Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Men's health nowadays has been addressed in some studies. This follows from the morbidity and mortality increase that has affected this population. Among deaths due to external causes, suicide is the third leading cause of death that affects men. Given these findings, this research aims to comprehend the reasons why the suicide attempt in male alcohol and/or other drugs users. This is a qualitative, Sociological phenomenological perspective based on the theoretical and methodological framework of Alfred Schütz, held at the Center for Psychosocial Care of Alcohol and Drug (CPC - Ad) "Paths of the Sun" in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Research subjects were male adults, aged from 24 to 50 year old, alcohol and/or other drugs users, attempted suicide and who were undergoing treatment in this service. Data collection occurred in December 2011, through the phenomenological interview, recorded, which was closed after the 11th meeting empathic when they realized the sufficiency of meanings. We developed the analysis and interpretation of the testimonies, which were used by authors elaborate the steps of national nursing field references on Phenomenological Sociology of Alfred Schütz. We respected ethics, according to Resolution N º 196/96 of the National Health Board in the comprehensive analysis of typical action of the men who carried out the suicide attempt, three categories were revealed concrete: Suicide attempt for alcohol and other drugs use revealed that the use, dependence and withdrawal symptoms of alcohol and other drugs use and various circumstances of the biographical situation experienced contributed to the suicidal action; Suicide Attempt for world situations in the family life - related to biographic situation of men in everyday family life, interpersonal relations in this troubled context, constituted by the lack of attention, dialogue, listening and dependence on alcohol and other drugs that contributed to these men feel like a nuisance to the family; Suicide Attempt for experienced feelings in daily life - presented verbalization of distress feelings, externalized through the consciousness of men to carry out the suicide attempt, which were: low self-esteem, difficulty verbalizing anguish, guilt, cowardice, weakness, rejection, heartbreak, loneliness, sadness and hopelessness in relation to meaning in life. It is hoped that this study will provide grants to health care professionals so that they understand the motives that lead individuals, especially men, to suicidal action and thus, develop strategies for suicide prevention. / A saúde masculina nos últimos anos vem sendo abordada em alguns estudos. Isto decorre do aumento da morbimortalidade que tem acometido esta população. Entre os óbitos por causas externas, o suicídio é a terceira maior causa de morte que atinge os homens. Em virtude desses achados, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os motivos porque da tentativa de suicídio em homens usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica, na perspectiva do referencial teórico-filosófico da Sociologia Fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz, realizada no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS Ad) Caminhos do Sol no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram homens adultos, na faixa etária de 24 a 50 anos, usuários e/ou dependentes de álcool e outras drogas que tentaram suicídio e que realizavam tratamento nesse serviço. A coleta das informações ocorreu no mês de dezembro de 2011, por meio da entrevista fenomenológica, gravada, a qual foi encerrada após onze encontros, quando se percebeu a convergência nos discursos. Foi desenvolvida a análise e interpretação compreensiva dos depoimentos, na qual foram utilizados os passos elaborados por autores da área de enfermagem que são referências nacionais da Sociologia Fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz. Foram respeitados os aspectos éticos, conforme Resolução Nº 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Na análise compreensiva do típico da ação dos homens que realizaram a tentativa de suicídio, foram desveladas três categorias concretas: Tentativa de suicídio pelo uso de álcool e outras drogas revelou que o consumo, a dependência e os sintomas da abstinência de álcool e outras drogas e as diversas circunstâncias da situação biográfica vivida contribuíram para a ação suicida; Tentativa de suicídio pelas situações do mundo da vida familiar relacionou a situação biográfica dos homens no cotidiano da vida familiar, relações intersubjetivas conturbadas neste âmbito, constituídas pela falta de atenção, diálogo, escuta e a dependência de álcool e outras drogas, que contribuíram para estes homens sentirem-se como um incômodo para a família; Tentativa de suicídio por sentimentos vividos no cotidiano apresentou sentimentos de aflição, externalizada por meio da consciência dos homens ao realizar a tentativa de suicídio, os quais foram: baixa autoestima, dificuldades para verbalizar angústias, culpa, covardia, fraqueza, não aceitação, decepções amorosas, solidão, tristeza e desesperança em relação ao sentido na vida. Espera-se que o presente estudo forneça subsídios aos profissionais de saúde para que estes compreendam os motivos que levam os homens à ação suicida e, desta maneira, elaborar estratégias de prevenção ao suicídio.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, chez l’adolescent, les mécanismes psychopathologiques et psychologiques impliqués dans la co-occurrence de comportements antisociaux et de conduites de consommation et responsables de la « pathologisation » de la consommation de substances psychoactives, par l’adoption conjointe d’une approche centrée sur la personne et centrée sur les variables et la mise en place d’un dispositif d’étude multi-échantillons. Ainsi, cette recherche comporte trois volets : 1) une étude en milieu scolaire menée auprès de 1025 collégiens âgés de 12 ans à 16 ans, 2) une étude en milieu psychiatrique menée auprès de 168 adolescents suivis ou hospitalisés pour un trouble externalisé ou internalisé, âgés de 12 ans à 18 ans, et 3) une étude en addictologie menée auprès de 43 adolescents abuseurs/dépendants à une substance psychoactive, âgés de 12 ans à 18 ans. Un protocole d’évaluation pluri-source (adolescents, parents, enseignants) a permis d’évaluer les