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Essa pesquisa abordou a relação da boemia com a cidade, mais especificamente com trechos dos bairros Centro Histórico e Cidade Baixa em Porto Alegre. Valendo-se de um ferramental teórico-metodológico que defende que a experiência de pesquisa do urbanista se dê pelo cruzamento de diferentes saberes e, além disso, que defende também a importância da ida a campo, exploramos a relação da boemia com a cidade sob dois grandes eixos: (a) através do processo de construção de lugares e (b) enxergando a própria boemia tanto como uma forma de vida pública da noite relacionada à diversão das pessoas, quanto também como um imaginário construído. A partir de fragmentos colhidos na pesquisa de campo foram construídas narrativas a partir das quais evidenciamos como: (a) o processo de construção de lugares é intimamente ligado a experiências-vivências de sujeitos e coletividades que resultam em memórias e afetos; além disso, mostramos como em paralelo existem também processos de subjetivação e de valorização, todos eles ligados a materialidade dos espaços urbanos; (b) como o termo/imaginário/ideia de boemia se renova por um conjunto de práticas contemporâneas, misturados com sobrevivências de outros tempos e lugares em que a ideia de boemia se constituiu. Por fim, abordamos também questões ligadas ao próprio fazer dessa pesquisa, buscando compartilhar aprendizados obtidos e na defesa de um conhecimento fragmentário como um importante caminho para um urbanismo em que a sensibilidade possa entrar no jogo de análise espacial. / This research approached the relation of boemia with the city, more specifically with sections of the districts Centro Histórico and Cidade Baixa in Porto Alegre. Using a theoretical-methodological tool that advocates that the urbanist's research experience must be based on the cross-fertilization of different knowledge and, in addition, that also defends the importance of field research, we explore the relationship between bohemia and the city under two major axes: (a) through the process of building places and (b) seeing the bohemia itself as both a public form of public life at night related to the amusement of people, and also as a constructed imaginary. From the fragments collected in the field research were constructed narratives from which we show: (a) how the process of building places is intimately linked to the experiences of subjects and collectivities that result in memories and affections; In addition, we show how in parallel there are also processes of subjectivation and valorization, all linked to the materiality of urban spaces; (b) how the term / imaginary / idea of bohemia is renewed by a set of contemporary practices, mixed with survivors of other times and places in which the idea of bohemia was constituted. Finally, we also address issues related to the proper conduct of this research, seeking to share acquired learning and defending a fragmentary knowledge as an important pathway to an urbanism in which sensitivity can enter the spatial analysis game.

Orientador: Milton Lahuerta / Banca: José Antônio Segatto / Banca: Carlota J. M. C. dos Reis Boto / Banca: Vera Alves Cepêda / Banca: Roger Fernandes Campato / Resumo: A presente tese intitulada Fundamentos e circunstâncias: as palavras do Presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-1998) resulta de uma pesquisa acerca da trajetória intelectual, da vida pública e da carreira política de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, bem como da análise de conteúdo de seus discursos presidenciais no primeiro mandato. O texto é estruturado em duas seções: Parte I – Fundamentos e Circunstâncias e Parte II – As palavras do Presidente: análise de conteúdo dos discursos presidenciais (1995-1998). Em Fundamentos e Circunstâncias, há o Capítulo 1, que versa sobre a “Escola Paulista de Sociologia” e da participação de Fernando Henrique Cardoso no projeto de estudos Economia e Sociedade: análise sociológica do subdesenvolvimento; no Capítulo 2, trata-se da chegada de Fernando Henrique Cardoso à vida pública, seu exílio, a mudança de agenda intelectual, a constituição do CEBRAP e sua relação com o MDB; e, o Capítulo 3, focaliza as alegrias e desventuras da vida política, trazendo à tona sua trajetória políticopartid ária até sua eleição para Presidente da República. Na Parte II – As palavras do Presidente: análise de conteúdo dos discursos presidenciais – é utilizado o recurso da análise de conteúdo para compreender o sentido discursivo adotado pelo Presidente da República e suas relações com sua trajetória intelectual. Há, portanto, nesta seção, o Capítulo 4, Dimensão Estado e Sociedade; o Capítulo 5, Dimensão Econômica e o Capítulo 6, Dimensão Política. A hipótese principal – confirmada nas considerações finais - é que, no plano discurso, Fernando Henrique Cardoso recorre à uma legitimação alicerçada sobre sua formação sociológica e que estes discursos – embora renovados e tratando de assuntos hodiernos - guardam enorme proximidade em relação às temáticas tratadas no projeto Economia e Sociedade, da década de 1960 / Abstract: This thesis is based on an extensive research conducted by the author on the intellectual trajectory, the public life and the political career of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, as well as on the content analysis of Cardoso’s presidential speeches in his first term as President of Brazil (1995-1998). The text is structured in two major sections: Part I – Fundaments and Circumstances and Part II – The Words of the President: content analysis of the presidential speeches (1995-1998). The first section is organized as follows: Chapter 1 presents the “Escola Paulista de Sociologia” (São Paulo’s School of Sociology) and Cardoso’s role on the research project Economia e Sociedade: Análise Sociológica do Subdesenvolvimento (Economy and society: sociological analysis of underdevelopment); Chapter 2 deals with Cardoso’s arrival at the public scene, his exile, the change in his intellectual agenda, the building of CEBRAP and his relationship with MDB; last, Chapter 3 focuses on the joys and disappointments in his political career, discussing the political trajectory that led to his election as President. Section II uses content analysis to understand the sense in the discourse adopted by the President and its relationship with his intellectual trajectory, and is divided in three chapters dealing separately with different dimensions of his discourse (Chapter 4 – State and Society Dimension, Chapter 5 – Economic Dimension and Chapter 6 – Political Dimension). The main hypothesis – confirmed in the final remarks – is that, in his discourse, Cardoso relies on his sociological background; also, that his speeches – although renewed and dealing with up-to-date issues – bear great proximity with the issues he dealt with back in the 1960s, in the research project Economia e Sociedade / Doutor

