Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 360-391).

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Orientador: Maria das Graças Conde Caldas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferrari_MarcelleCorreia_M.pdf: 7187491 bytes, checksum: 8dd8b05fea9720b256f8f5665204bddf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As mudanças no cenário mundial da comunicação suscitaram a necessidade de envolver a população de forma mais participativa e interativa, dentro do contexto de democracia digital. Como a comunicação estatal deve atender aos interesses públicos, foi desenvolvido um programa (no âmbito do Governo Federal) que incentiva a população a debater assuntos de seu interesse: as consultas públicas digitais. Estas consultas fazem parte do procedimento de implantação do governo eletrônico em todo o país e representam um avanço nas relações entre Estado e Sociedade. Entretanto, embora possibilitem, não garantem a participação e contato do cidadão com o governo. Esta pesquisa faz uma reflexão sobre a percepção pública dos brasileiros sobre a área ambiental por meio de pesquisas realizadas e verifica a importância da participação da sociedade por meio de consultas públicas digitais na área ambiental para a Conferência Rio+20. Uma delas realizada pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente, em 2011, para receber propostas de diferentes setores da sociedade civil sobre os temas centrais debatidos na Conferência do Rio. A segunda, elaborada/desenvolvida pelo Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos, do Ministério de Ciência (CGEE), Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) em 2012, sobre os conceitos públicos de Economia Verde e Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso múltiplo (YIN, 2001), de natureza exploratória e qualitativa, de análise de conteúdo. O referencial teórico deste trabalho está ancorado nas Pesquisas Deliberativas de James Fishkin (2005) e nos conceitos de democracia digital. Os resultados do trabalho apontam para avanços significativos no campo da democracia digital, uma vez que as consultas públicas analisadas se mostraram como meios importantes de mobilização social, contribuindo para uma participação mais ativa em processos decisórios sobre a área ambiental / Abstract: Changes in the global communications scene raised the need to involve the public in a more participatory and interactive manner within the context of digital democracy. As the state-owned communications must meet the public interest, a program (under the Federal Government) that encourages people to discuss subjects of interest was developed: the digital public consultations. These public consultations are part of a deployment procedure of e-government throughout the country and represent a breakthrough in relations between state and society. However, although it provides, it does not ensure the participation and citizen contact with government. This research is a reflection on the public perception of brazilians on the environmental area through research performed and verifies the importance of the participation of society through digital public consultations in the environmental area for the Rio +20 Conference. One of them held by the Ministry of Environment in 2011para receive proposals from different sectors of civil society on the central themes discussed at the Rio Conference The second, prepared / developed by the Center for Management and Strategic Studies, Ministry of Science (CGEE) Technology and Innovation (MCTI) in 2012, on public concepts of Green Economy and Sustainable Development. This is a multiple case study (Yin, 2001), exploratory and qualitative, with content analysis. The theoretical framework of this work is grounded in Deliberative Research James Fishkin (2005) and the concepts of digital democracy. The results indicate significant advances in the field of digital democracy, since the public consultations analyzed present themselves as important means of social mobilization, contributing to a more active participation in decision-making processes on the environmental area / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Brazil and South Africa were both part of the global “third-wave” of democracy, the beginnings of their democratic transitions occurring in 1985 and 1994 respectively. Despite having been formerly subjected to decades of authoritarian rule, both countries experienced a modicum of democratic practice, however limited in franchise, under the previous regimes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of support for democracy in Brazil and South Africa since democratic transition. Two types of political support are identified as crucial for democratic sustainability: diffuse support, or support for democracy’s intrinsic principles, and specific support, support which is conditional on the positive evaluation of the regime institutions and incumbents. These two types of political support are conceptualized as encompassing five levels or objects of political support, according to the Norris model: the political community, regime principles, regime performance (diffuse support), regime institutions and political actors (specific support). This study proposes that because vestiges of democratic norms and practices have been present within these countries’ political systems for some time, it is possible that they will manifest trends in support similar to much older, more established democracies. These global trends indicate that diffuse support for democracy is being maintained while specific support for democracy is waning. A longitudinal quantitative study was conducted, using consecutive waves of World Values Survey to operationalize support for democracy in terms of the five abovementioned political objects and the results of South Africa and Brazil compared. These results show that both case studies could be interpreted as having fairly high levels of diffuse support and decreasing levels of specific support for democracy. It is however acknowledged that results are not conclusive and further research is required, especially with respect to how respondents conceptualize the term ‘democracy’. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Brasilië en Suid-Afrika was albei deel van die globale “derde golf” van demokrasie, met die aanvang van hulle oorgang na demokrasie onderskeidelik in 1985 en 1994. Ten spyte daarvan dat hierdie twee lande voormalig aan dekades van outoritêre gesag onderwerp is, het albei, hoewel beperk in stemreg, ’n mate van demokratiese praktyk onder ’n vorige bestel ervaar. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die steunvlakke vir demokrasie in Brasilië en Suid- Afrika sedert hulle oorgang na demokrasie te ondersoek. Twee soorte politieke steun word geïdentifiseer as deurslaggewend vir demokratiese volhoubaarheid: verspreide steun – of steun vir die intrinsieke beginsels van demokrasie – en spesifieke steun – steun wat van die positiewe evaluering van die regime se instellings en ampsbekleders afhang. Hierdie twee soorte politieke steun word deur vyf konsepte voorgestel wat die vyf vlakke of voorwerpe van politieke steun volgens die Norris-model dek: die politieke gemeenskap, regimebeginsels, regimeprestasie (verspreide steun), regime-instellings en politieke akteurs (spesifieke steun). Hierdie studie stel voor dat, aangesien spore van demokratiese norme en praktyke vir ’n geruime tyd binne hierdie lande se politieke stelsels teenwoordig was, dit moontlik is dat hulle steuntendense sal toon wat aan baie ouer, meer gevestigde demokrasieë soortgelyk is. Hierdie globale tendense toon dat verspreide steun vir demokrasie gehandhaaf word terwyl spesifieke steun vir demokrasie aan die kwyn is. ’n Longitudinale kwantitatiewe studie is onderneem wat van opeenvolgende siklusse van die “World Values Survey” gebruik maak om steun vir demokrasie in terme van die vyf bogenoemde politieke voorwerpe uit te beeld. Die resultate van Suid-Afrika en Brasilië is daarna vergelyk. Uit hierdie resultate sou afgelei kon word dat redelik hoë vlakke van verspreide steun en dalende vlakke van spesifieke steun vir demokrasie in beide gevalle voorkom. Daar word egter erken dat resultate nie beslissend is nie en dat verdere navorsing nodig is, in besonder met betrekking tot respondente se begrip van die term ‘demokrasie’.