The aim of this study is to examine the extent of women representation in the Councils of the Local Municipalities in the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality in the North West, Province of South Africa. The specific objectives of the study are to investigate the ratio of women representation at both the political and administrative structures of the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality; and examine the factors which inhibit the realization of the women quotas at the District Municipality level. This is an empirical study which utilized both the qualitative and quantitative approaches in the collection and analysis of data. The study identifies the extent of women representation and establishes that there is insufficient women representation in general within local governance in South Africa and in the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality in particular. As a consequence, although the critical legislative and policy has been enacted, presentation of women in local governance still remains a challenge. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.(Development Studies) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

Thesis advisor: Cynthia L. Lyerly / This study is based on the premise that navigating boundaries of the self is a historical, ideological process. Up until the turn of the century, categories of race, class, and gender were seen as fixed constructions that grounded individual selves within non-negotiable spheres. The advent of modernity, however, witnessed a number of political, economic, and social changes. Reformers in the early 1900s were thus able to renegotiate the structures of American public life, using education as their primary means. By combining accepted, unifying, pragmatic principles with more radical ideas of social revolution, John Dewey, Jane Addams, and W.E.B. Du Bois were able to rethink class, gender, and race and thereby attempt to mold anew the identity of the American public. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-10-07T12:59:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YARA HILÁRIO MEDEIROS PEIXOTO.pdf: 1360889 bytes, checksum: f4d89193fb7a8335072f6346f25b42f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-07T12:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YARA HILÁRIO MEDEIROS PEIXOTO.pdf: 1360889 bytes, checksum: f4d89193fb7a8335072f6346f25b42f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / This work examines the principle of human dignity and the basic sanitation public policies of the State of Goiás. The dignity of the human person is the essential core of human rights. And, in principle, only exists for those who enjoy a good quality of life. The Federal Constitution of 1988 created several mechanisms to ensure the access of the population to a minimum on the this a dignified life, guaranteeing to all persons the right to education, health, work, leisure, security, social security, maternity and childhood protection and assistance to the destitute, as social rights designed to ensure a good quality of life. Basic sanitation policies geared towards the improvement of the physical environment where the human person habits, aiming at creating better health conditions and ensure the life and health of the habitants of a particular location. The Magna Carta, in articles 182 and 183, says urban policy to develop in harmony among civilian entities and popular yearnings, guaranteeing fundamental rights to housing, better public sanitation, health, among others, in order to achieve collective quality of life, and that the property meets the urban social function, in accordance with their complementary Plan Director of municipality, which must be guided by the principle of conservation of urban and natural environments of the city, in addition to ensuring that natural resources are used properly by present and future generations, in an ecologically balanced space. The law 11,445/2007 establishes national guidelines for basic sanitation, identifying themselves with the National Urban Policy, the status of the city, Law/2001, which has 10,257 matters of tax order, urban, environmental and legal that should guide any master plan. However, according to the IBGE (2010), most neighborhoods in the city of Aparecida de Goiânia do not have sewage network, coexisting the use of septic tanks, regulated or not, tanks and artesian wells. The city of Goiânia appears in 26th position in the ranking of the Institute comes to Brazil, in terms of sanitation, where 100% of the population is supplied with treated water and 76% with sewage. / Este trabalho analisa o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e as políticas públicas de saneamento básico do Estado de Goiás. A dignidade da pessoa humana é o núcleo essencial dos direitos humanos. E, como princípio, só existe aos que gozam de boa qualidade de vida. A Constituição Federal de 1988 criou vários mecanismos para assegurar o acesso da população ao patrimônio mínimo destinado a permitir a esta uma vida digna, garantindo a todas as pessoas o direito à educação, saúde, trabalho, lazer, segurança, previdência social, proteção à maternidade e à infância e assistência aos desamparados, como direitos sociais destinados a assegurar uma boa qualidade de vida. O saneamento básico corresponde às políticas voltadas à melhoria do meio físico onde a pessoa humana habita, visando criar melhores condições de salubridade e assegurar a vida e a saúde dos habitantes de determinada localidade. A Carta Magna, nos artigos 182 e 183, diz que a Política Urbana se desenvolva em harmonia entre entidades civis e anseios populares, garantindo direitos fundamentais à moradia, melhores serviços públicos de saneamento básico, saúde, entre outros, a fim de alcançar qualidade de vida coletiva e, que, o imóvel urbano atenda à função social, nos termos complementares do respectivo Plano Diretor do município, que deve ser guiado pelo princípio da conservação dos ambientes urbano e naturais da cidade, além de garantir que os recursos naturais sejam utilizados adequadamente pelas presentes e futuras gerações, em um espaço ecologicamente equilibrado. A Lei 11.445/2007 estabelece as diretrizes nacionais para o saneamento básico, identificando-se com a Política Nacional Urbana, no Estatuto da Cidade, Lei 10.257/2001, que possui matérias de ordem tributária, urbana, jurídica e ambiental que devem nortear qualquer Plano Diretor. Todavia, conforme informações do IBGE (2010), a maioria dos bairros do município de Aparecida de Goiânia ainda não possuem rede de esgoto, coexistindo a utilização de fossas sépticas, reguladas ou não, cisternas e poços artesianos. Já a cidade de Goiânia aparece na 26ª posição do ranking do Instituto Trata Brasil, no quesito saneamento básico, onde 100% da população é abastecida com água tratada e 76% com esgoto.