Essa pesquisa abordou a relação da boemia com a cidade, mais especificamente com trechos dos bairros Centro Histórico e Cidade Baixa em Porto Alegre. Valendo-se de um ferramental teórico-metodológico que defende que a experiência de pesquisa do urbanista se dê pelo cruzamento de diferentes saberes e, além disso, que defende também a importância da ida a campo, exploramos a relação da boemia com a cidade sob dois grandes eixos: (a) através do processo de construção de lugares e (b) enxergando a própria boemia tanto como uma forma de vida pública da noite relacionada à diversão das pessoas, quanto também como um imaginário construído. A partir de fragmentos colhidos na pesquisa de campo foram construídas narrativas a partir das quais evidenciamos como: (a) o processo de construção de lugares é intimamente ligado a experiências-vivências de sujeitos e coletividades que resultam em memórias e afetos; além disso, mostramos como em paralelo existem também processos de subjetivação e de valorização, todos eles ligados a materialidade dos espaços urbanos; (b) como o termo/imaginário/ideia de boemia se renova por um conjunto de práticas contemporâneas, misturados com sobrevivências de outros tempos e lugares em que a ideia de boemia se constituiu. Por fim, abordamos também questões ligadas ao próprio fazer dessa pesquisa, buscando compartilhar aprendizados obtidos e na defesa de um conhecimento fragmentário como um importante caminho para um urbanismo em que a sensibilidade possa entrar no jogo de análise espacial. / This research approached the relation of boemia with the city, more specifically with sections of the districts Centro Histórico and Cidade Baixa in Porto Alegre. Using a theoretical-methodological tool that advocates that the urbanist's research experience must be based on the cross-fertilization of different knowledge and, in addition, that also defends the importance of field research, we explore the relationship between bohemia and the city under two major axes: (a) through the process of building places and (b) seeing the bohemia itself as both a public form of public life at night related to the amusement of people, and also as a constructed imaginary. From the fragments collected in the field research were constructed narratives from which we show: (a) how the process of building places is intimately linked to the experiences of subjects and collectivities that result in memories and affections; In addition, we show how in parallel there are also processes of subjectivation and valorization, all linked to the materiality of urban spaces; (b) how the term / imaginary / idea of bohemia is renewed by a set of contemporary practices, mixed with survivors of other times and places in which the idea of bohemia was constituted. Finally, we also address issues related to the proper conduct of this research, seeking to share acquired learning and defending a fragmentary knowledge as an important pathway to an urbanism in which sensitivity can enter the spatial analysis game.

The project set out to develop a non-typological approach to public space in a poly-centric city. The principle of third space was used to conceptualise an interface for public life that would potentiate both public and private realms, and mitigate the issues currently related to contemporary public space. The notion of third space was also considered for the projects programmatic response in order to achieve an authentic urban experience. In essence a bridge between industrial typology and retail space was proposed to remedy the state of the unconscious consumer as well as establish the cross-fertilisation that occurs when a larger demographic of users are present. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted

