le clivage d'AIbZIP, l'induction de l'expression de CREB3 et son clivage, ce qui suggère une chronologie dans l'activation des deux facteurs. La réponse au stress débute donc avec la forme active d'AIbZIP, suivie d'une co-existence des formes nucléaires d'AIbZIP et CREB3 pour se terminer par la présence de CREB3. CREB3 est en mesure d'activer sa propre transcription. Le stress causé par A23187 est en mesure d'activer AlbZIP et CREB3 qui se trouvent alors seuls ou simultanément au noyau. Il est donc possible qu'ils partagent des cibles communes, tout en ayant leurs cibles uniques, ce qui devra être élucidé pour clarifier leurs rôles respectifs dans la réponse au stress des LNCaP.

La curiethérapie, une forme spécialisée de traitement du cancer, consiste à placer des sources radioactives près ou directement dans la lésion cancéreuse. Un aspect crucial de cette thérapie est le calcul de la dose de radiation. Traditionnellement, ce calcul s'appuie sur un formalisme qui considère l'eau comme milieu de transport, ce qui ne tient pas suffisamment compte des variations dans la composition des tissus du patient et des effets d'atténuation entre sources pour la curiethérapie permanente à faible débit de dose (LDR pour low-dose rate). La méthode Monte Carlo (MC) est la référence pour les calculs de dose avancés en curiethérapie, offrant une solution à ces limites. Cependant, l'application pratique de la méthode MC dans la planification du traitement est limitée par son temps d'exécution relativement lent. Cette thèse explore le potentiel des méthodes d'apprentissage profond (DL pour deep learning) pour surmonter ce défi. Plus précisément, la faisabilité d'utiliser des algorithmes DL pour prédire rapidement et avec précision la distribution de dose volumétrique pour patients de cancer de la prostate traités par la curiethérapie LDR est étudiée. Premièrement, le logiciel TOPAS a été systématiquement validée pour les simulations MC en curiethérapie en comparant les résultats simulés avec les données de référence TG-186 publiées. Le spectre d'énergie d'émission de photons, l'air-kerma strength et la constante de débit de dose de la source générique $^{192}$Ir MBDCA-WG ont été extraits. Pour les calculs de dose, un estimateur de longueur de trajectoire a été validé. Les quatre cas de test du groupe de travail MBDCA-WG AAPM/ESTRO/ABG ont été évalués. Un cas de prostate, un cas palliatif de poumon et un cas de sein ont été simulés. L'air-kerma strength et la constante de débit de dose étaient respectivement à 0,3% et 0,01% des valeurs de référence. Pour tous les cas de test, 96,9% des voxels avaient des différences de dose locales dans une plage de ±1%, tandis que les différences de dose globales concernaient 99,9% des voxels dans une plage de ±0,1%. Les histogrammes dose-volume des cas cliniques étaient cohérents avec les données de référence. TOPAS offre un accès étendu à un code MC de pointe pour les simulations en curiethérapie. Deuxièmement, un modèle DL à source unique entraîné avec des simulations MC comme référence a été proposé pour prédire avec précision les distributions de dose dans le milieu (D$_\textup{M,M}$ pour dose to medium in medium) en curiethérapie prostatique LDR. Des connaissances antérieures ont été incluses dans le réseau sous forme de noyau r$^2$ lié à l'inverse de la dépendance de dose de premier ordre en curiethérapie. Les caractéristiques du modèle montraient une représentation anisotrope tenant compte des organes du patient et de leurs interfaces, de la position de la source et des régions de faible et haute dose. La métrique CTV D$_{90}$ prédite présentait une différence moyenne de -0,1% par rapport au calcul basé sur MC. La prédiction d'un volume D$_\textup{M,M}$ complet de 1,18 M de voxels se réalise en 1,8 ms. Le modèle DL proposé représente donc un algorithme de calcul extrêmement rapide et simplifié, intégrant des connaissances physiques préexistantes pertinentes à la curiethérapie. Ce modèle est conçu pour tenir compte des caractéristiques anisotropes d'une source de curiethérapie et de la composition spécifique des tissus du patient, garantissant une approche précise et adaptée des calculs de dose. Enfin, deux algorithmes DL prédictifs de dose à plusieurs sources ont été validés pour la curiethérapie prostatique LDR. Les données de référence prenaient en compte les effets d'atténuation entre les sources et une définition des matériaux basée sur les organes du patient. De plus, les incertitudes aléatoires (associées aux données d'entrée) et épistémiques (associées au modèle) des modèles DL ont été évaluées. Les résultats ont montré que la métrique D$_{90}$ de la prostate prédite présentait une différence de -0,64% et de 0,08% pour les modèles UNet et ResUNet TSE, respectivement. Les deux modèles DL prédisaient un volume de dose de 2,56 M de voxels (128×160×128) en 4 ms. L'incertitude dérivée est quantifiable et interprétable, mettant en évidence les régions où les modèles DL pourraient rencontrer des difficultés pour fournir des estimations précises de dose. L'analyse de l'incertitude est un outil précieux pour une évaluation approfondie, améliorant le processus d'évaluation des modèles de prédiction de dose. De plus, cette analyse fournit des informations critiques sur la performance du modèle, identifiant les domaines d'amélioration potentielle et garantissant une application plus fiable dans un contexte clinique. / Brachytherapy, a specialized form of cancer treatment, involves the placement of radioactive sources near or directly within the cancerous lesion. A critical aspect of this therapy is the calculation of radiation dose. Traditionally, this calculation relies on a water-based formalism, which does not adequately account for variations in patient tissue compositions and interseed