This thesis notes that there is a lack of systematic research investigating segregation patterns based on how public space is used and frequented by citizens. In order for understanding of urban segregation to reach beyond residential segregation, the extent to which public space facilitates co-presence between social groups is a key issue. The main concern in this thesis is to arrive at a deeper understanding of the critical role urban form plays in terms of co-presence in public space and in extension for social segregation. The argument builds on knowledge from other fields, arguing that co-presence is of utmost importance for societal processes: by sharing space and being co-present with others, which does not necessarily imply focused interaction, we gain information and knowledge from our fellow citizens and participate in processes that negotiate social structures, acceptable behaviours and identities. The sharing of space thus becomes a central part of ‘being in society’. It is furthermore through public space that material urban resources are accessible, an access that is dependent on both the location of the amenities in space but also the distribution of space, as structured and shaped by urban form, which creates the actual experience of access through space. Segregation is primarily defined as a social problem. However, in this thesis, it is made clear that it is also a spatial problem. While also broadening the conceptualisation of segregation, the main focus has been upon the role of the built environment. The socio-spatial link builds on social theories. However, these theories are weak when it comes to explaining where co-presence occurs. Addressing the spatial side of the problem, the thesis primarily builds on the architectural theory of space syntax that exactly aims to study the space-society relationship from the viewpoint of space and provides empirical evidence for the correspondence between urban form – as it is shaped by urban design and architecture – and the creation of co-presence as well as variations in its intensity and its constitution. In addition, key questions such as what people may have access to ‘just around the corner’ in terms of human resources or other urban amenities are elaborated. The distinct variations found between neighbourhoods are argued both to enrich the discussion on social exclusion and unequal living conditions and inform future urban planning and design. The thesis demonstrates that specific configurational properties have great impact on the pattern of co-presence. More specifically, it is found that a segregation of public space, a limited spatial reach and an uneven distribution of spatial centrality appears not to favour an exchange between neighbourhoods or access to urban resources across the city – findings that are highly critical for the urban segregation issue. Detailed configurational analysis of Stockholm reveals the performative aspects of different urban layouts related not only to local circumstances and character but, more importantly, to the further context of such layouts. Increased knowledge of how spatial configuration relates to social practices offers new insight into how different neighbourhoods and urban layouts perform socially and increases understanding of the social implications of spatial configuration. The findings of this study are argued to open up theoretical developments that address the social and political dimension of urban design with greater precision. Not least, this knowledge can influence public debate. The knowledge produced can furthermore be used in urban design practice and anti-segregation initiatives, identifying whether spatial interventions can make a contribution and if so, what physical interventions respond to the social ends in question, where the ultimate aim is an urban design that not only builds cities but societies too. / <p>QC 20131108</p>

