This research examined the role of facilitating agencies in promoting public-private partnerships (PPP). Bangladesh's solid waste management sector was taken as a case study. As is the case in many developing countries, municipalities in Bangladesh could not cope with rapid urbanization resulting in a large proportion of solid waste remaining uncollected. The private sector took the opportunity to fill this gap in service. They started providing house-to-house garbage collection and charging citizens for this service. Therefore, two streams of service providers-public and private-became active in the sector. In some cities the two streams remained separate without coordination. In other cities the two sectors formed partnership with support from facilitating agencies. This research investigated the roles played by the facilitating agencies. Three broad aspects were investigated: (1) necessity of facilitating agencies, (2) the role of a facilitating agency in sustainability of partnership, and (3) the role of a facilitating agency in effectiveness of partnership. Four cities were included in the study with varying degree of PPP and facilitation. Primary data were collected from public and private sector staff, elected representatives, and citizens through interview, questionnaire survey and observation. PPP is a promising mechanism for urban service delivery. This study on the role of facilitating agencies may illustrate how to achieve and sustain PPPs in developing countries.

Ce travail de recherche est consacré à la technique constructive de l’opus incertum et vise à mieux comprendre toutes les implications chronologiques et sociales liées à la formation de cette technique. Le travail a été structuré selon trois axes principaux de recherche : la diffusion géographique : l’opus incertum est plus fréquemment attesté dans l’Italie centrale et il est particulièrement intéressant de suivre dans l’espace les modalités de diffusion de cette nouvelle technique de construction ; la typologie des monuments : l’opus incertum caractérise soit de grands complexes publics d’époque républicaine, tels que les temples, soit des villas maritimes. La typologie architectonique est liée au message implicite véhiculé par le monument et peut aider à comprendre si sa diffusion est due au pouvoir central ou à l’initiative des élites privées ; la chronologie: malgré les hypothèses avancées, on constate que l’opus incertum n’entre pas facilement dans une classification typo-chronologique. L’opus incertum marque un point de rupture, une véritable révolution dans laquelle on peut apercevoir la transformation d’une société entière. Il est donc évident que cette technique de construction doit être analysée et étudiée dans toute sa complexité et versatilité. Cette recherche repose sur une étude concrète de cette technique de construction pour arriver à comprendre le rapport entre savoir et savoir-faire, entre la circulation du savoir et des typologies architectoniques. L'objectif final du travail est de restituer le cadre économique, politique et social dans lequel s’inscrit l’opus incertum, considéré comme un « témoin » matériel. / The aim of this study is to clarify all aspects linked to this construction technique, consenting simple reading and so a better understanding of it and attempting to outline the development of a technical and historical context in which it can be placed. This research project is in three areas: geographical range: opus incertum is more frequently attested in central Italy; it is particularly interesting to follow the modalities of diffusion of this new construction technique in order to try to determine it in this context; monument typology: the opus incertum characterizes either large public complexes of the republican era or maritime villas. The architectural typology is closely linked to an implicit message conveyed by the monument and makes it possible to understand what the main engine of its diffusion was: the central power or private initiatives of elites; chronology: despite the chronological assumptions advanced, it is found that the opus incertum does not easily enter into a classification of this type. The opus incertum marks a point of rupture, a veritable technical revolution within which one can perceive the transformation of an entire society. It is evident that this construction technique must be analyzed and studied in its complexity and versatility. This research aims at starting from the concrete study of a construction technique arriving at the issue of the relations between theoretical knowledge and empirical practices, the diffusion of knowledge and structures in the field of architecture. It focuses more precisely on the architecture that is tied to it as a formal language that takes its full meaning in a given social and political context.

[pt] No presente estudo procuro analisar as políticas do MEC em relação ao desenvolvimento do ensino médio privado fluminense. Para tanto, tomo como objeto de estudo privilegiado, o Centro Educacional de Niterói (CEN), instituição educacional reputada como de excelência nas décadas de 1960 a 1980. A periodização adotada cobre os anos de 1954-1970, pois refere-se à criação da FUBRAE (instituição mantenedora do CEN) e ao fim de um convênio de cooperação técnica celebrado entre o CEN e o MEC no período de 1960-1970. No que concerne ao referencial teórico-metodológico adotado, cabe indicar que este é um estudo situado na perspectiva da História Cultural, especificamente ligado ao campo de estudos da História das Idéias e Instituições Educacionais. As fontes documentais utilizadas constam de: documentos institucionais do CEN, documentos de órgãos oficiais sobre o CEN e depoimentos de atores institucionais do CEN. Ao fim deste estudo, foi possível compreender que, no âmbito das políticas do MEC para o período mencionado, havia espaço para o desenvolvimento de iniciativas pedagógicas experimentais de larga monta gestadas fora da esfera pública, financiadas, porém (ao menos em grande parte) com recursos públicos. Neste sentido, boa parte da reputação de excelência do CEN à esta época deve-se a tal subsídio financeiro e de cooperação técnica. / [en] In this study, i seek to analyze the policies of the MEC in relation to the development of Ensino Médio Fluminense in the private initiative. Therefore, I take as a privileged object of study, the Centro Educacional de Niterói (CEN), renowned educational institution of excellence as the decades of 1960 to 1980. The time line covers the years 1954-1970, because it refers to the creation of FUBRAE (supporting institution CEN) and the end of a technical cooperation agreement signed between CEN and the MEC in the period 1960- 1970. Regarding the theoretical and methodological aproach, it should indicate that this is a study located in terms of History Cultural, specifically linked to the field of the History of Ideas and Educational Institutions . The documentary sources used consists of: institutional documents of CEN, documents of the official organisms about the CEN and interview with the institutional actor of CEN. After this study, we could understand that, under the policies of the MEC for the period mentioned, there was room for the development of educational initiatives experimental large rides gestated outside the public sphere, financed, but (at least in large part) with funds public. In this sense, much of the excellent reputation of the CEN this time due to such financial subsidy and technical cooperation.

