The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted as a response to some of the most egregious accounting scandals in history. Since SOX’s inception, experts continue to debate the costs and benefits associated with the act. Prior research suggests that some of the benefits associated with the Act may actually be attributable to other concurrent events such as firms’ reactions to the negative publicity. This paper investigates the effect that a firm’s publicity level has on the firm’s likelihood to issue a financial restatement. This study suggests that some of the benefits associated with SOX can actually be attributed to what I call the publicity effect. I find that although high publicity firms are more likely to issue a financial restatement post-SOX relative to low publicity firms, this difference is mitigated by the publicity effect. The empirical model suggests firms that are classified as having low publicity prior to SOX’s enactment are more likely to respond to the adverse publicity of the major accounting scandals. This study suggests that the benefit of more reliable financial statements is a combination of the stringent SOX regulations as well as the market’s reaction to negative publicity. My findings suggest that future cost-benefit analyses of SOX should attempt to capture the publicity effect.

The purpose of the study was to analyze strategies and techniques used in graduate student recruitment efforts at institutions of higher education which have developed graduate student recruitment programs involving administrative personnel in graduate schools. The population consisted of 71 graduate school deans. The deans, however, were given the alternative of selecting an alternate administrator to respond to the survey provided the alternate possessed experience with graduate recruitment activities.A Likert-type instrument consisting of 42 questionnaire items was utilized to gather data pertaining to the respondent and the institution included in the survey, organization for graduate recruitment, current and desired involvement with recruitment administrative functions, plus usage and perceived effectiveness of selected strategy/techniques used in graduate recruitment.Findings1. Institutions having the greatest available finances for graduate recruitment activities tended to have coordinated recruitment programs.2. Graduate administrators expressed strong interest in being involved with the development of recruitment planning, setting goals and identifying desirable recruitment strategies and techniques.3. A lack of formal training existed for personnel engaged in graduate student recruitment.4. Financial assistance, prompt response to applicant inquiry, and personal contact from the concerned department (faculty) were perceived as very effective student recruitment strategy/techniques.5. The utilization of alumni as well as establishing contact with representatives from business and industry were viewed as valuable but relatively untapped sources for increasing the number of graduate student applications.Conclusions1. The projected decline in the 18 to 24 year-old population group can be off-set partially by conscientious efforts to attract former degree recipients from other age groups, women and minorities.2. Graduate student recruitment has traditionally differed from undergraduate recruitment. Much, of the current activity conducted as. graduate recruitment is uncoordinated and difficult to monitor; however, efforts to organize graduate recruitment programs are attracting the attention of graduate administrators nationally, thus creating the potential for an emerging professional area in graduate education.3. Financial support for coordinated graduate recruitment programs will be derived predominantly from the university budget.4. Faculty are imperative to successful graduate student recruitment, therefore, recruitment planning should include ways to effectively utilize outstanding faculty in the recruitment process.

Background: Swedish consumers are daily bombarded with 1500 advertising messages. 22 percent of the Swedish people are avoiding all advertising in traditional media according to SIFO's research. To master this problem innovative methods are a necessity to reach consumers. Guerrilla marketing is such a method. Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to describe the components and the activities that asuccessful guerrilla campaign consists of. He purpose is also to examine the motives behind theseactivities, why they were chosen and what objectives they were supposed to accomplish. Theambition is to find success factors for guerrilla marketing that result in publicity and increasedrecognition. Limitations: The Swedish market where a collaboration between two companies, Miami GuerrillaMarketing (Miami) and Stena Line, has been examined in a case study. The case study focuses on two successful guerrilla campaigns, 2008 and 2009, which resulted in publicity and increasedrecognition. Method: Case study Conclusion: A number of factors that lead to successful guerilla marketing, which gains publicityand increased recognition, have been identified in this dissertation. These are to: chose a new marketing communications strategy, chock and surprise the customers, use the novelty effect,generate strong emotions, match the media selection with the target audience and use uncon-­ventional media. Suggestion for further research: Experiment of guerrilla marketing in combination with traditionalmarketing and also studies of the effectiveness of the method.

The aim of this thesis is put forward a critical inquiry into the new advent neoliberal publicity and the spatiality which brought forth by this emergent publicity in Ankara thereby interrogating some key concepts such as neoliberalism, neoliberal urbanization, public space and publicity. &ldquo / The Renovation Project of Ankara Historical City Center&rdquo / will be assessed owing to constitute a model for understanding the tendencies in the planning of public spaces of Ankara for the last two decades. Considering the vast area which will be subjected to the renovation project, the borders of the study area is confined to &ldquo / Special Project Area: Hacibayram Mosque and Its Environs&rdquo / .