This thesis analyses the process of social construction of women's citizenship rights in Peru under the regime of Alberto Fujimori (1990--2000). It builds on an existing body of literature on democratization and women's movements in Latin America, to develop an understanding of the forms of women's mobilization under new democratic regimes and the impact of the pattern of state-society relations on the advancements and losses in women's citizenship rights. More specifically, it shows that the 1990s witnessed a significant range of advances in women's civil and political rights, while social and economic rights suffered serious reversals. It is argued that the strategies and opportunities of different sectors of the women's movement in Peru, as well as the objectives pursued by the state under Fujimori's rule, combined to generate this evolution of women's citizenship. The forms of mobilization of these different sectors followed the course of their own constraints and choices, while they were also importantly shaped by the broader political framework: a neopopulist model of political rule together with the implementation of a neoliberal program of structural adjustment and liberalization. The influence of a set of international factors also contributed to structuring the political incentives and resources of the different actors involved in the social construction of women's citizenship in Peru. The thesis concludes that the democratic or authoritarian nature of the political regime as such cannot explain the pattern of construction of women's citizenship rights, as witnessed by an increased space of women in the public sphere and advances in civil and political rights under the restricted version of political democracy which characterized most of Fujimori's rule. Contrary to the literature on other Latin American women's movements, which detected a marginalization of women's movements in the political sphere following the transitions to d

The space of appearance emerges from the practice of speech and action in the presence of others. Although it predates the public sphere as a formal construction, it exists in the context of a particular place. With the transformation of the ancien regime and the emergence of the bourgeois public sphere, the meaning of public and private was obscured by the rise of the 'social.' The public realm was transformed from a space of disclosure to a realm defined by the necessities of survival---a process by which speech and action lost much of their former power. In the spectacular relations of the ancien regime, public ritual revolved around the royal bed. Through the analogy of language and architecture, seventeenth-century aristocratic women defined new patterns of social practice. In the convergence of the spectacular relations of the court and the world of letters, a space of appearance arose. At the turn of the century, Salon discourse moved from the daybed to the sofa of Rococo salons. Responding to emerging dichotomies, discourse, architecture and Salon practice took on gendered implications. Its decline as a space of appearance coincided with the emergence of the boudoir. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This thesis explored the relationship between community adult education and social action. The study investigated how LEAD (Leadership Education for Action and Development), a non-governmental organisation based in the Western Cape, has empowered women to assume leadership and take social action in their communities. / South Africa

This study investigates the women in decision-making positions in the South African Defence Force (SANDF), with a special focus on the Human Resources Division. The Security Sector, a previously male-dominated sector, is investigated. The environment, the enabling qualities, policy formulation, implementation of gender-sensitive policies, monitoring of the implementation of gender policies and opportunities are explored to investigate their impact on decision-making by women. This research report is based on the hypothesis that, despite the appointment of women in key-decision-making positions, their role in these positions does not make an impact on their overall decision-making, as they are not empowered to perform at their best due to various factors that are analysed in this report. Factors that contribute to or impede impactful decision-making by women in decision-making positions in the Security Sector are investigated in this report. This report acknowledges the efforts made by the SANDF to comply with the required legislation for the empowerment of women in decision-making positions. However the environment, stereotypes and other factors pose a challenge to the impact that women potentially have in decision-making positions. The number of women in decision-making positions poses a challenge to the influence that these appointed women can have in their positions.