[pt] Criados inicialmente como uma poupança garantidora de rendimentos futuros aos seus participantes e assistidos, os Fundos de Pensão assumiram importante papel no cenário econômico brasileiro. A necessidade legal de distribuição dos mais de 450 bilhões de reais (dez/2008) em ativos de renda fixa, de renda variável, no segmento imobiliário e no segmento de empréstimos/financiamentos, criou carteiras de investimento que de forma diversificada financiam atividades produtivas no Brasil. Apesar de existir uma forte sinergia no que se refere ao objetivo principal e também ao ambiente macroeconômico nos quais estão inseridos, os Fundos de Pensão Públicos e os Fundos de Pensão Privados além de possuírem consideráveis diferenças de portfólio de investimento, também vêm respondendo de forma diferente às variações de algumas variáveis macroeconômicas. Diante do exposto, e a partir da observação do comportamento dos 10 maiores investimentos dos Fundos de Pensão Públicos e Privados no período de 2002 a 2008, esta dissertação busca discutir a sensibilidade dos portfólios de investimentos dos Fundos de Pensão ao longo de mudanças macroeconômicas. No período estudado, foi observado entre 2002 e 2007 um aumento percentual nos investimentos em ações tanto nas carteiras dos Fundos Públicos quanto dos Fundos Privados. O ano de 2008 apresentou uma diminuição nesses investimentos de renda variável em ambos os Fundos de Pensão. No entanto, percebe-se que os Fundos Privados apresentam composição de carteiras mais conservadoras, mantendo quase 70% dos seus recursos em ativos de renda fixa. O único ativo de renda fixa onde foi verificado um percentual de participação em carteira significativamente maior nos Fundos Públicos foi nas Letras Financeiras do Tesouro. A metodologia estatística utilizada foi a regressão dinâmica, na qual as variáveis dependentes foram os investimentos em diferentes ativos da composição da carteira dos Fundos e as variáveis independentes referiam-se às que representam mudanças no cenário macroeconômico ( ex: PIB, dolar e juros ). Os resultados obtidos, não somente reforçam a existência de relação entre indicativos macroeconômicos e a composição de carteiras dos Fundos de Pensão, mas também apontam que algumas dessas variáveis independentes influenciam de forma diferente os Fundos de Pensão Públicos dos Fundos de Pensão Privados. / [en] Initially created as a saving asset that should guarantee future income to their participants, the Pension Funds took an important role in the Brazilian economic scenario. The legal necessity of distribution of more than 450 billion reais (Brazilian Money) into assets of fixed income, of variable income, of real estate and loans & financing assets, created investment’s portfolios that in a diversified way financed profitable activities in Brazil. Nevertheless of having a strong synergy in the main objective and also in their macroeconomic scenario, Public Pension Funds and Private Pension Funds have not only considerable differences of investment’s portfolio, but they are also responding the variation of a few macro-economic variables in a different way. Therefore, analyzing the 10 biggest investments in the Public & Private`s Pension Funds between the years of 2002 and 2008, this work aims to discuss the sensibility of the investment`s portfolios of the Pension Funds during macro-economic changes. In the studied period, was observed that between 2002 and 2007 a percentage raise in the investments in the stock market in both Public and Private Pension Funds. In the year of 2008 these kinds of investments decreased in also both Pension Funds. Despite of that, it is observed that the Private Funds have been more conservative, keeping almost 70% of their total amount in fixed income assets. The only asset of fixed income where was verified a higher percentage level in the Public Funds was in the Letras Financeiras do Tesouro (Treasure Bonds). The statistic methodology used was the dynamic regression, in which the dependent variables were the investments in the different assets of the Pension Fund`s portfolios and the dependent variables were the ones that represented changes in the macroeconomic scenario (e.g.: Gross Domestic Product, dollar e interest rate ). The results indicates a correlation between some macro-economic variations and the composition of the investment`s portfolios in the Pension Funds. But, the it also indicates that a few of these macro-economic variations influence in a different way the Public and the Private Pension Funds.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze evaluation and motivation of employees in public and private sector, make comparison between these sectors and propose measures leading to elimination of deficiencies. At the beginning of this thesis there are described issues and the aims of this thesis. Theoretical part is focused on evaluation, motivation and remuneration of employees in both sectors including new knowledge from this area. Comparison of both sectors is done by questionnaire. It focuses on evaluation, motivation and fair remuneration by employer from employee point of view. Practical part consist of research results, verification of work hypothesis and based on findings propose possible actions to improve current situation. By research it was found that employees from private sector obtain formal evaluation much more often than in public sector. Most important motivation for job performance improvement is for employees from public sector work certainty, for private sector it is career progress. Results of this thesis gives proposals to employer for improvement.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Problems related to public transport and private transport in Peru are persistent. New proposals to solve them arise, currently the world of data analysis is starting in Peru, there are not many open datasets useful that allow proposing solutions in each environment. In this paper, we will collect relevant data of the transport located in a province of Peru with more than 1000 users involved, restricted by a delimited geographic area and with 2 years of operations and more than 3000 transport services tracked. In this way, we highlight the importance of the data, the possible potential uses within the transport, and a case of use of the collected dataset. / Revisión por pares