effects in low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy. The Monte Carlo (MC) method is the gold standard for advanced dose calculations in brachytherapy, offering a solution to these limitations. However, the practical application of the MC method in treatment planning is hindered by its relatively slow execution time. This thesis explores the potential of deep learning (DL) methods to overcome this challenge. Specifically, it investigates the feasibility of using DL algorithms to accurately predict the volumetric dose distribution in LDR prostate brachytherapy patients, aiming to streamline the treatment planning process while maintaining the precision of dose calculations. Firstly, the TOPAS MC toolkit was systematically validated for brachytherapy simulations by comparing simulated results with published TG-186 reference data. The photon emission energy spectrum, the air-kerma strength, and the dose-rate constant of the MBDCA-WG generic $^{192}$Ir source were extracted. For dose calculations, a track-length estimator was implemented. The four Joint AAPM/ESTRO/ABG MBDCA-WG test cases were evaluated. A prostate, a palliative lung, and a breast case were simulated. The air-kerma strength and dose-rate constant were within 0.3% and 0.01% of the reference values, respectively. For all test cases, 96.9% of voxels had local dose differences within ±1%. On the other hand, the global dose difference histograms had 99.9% of voxels within ±0.1%. Dose-volume histograms of clinical cases were consistent with the reference data. Overall, TOPAS provides access to a state-of-the-art MC code for brachytherapy simulations. Secondly, a single-seed DL model trained with MC simulations as the gold standard was built to predict accurate single-seed dose to medium in medium (D$_\textup{M,M}$) distributions in LDR prostate brachytherapy. Existing knowledge was included in the network as an r$^2$ kernel related to the inverse of the first-order dose dependency in brachytherapy. DL model features showed an anisotropic representation that considered the patient organs and their interfaces, the source position, and the low- and high-dose regions. The predicted CTV D$_{90}$ metric had an average difference of -0.1% with respect to the MC-based calculation. The single-seed DL model takes 1.8 ms to predict a complete 3D D$_\textup{M,M}$ volume of 1.18 M voxels. The proposed DL model represents a streamlined and rapid computational engine, incorporating pre-existing physics knowledge pertinent to brachytherapy. This engine is designed to consider the anisotropic characteristics of a brachytherapy source and the specific composition of patient tissues, ensuring an accurate, fast, and tailored approach to dose calculations. Lastly, two multi-seed DL-based predictive dose algorithms were trained for LDR prostate brachytherapy. Ground truth data considered interseed effects and an organ-based material assignment. Additionally, the aleatoric (associated with the input data) and epistemic (associated with the model) uncertainties of the DL models were assessed. Results showed that the predicted prostate D$_{90}$ metric had a difference of -0.64% and 0.08% for the UNet and ResUNet TSE models, respectively. Both DL models predicted a 3D dose volume of 2.56 M voxels (128×160×128) in 4 ms. The derived uncertainty is quantifiable and interpretable, highlighting regions where DL models might face challenges in delivering precise dose estimations. The uncertainty analysis is a valuable tool for a thorough evaluation, enhancing the assessment process of the dose prediction models. This analysis provides critical insights into the model's performance, pinpointing areas for potential improvement and ensuring a more reliable application in clinical settings.

Les propriétés de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) incluant la rigidité et la composition sont modifiées avec la progression tumorale dans le cancer de la prostate (PCa). De plus, ces propriétés affectent le risque de métastase des tumeurs. Toutefois, l'évolution de la composition dans la MEC tumorale n'est toujours pas caractérisée. Ce manquement dans la théorie impacte l'efficacité des thérapies actuelles. Ainsi, ce projet a pour but de caractériser l'évolution de la composition de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) tumorale et d'évaluer l'impact conjoint de la rigidité et la composition sur la réponse des cellules en fonction de leur potentiel invasif. La composition en collagène (COL) et en fibronectine (FN) de tissus prostatiques murins cancéreux a été analysée. De plus, la réponse cellulaire à des matrices de différentes rigidités et compositions en COL et FN a été quantifiée en utilisant des lignées cellulaires à potentiel invasif variable. L'expression protéique des intégrines de surface de ces lignées a aussi été étudiée. Nos résultats démontrent une augmentation de l'expression de COL dans les tissus possédant des microinvasions et un maintien du ratio COL/FN tissulaire à bas potentiel invasif. De plus, les cellules invasives et non-invasives ont des réponses cellulaires plus importantes en présence d'une matrice de COL ou de FN respectivement. Les cellules localement invasives ont un phénotype intermédiaire répondant aux deux types de matrice. Les cellules ont une amplification de leur réponse à la rigidité lorsqu'en présence de leur matrice de prédilection. De ce fait, ces résultats démontrent un impact conjoint des propriétés de la MEC sur la réponse cellulaire selon leur potentiel invasif. Toutefois, l'expression des intégrines de surface ne semble pas être la cause de cette réponse différentielle. Ainsi, il serait possible d'utiliser l'évolution des propriétés de la MEC caractérisées pour développer de nouvelles techniques de pronostic.