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The primary goal of this study was to determine if print media (newspapers and magazines) play a role in tourist decision to visit a destination. Four objectives were derived from the primary research goal. The first objective was to analyse newspapers and magazines by means of a literature study. This was achieved by looking at the strategic component of media planning in a media strategy in the delivering of the advertising message. The problems facing media strategies as well as the marketing mix for print media were briefly discussed. It was also found that there are certain advantages as well as disadvantages in using newspapers and magazines as advertising medium. The second objective was to look at the process of travel decision-making. This was done by looking at two models of travel decision-making. The process was discussed and it is indicated where print media plays a role in each of the phases of the process. It was found that pint media does play a role in each of the phases of the travel decision-making process. This information is of great value for marketers of travel destinations to be incorporated in their marketing plans. The third objective was to reflect the result of the empirical research and to determine the key success factors in print media that influenced tourist decision to travel. It was achieved by collecting data in which structured questionnaires were completed by international tourists in order to determine the role print media played in their decision to visit South Africa. The questionnaires were distributed amongst 145 international tourists from all over the world at Sun City in the Northwest Province of South Africa. Editorials in newspapers and magazines seem to be more popular with the respondents than advertising but that could be mainly because editorials are seen more credible than advertising. The fourth objective was to make recommendations for effective use of print media to attract tourist to visit a destination. Newspapers and magazines should play an important role in the motivation phase of the decision-making process because it has a direct bearing on the tourist decision to act. Newspapers and magazines are considered one of the principal means to influence tourist's decision-making. Because newspapers and magazines are usually not expensive, their high information content can motivate a tourist to visit a destination. Magazines and newspapers can play an important role when searched for additional information. The latter is high in information content and are mostly credible. / Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The purpose of this quantitative study was to survey Liberal Arts II Colleges nationally to determine the strategic marketing orientation adopted by these small, private colleges. A random sample of 198 Liberal Arts II schools were surveyed. Three top administrators at each school, the president, academic dean, and admissions officer, received the mailed surveys. The research instrument - the Academic Marketing Strategy Survey - combined questions on institutional characteristics, administrators' perceptions of the acceptability and effectiveness of college marketing programs, and the Marketing Index for Higher Education (Kotler, 1977).Findings showed little or no relationship between measures of college "success" (enrollment trend, and trend in quality of the student body), and either level of college strategic orientation, or administrators' perceptions of the acceptability and effectiveness of college marketing programs. Discriminant analysis produced some statistically significant relationships between the following institutional characteristics and other variables:1.In geographic regions with fewer Liberal Arts II colleges,admissions officers were more enthusiastic about marketingprograms in their colleges;For the smaller Liberal Arts II colleges, annual strategic planning may be problematic in its ability to produce clear and comprehensive marketing strategy.Recommendations for further research include investigating- why marketing programs seem well-accepted among administrators, while bearing so little relationship to measures of success. Correlating perceptions and levels of marketing orientation with "success" variables may be too simplistic. / Department of Educational Leadership

The primary goal of this study was to determine if print media (newspapers and magazines) play a role in tourist decision to visit a destination. Four objectives were derived from the primary research goal. The first objective was to analyse newspapers and magazines by means of a literature study. This was achieved by looking at the strategic component of media planning in a media strategy in the delivering of the advertising message. The problems facing media strategies as well as the marketing mix for print media were briefly discussed. It was also found that there are certain advantages as well as disadvantages in using newspapers and magazines as advertising medium. The second objective was to look at the process of travel decision-making. This was done by looking at two models of travel decision-making. The process was discussed and it is indicated where print media plays a role in each of the phases of the process. It was found that pint media does play a role in each of the phases of the travel decision-making process. This information is of great value for marketers of travel destinations to be incorporated in their marketing plans. The third objective was to reflect the result of the empirical research and to determine the key success factors in print media that influenced tourist decision to travel. It was achieved by collecting data in which structured questionnaires were completed by international tourists in order to determine the role print media played in their decision to visit South Africa. The questionnaires were distributed amongst 145 international tourists from all over the world at Sun City in the Northwest Province of South Africa. Editorials in newspapers and magazines seem to be more popular with the respondents than advertising but that could be mainly because editorials are seen more credible than advertising. The fourth objective was to make recommendations for effective use of print media to attract tourist to visit a destination. Newspapers and magazines should play an important role in the motivation phase of the decision-making process because it has a direct bearing on the tourist decision to act. Newspapers and magazines are considered one of the principal means to influence tourist's decision-making. Because newspapers and magazines are usually not expensive, their high information content can motivate a tourist to visit a destination. Magazines and newspapers can play an important role when searched for additional information. The latter is high in information content and are mostly credible. / Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Fundamental notions: Publicity principle, Pretrial investigation, The secrecy of the data of pretrial investigation. The content of publicity principle in penal code has been analyzed applying the methods of data analysis, comparison and classified analysis, and the place of the content in the system of the other principles of penal code has been assessed. The standards of penal code of the Republic of Lithuania regulating the run of publicity principle in pretrial investigation have also been analyzed. The content of the above mentioned standards has been revealed analyzing the practice of European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The conception of publicity principle and its place in the system of penal code is presented in the work; hereinafter the possibilities of participants and people who are uninterested in the result of criminal process are analyzed. The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania consolidates the principles of free speech and other principles of democratic states, which guarantee the right to get information about all events and processes, including the investigation of criminal act and at the same time to enable the control of these processes and to influence them. The Law on Criminal Process of the Republic of Lithuania consolidates the attitude that the data of pretrial investigation cannot be declared. The secrecy of the data like the right to free speech cannot be considered as absolute value... [to full text]

Chinese propaganda nowadays is focused on producing soft-sell messages international consumption instead of hard-core propaganda of agitation. emphasis on "image design" as Jiang Zemin coined it, rather than on propagation of Communist ideals. This shift from the past is brought government's new publicity strategy masterminded by Deng Xiaoping. strategy Chinese media have been enlisted in the ideological construction national images. Image construction for the nation-state has become the Chinese government and its news media in terms of international communication. This shift is symbolic of the rapid changes taking place in China. I draw Andrew Wernick's notion of "promotional culture" (1991) to describe changes, and in particular, their impact on government publicity, domestic reporting, and international journalism in China. I argue that a form of "promotional culture" has made a positive impact on government publicity as much on international journalism in China. The shift of focus in propaganda more of a government initiative than a spontaneous pursuit of international journalism in China. The latter still practices government scripts rather creative in form and diversified in content as is domestic reporting. This examines government publicity materials and news media reports concerning Beijing's Olympic campaign to reveal this extension of promotional government publicity and its implications for Chinese journalism.