Based on a joint qualitative and quantitative approach, this dissertation analyzes Faulkner´s use of the house motif and related imagery in all of his novels and short story collections. Chapter One recapitulates what has been published on this issue before, a definition of the term "literary motif" follows in Chapter Two. Chapter Three provides a brief outline of different architectural styles used in the American South. Chapter Four introduces the reader to Lévi-Strauss´ notion of a house-based society. Chapter Five offers information about the use of the house motif in American literature in general. Chapter Six, the main part of my dissertation, is divided into three sections. The first section analyzes the significance of private houses [plantation houses, mansions, town houses, and cabins], the second section discusses the nature of public houses [courthouse, jail, banks, barbershops, churches, brothels] and public open spaces, while the third section, by contrast, highlights the symbolic meaning of elementary co-occurrences [attics, windows, doors, porches, fences] in Faulkner´s body of work. In the conclusion in Chapter Seven, my dissertation presents inter alia the following results: 1. The house motif and elementary co-occurrences symbolize a segregated society. 2. Yoknapatawpha County is a house-based society as defined by Lévi-Strauss in which houses are key symbols to organize and structure Yoknapatawpha´s society. 3. Faulkner derived his use of the house-motif from the Gothic tradition. 4. House related imagery like windows, doors, and fences, for instance, are not only used as spatial metaphors of liminality; these elementary co-occurrences also have a prominent position the complex symbol system of the house motif. The appendix contains statistics to fifteen novels and four short story collections highlighting the most frequently occurring nouns in these literary works.

This thesis researches the construction of gender ideals for the new Middle Class and women’s involvement in the same by analysing fashion magazines published in Germany and Sweden between 1786 to 1827 and 1818 to 1844, respectively. The analysis consists of two parts: first, the share of women’s involvement in the public sphere as defined by Habermas as well as the justification of the inclusion of female-written texts and second, the nature of gender ideals in relation to the separate spheres’ framework. They show that the highest percentage of female contributions to fashion magazines was 5.3 % for the Swedish magazine from 1840 to 1844, while the lowest percentage of female contributions was 2.1 % for the German magazine from 1820 to 1827. Furthermore, the inclusion of texts written by women was often justified through their domestic virtue or the statement that they never wanted their texts to be published. The publication was thus against their will, which firmly anchors the female authors in the private sphere. In the second part, this study shows that women authors in the fashion magazines mainly advocated for the separation of the public and private but, in comparison to gender ideals shared by male authors, did not advocate for the submission of women. Regarding the stereotypes of emotionality and rationality, I find that women were mostly portrayed as emotional by men but would contest these negative portrayals of their sex. At the same time, men were portrayed as emotional and rational by both female and male authors, which is surprising considering the prominent male ideal of rationality.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to compare public and private high school system with respect to selected data. Firstly, conceptions of quality in education, the inspection of the quality based on the Czech School Inspectorate (ČŠI), international tests or the quality school criteria given by the ČŠI will be characterized in the theoretical part. The high school system in Czechia with respect to the establisher, the historical development, the offer of disciplines, the relationship with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MŠMT) and financing will be described. It will be characterized the private school system at an international level to compare studies comparing public and private schools. The chapter about equal educational opportunities in conditions of Czech schools will be added too. Educational conditions and results in the selected period (2017-2019) will be analyzed in the analytical part. For the purposes of the analysis, the quality school criteria will be used. The data of the Center for Finding Results in Education (CZVV) will be analyzed too with respect to results of the school-leaving exam and shares of failed students from all high schools and then separately from grammar schools and vocational schools. It will be processed the data from MŠMT in a similar way where...

No description available.