comportements antisociaux, les conduites de consommation, les conduites à risques, les troubles et symptômes externalisés et internalisés (et les antécédents de troubles), la personnalité, le stress perçu et les stratégies de coping de ces adolescents. Ce dispositif a permis de montrer que les adolescents les plus susceptibles d’associer ces deux comportements et d’adopter des conduites de consommation à risques présentent des difficultés à la fois relationnelles (faible coopération, trouble oppositionnel avec provocation, faible transcendance), émotionnelles (symptômes dépressifs, troubles internalisés, intolérance à la frustration, stress perçu dans le domaine scolaire ou dans la relation aux parents, stratégies d’adaptation dysfonctionnelles) et comportementales (forte recherche de nouveauté, comorbidité TDAH/TOP). La pathologisation des conduites de consommation relèvent d’enjeux similaires à l’adoption de conduites de consommation à risques. Néanmoins, le risque de pathologisation serait d’autant plus important que les enjeux émotionnels et relationnels relèvent de manifestations tempéramentales (faible dépendance à la récompense sociale). En termes de prévention des conduites de consommation à l’adolescence et de leur pathologisation, il paraît primordial de bien distinguer ces différents niveaux de vulnérabilité (psychopathologique, psychologique, tempéramentaux, adaptatif). / This work aims to study, among adolescents, the psychopathological and psychological mechanisms involved in the co-occurrence of antisocial behaviors and psychoactive substance use and in the “pathologizing” of psychoactive substance use through a person-centered and a variable-centered approach and based on a multi-sample plan. This research focus on: 1) 1 025 middle and high school students aged between 12 to 16 years old, 2) 168 inpatients and outpatients adolescents aged between 12 to 18 years old, and 3) 43 psychoactive substance abusers/dependent adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. A multi-source assessment (adolescents, parents, teachers) was used to collect information about adolescents’ antisocial behaviors, psychoactive substance use, risk-taking behaviors, past and present externalized and internalized disorders and symptoms, personality, perceived stress and coping strategies. The results show that adolescents are most likely to associate antisocial behaviors and psychoactive substances use and to have a risky psychoactive substance use when they present both relational problems (low cooperation, oppositional defiant disorder, low transcendence), emotional difficulties (depressive symptoms, internalizing disorder, intolerance to frustration, perceived stress in school and in relationships with parents, dysfunctional coping strategies) and behavioral dysregulation (high novelty seeking, ADHD/ODD comorbidity). Mechanisms involved in the pathologizing of psychoactive substance use are similar to the adoption of risky psychoactive substance use. Nevertheless, the risk of pathologizing is all the more important when emotional and relational problems are temperamental expression (low social reward dependence). In terms of prevention of risky psychoactive substance use in adolescence and of its pathologizing, it seems important to distinguish between these different levels of vulnerability (psychopathological, psychological, temperamental, adaptative).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA FABIANA DE JESUS.pdf: 773191 bytes, checksum: 3cdc187d104c5386a34a5fb2058b7d9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-07 / Currently, an increase of offers and psychoactive substance search is verified, and observes an increase of institutions of assistance to this demand. The present researce approaches the attendance institutions the toxicodependentes in the Valley of the Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil and has as objective to describe and to argue the method of attendance adopted for the institutions, from the approach of the responsible ones. It is used semi-directed interview, the used method is content analysis and is searched ten institutions. The presence of formerdependents in the team and the regimen of internment predominates. It is marcante the lack of professionals of the health area and of professionals with formation in chemical dependence and 60% of the institutions they are therapeutical communities. It prevails, as attendance method, the work, disciplines it and the espiritualidade. It does not have evaluation of results and the goal is the abstinence. It has little systematic control by means of the competent agencies and the institutions do not fulfill minimum requirements for its functioning. However, exactly with the financial difficulties, lack of resources as well as of qualified professionals, these institutions promote cares to put in a home, feeding, hygiene and adaptation to a routine. Given the complexity in the field of the drogadependência, it is suggested diversity of treatment and intervention options / Atualmente, verifica-se um aumento de oferta e de procura de substâncias psicoativas, e observa-se um aumento de instituições de assistência a essa demanda. A presente pesquisa aborda as instituições de atendimento a toxicodependentes no Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brasil e tem como objetivo descrever e discutir o método de atendimento adotado pelas instituições, a partir do enfoque dos dirigentes. Utiliza-se a entrevista semi-dirigida, o método usado é análise de conteúdo e são pesquisadas dez instituições. Predomina a presença de exdependentes na equipe e o regime de internação. É marcante a carência de profissionais da área de saúde e de profissionais com formação em dependência química e 60% das instituições são comunidades terapêuticas. Prevalece, como método de atendimento, o trabalho, a disciplina e a espiritualidade. Não há avaliação de resultados e a meta é a abstinência. Há pouco controle sistemático por meio dos órgãos competentes e as instituições não cumprem requisitos indicados para o seu funcionamento. Contudo, mesmo com as dificuldades financeiras, falta de recursos bem como de profissionais qualificados, essas instituições promovem cuidados asilares, alimentação, higiene e adaptação a uma rotina. Dada a complexidade no campo da drogadependência, sugere-se a diversidade de opções de intervenção e de tratamento