abstract: New communication technologies have undoubtedly altered the ways in which persons interact and have had a profound impact on public life. Engaging this impact, much of the scholarly literature has focused on how these interfaces mediate interaction however, less is known about technology's modulating effects. The current project moves beyond mediation, underscoring how social relations are not only activated by technology, but are actuated by these interfaces. Through an extended case study of Portals, gold shipping containers equipped with audio-visual technology that put persons in digital face-to-face interaction with others around the globe, the current project engages such actuation, highlighting how the co-mingling of affect and technology generate new ways of noticing, living and thinking through the complex relationships of public life. The human/technology relations mediated/modulated by the Portal produce unique atmospheres that activate/actuate public space and blur the boundaries between public and private. Additionally, the atmospheres of the Portal generate a digital co-presence that allows for user/participants to feel with their interlocutors. This “feeling with” suspends user/participants in atmospheres of human connection through the emergence of an imaginative dialogue, and the curating of such atmospheres leads to dialogic transformation. As such, the Portal operates as an atmospheric interface. Engaging the concept of atmosphere attunes those interested in new communication technologies to the complex gatherings these technologies create, and the potentialities and pitfalls of these emerging interfaces on public life. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication Studies 2019

There has been lately a rich amount of articles highlighting the incoherent nature of theterm social sustainability and what it really means in an urban practice. Some argues for anincreased knowledge about the relation between social aspects and the physicalenvironment in order to better enhance the social dimension. The normative- and designoriented concepts human scale, the city at eye-level and public life may clarify the role ofdesign to accomplish desired social aspects.The aim of this thesis is to investigate how these concepts may provide a way to approachsocial sustainability with a focus on the public realm. Further aim is to identify problems andopportunities in the implementation phase since the often occurring gap between vision andpractice. The strategy is to create guidelines from theoretical understanding of the conceptsbased on a literature study and examine how these may relate to a created conceptualframework of social sustainability. Afterwards the guidelines are used to evaluate three caseexamples; the renewal of Rosengård, Malmö; the development of Järla Sjö, Nacka and thedevelopment of Prästviken, Botkyrka, regarding their fulfillment of the concepts. Knowledgeabout the case examples are mainly gathered from interviews by practitioners involved inabove mentioned projects and also function as an insight of general implementation issues.The results show that human scale, the city at eye-level and public life promote severaldesign inputs with effects on the functionality and experience of the public realm andargued social impact on safety &amp; security, sense of belonging, social interaction and wellbeing. However these impacts may only be indicated and the concepts fail to acknowledgethe political dimension of social sustainability. Further the possibility to implement thedesign implications depend on geographical location, project driving forces and the nature ofthe builder / En betydande andel av nyligen publicerad forskningsartiklar framhäver en syn på socialhållbarhet som ett osammanhängande begrepp med liten koppling till innerbörden ipraktiken. Vissa argumenterar för vikten av en ökad kunskap om kopplingen mellan socialaaspekter och den fysiska omgivningen för att bättre framhäva den sociala dimensionen.Möjligen kan dem normativa och design orienterade begreppen human scale, the city at eyeleveloch public life klargöra designens roll i uppfyllandet av önskvärda sociala aspekter.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur koncepten kan utgöra etttillvägagångssätt för att närma sig social hållbarhet. Vidare syfte är att identifiera problemoch möjligheter i implementeringsfasen eftersom det ofta förekommer ett gap mellan visionoch praktik. Strategin är att skapa riktlinjer från teoretisk förståelse av begreppen baserat påen litteraturundersökning och analysera hur dessa relaterar till ett sammanställt teoretisktramverk av social hållbarhet. Efteråt utvärderas tre exempelfall; områdesförnyelse iRosengård, Malmö; bostadsprojektet Järla Sjö, Nacka och bostadsprojektet Prästviken,Botkyrka, utifrån riktlinjerna gällande deras uppfyllande av koncepten. Kunskap omexempelfallen insamlas i huvudsak från intervjuer av verksamma personer inom projektenoch fungerar också som en insikt om generella implementeringsfrågor.Resultaten visar att human scale, the city at eye-level och public life förespråkar designimplikationer med effekter på funktionaliteten och upplevelsen av det offentliga rummetmed påstådd påverkan på trygghet &amp; säkerhet, tillhörighet, social interaktion ochvälmående. Emellertid kan denna påverkan endast indikeras och koncepten misslyckas atthandskas med den politiska dimensionen av social hållbarhet. Vidare beror möjligheten attimplementera koncepten på geografiskt läge, drivkrafter inom projekten och byggherrensnatur. / Social hållbarhet,human skala, staden i ögonnivå, offentligt liv