The motivation for this thesis is a belief that the quality of Public Life is key to unlock the qualities of urbanity and create a community capable of facing social and ecological challenges. Public Life being a complex matter, it is primordial to study it as much as possible, in order to understand the mechanisms controlling it. The aim of this thesis is to describe the Public Life as it is in the new public spaces created in Barcelona through the implementation of a large magnitude urban transformation program called Superblocks. Superblocks consist of a group of city blocks of which the interior streets are “pacified” to free public space from cars, while the entire transportation network is reorganized. The research aims at uncovering how Public Life differs between two Superblocks and the rest of the city, by comparing them to similar areas . The research consisted of 2 weeks of direct observation using methods created by Jan Gehl, followed by an in-depth analysis of the data collected, describing Public Life while separating it between Traveling and Stationary Activities. It found that the quality of Public Life was indeed improved by the Superblocks, but that the changes differed greatly between the two different contexts of the study objects. / Den här uppsatsen utgår från en övertygelse om kvaliteten på livet i det offentliga rummet har en avgörande roll för att frigöra urbanitetens kvaliteter och skapa ett samhälle som kan hantera sociala och ekologiska utmaningar. Livet i det offentliga rummet är en komplex fråga som behöver studeras så mycket som möjligt för att kunna förstå de mekanismer som påverkar det. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva det offentliga livet som det ter sig i de nya offentliga rum som skapats i Barcelona i och med genomförandet av det storskaliga stadsomvandlingsprogrammet Superblocks. Superblocks (”Superkvarter”) består av ett antal stadskvarter där de mellanliggande gatorna omvandlas och frigörs till bilfria offentliga rum samtidigt som hela transportnätverket organiseras om. Undersökningen syftar till att synliggöra hur livet i det offentliga rummet skiljer sig mellan två Superblocks och resten av staden, genom att jämföra dem med liknande områden som inte omvandlats. Undersökningen baseras på två veckors direkt observation enligt metoder utveckla av Jan Gehl, och följdes av djupanalys av den data som inhämtats och som beskriver det offentliga livet uppdelat inom de två kategorierna rörelse och stillastående aktiviteter. Studien visar att det offentliga livets kvalitet påverkades av omvandlingen till Superblocks, samtidigt som förändringen varierade betydligt mellan de två studieobjekten med tydliga kontextuella skillnader.

This thesis studies Covid-19 influence on public life in three different Stockholm suburbs. Strategies to decrease the spread of Covid-19 have made people stay where they live and keep physical distance. Thereby more residents might spend more time in their suburban area and use the public realm differently than before. Similarly, current planning trends such as 1- and-15 minute cities emphasize the need for more functions in residential areas. The case study suburbs have varying characteristics. Aspudden is a very urban suburb with a high street, Bredäng a post-war modernist influenced suburb and Mälarhöjden a garden city inspired suburb. The findings suggest that people wanted to spend more time in green areas as well as socialising outside during Covid-19. Mälarhöjden appeared to use part of their suburban centre slightly more during the pandemic. The socioeconomic contexts of the different suburbs also appear to influence public life patterns during Covid-19 and more importantly put areas like Bredäng at a higher mortality risk for Covid-19 the other areas, which should be investigated further.

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This dissertation constitutes a critical examination of Swedish spatial planning for safety. Spatial planning for safety rests on a number of assumptions about the desired order of the world. These assumptions appear as given and unproblematic, making the formulation of alternatives appear unnecessary. This dissertation provides an account of how, and on what basis a spatial planning problem such as ‘fear and insecurity’ is formulated and acted upon. It is an account of how and what conceptions of knowledge operate to legitimise ideological representations of spatial planning problems. And furthermore, what these ideological representations of spatial planning problems substantially entail, so as to allow for a political spatial planning practice that formulates and deliberates alternatives. This is carried out by analysing assumptions of public life and knowledge within Swedish spatial planning for safety.  This dissertation finds that Swedish spatial planning for safety constitutes ‘certainty’ as a hegemonic criterion for participating in public life, which operates to limit the articulation of alternative discourses in spatial planning for safety. The desired for safe public life is organised based on visual certainty, where the urban fabric should be configured in such ways as to allow for stereotypical visual identifications of one another. Such a public life reflects an individualised practice, where perceptions of fear should be governed by individuals themselves, by independently assessing situations and environments in terms of risks. This individualised conduct is coupled with the fostering of active subjects, which encompasses being engaged in the local residential areas as well as in one another. Such substantial content of ‘planning for safety’ brings about tensions in terms of its ideological legitimating basis, by moving from principles of ‘rights’, where the individual constitutes the first ethical planning subject, to unitary principles of ‘collective values’, in which the ‘community’ constitutes the first ethical planning subject. These presuppositions are further enabled through the ways in which knowledge is conceptualised in spatial planning. This dissertation argues that a hegemonic instrumental emphasis on knowledge in spatial planning prevails. Having such a hegemonic emphasis on knowledge has the implication that even though spatial planning adopts different assumptions, or moves between alternative assumptions of knowledge, the knowledge becomes meaningful only in its instrumental implementation. The instrumental emphasis on knowledge should be regarded in light of the rational and goal-oriented nature of project-based planning, which constitutes a logic that constrains the emphasis on knowledge in spatial planning. This dissertation argues further that if spatial planning should be considered a political practice that debates its goals and values, a politicisation of the emphasis on knowledge in spatial planning is imperative.

This thesis explored the relationship between community adult education and social action. The study investigated how LEAD (Leadership Education for Action and Development), a non-governmental organisation based in the Western Cape, has empowered women to assume leadership and take social action in their communities.