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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
671

Tradução juramentada de contratos de compra e venda /

Rocha, Celso Fernando. January 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Diva Cardoso de Camargo / Banca: Lídia Almeida Barros / Banca: Tony Berber Sardinha / Resumo: Com a presente dissertação, estudamos características da tradução juramentada na direção inglês.português, no que concerne a semelhanças e diferenças no uso de termos simples, expressões fixas e semifixas mais freqüentes encontrados em contratos de compra e venda. A pesquisa situa-se no campo dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus e no da Lingüística de Corpus; ainda recorre, em parte, ao arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Terminologia. O corpus de estudo de textos traduzidos no modo juramentado contém: 34 contratos de compra traduzidos por dois tradutores; compilamos, também, um corpus comparável de textos originalmente escritos em inglês e português, referentes a contratos de compra e venda. A pesquisa conta com o auxilio do programa de computador WordSmith Tools versão 4.0 para o levantamento dos dados, tendo sido utilizadas as ferramentas WordList, KeyWord e Concord. A partir dos dados gerados, criamos um glossário de termos simples, e de expressões fixas e semifixas mais freqüentes, presentes no corpus de estudo. Os termos simples levantados constam de dicionários; no entanto, não se encontra registrada, na maioria da obras, qualquer referência quanto ao uso. Por sua vez, a maior parte das expressões fixas e semifixas não se encontram nos dicionários. Com a utilização do corpus comparável, foi possível localizar aproximadamente 70% dessas expressões fixas e semifixas. Além do levantamento léxico, a descrição de características da tradução juramentada, de seus aspectos legais, e da forma de apresentação do texto podem ser de grande utilidade para o tradutor aprendiz. Pode-se perceber o emprego de traduções literais, o que permitiria inferir o uso de uma linguagem mais atrelada ao original, de inserções em português de construções sintáticas, e de expressões da linguagem contratual...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study aims at observing features of sworn translation in the English.Portuguese direction, concerning similarities and differences in the use of the most frequent simple terms, fixed and semi-fixed expressions present in sales contracts analyzed. This study has its theoretical basis on Corpus-Based Translation Studies, on Corpus Linguistics and on some theoretical concepts in Terminology. Our corpora of study comprise 34 sales contracts, translated by two sworn translators. We also compiled two comparable corpora of sales contract: one originally written in Portuguese and another in English. We used three tools of the software WordSmith Tool 4.0 in order to extract data: WordList, KeyWord and Concord. Based on the lexicon found in sales contracts corpora, we built a glossary of simple terms, fixed and semi-fixed expressions. Although the simple terms were present in the dictionaries of our support corpus, there is no information concerning their use. Regarding fixed and semifixed expressions most of them were not found in these dictionaries. The Portuguese comparable corpus showed approximately 70% of fixed and semi-fixed expressions. Also, descriptions about features of sworn translation, its legal aspects, and the text layout can be useful to the learner translator. The occurrence of literal translation, reveals a tendency to use a language closer to the style of sales contracts originally written in English. In addition, we observed a tendency to translate errors in clause numbers as well as imprecise adjectives and adverbs. Another important feature observed is the use of less lexical variation, which is confirmed by the standardized type/token ratio difference (2,29) in relation to the comparable corpus in Portuguese. This result also indicates that in the sworn translations studied, there is a tendency to use more repetition of words than in the analyzed sales contracts originally written in Portuguese. / Mestre
672

The influence of selected antecedents on athlete endoser credibility, attitude towards an advertisement and purchase intentions

Mahao, Bafokeng Bafokeng 09 1900 (has links)
M.Tech (Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences) Vaal University of Technology / Given the pervasive use of celebrity endorsements and the high costs involved in this marketing strategy, it is important for marketers to have knowledge of the right set of procedures to follow in selecting an ambassador to market their products. This study draws from the undertones of Ohanian’s (1990:46) Source attributes theory, comprising elements of the Source credibility theory as well as the Source attractiveness theory. Whereas the former (trustworthiness and expertise) influences consumer attitudes and behaviour through a process called internalisation, the latter (attractiveness) influences receivers of marketing communication messages through a process called identification. The theory is useful when applied during the initial phase of selecting which celebrity to use to endorse products, to avoid costly mistakes of choosing celebrities that do not possess the right set of attributes for persuading consumers. The purpose of this study was to apply the Source attributes theory in understanding the key attributes towards consumers’ evaluations of the credibility of an athlete-celebrity endorser. Moreover, the influence of athlete endorser credibility on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards the celebrity endorsed advertisement. A quantitative study comprising a non-probability snowball sample of 456 consumers was conducted in 2016, in and around the five major towns of Southern Gauteng province in South Africa. The structured-self administered questionnaire requested participants to indicate their perceptions regarding the attributes of nominated athlete-celebrity, namely, trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness in endorsing the selected product. In addition, the questionnaire related to consumers’ evaluations of the credibility of the selected athlete-celebrity, consumers’ attitude towards the advertisement where the athlete-celebrity appears and purchase intentions towards the endorsed product. Findings from the study indicated that South African consumers have positive perceptions of the selected athlete-celebrity’s trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness. In addition, the measurement model was verified using statistical accuracy tests, thereby confirming that the purchase intentions model was a six-factor structure comprising trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness, endorser credibility, attitude towards the advertisement and purchase intentions. The results of both the confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation modelling suggest that the three dimensions are valid measures of the overall credibility of the athlete- endorser (R2=0.60). This finding provided support for the scale developed by Ohanian (1990) to be a valid vi measure for selecting celebrity endorsers when applied in South Africa. Moreover, the structural model validated the existence of significant, direct impacts of athlete-endorser credibility on attitude towards the advertisement (path estimate=0.704) and attitude towards the advertisement on purchase intentions (path estimate=0.741). Insights gained from this study will assist both marketing academics and practitioners to understand the perceptions of consumers towards the use of athlete-celebrities in product promotions in the South African market. In this regard, if a determination is made that a celebrity could enhance the marketing campaign, marketers should determine to what extent the celebrity should be used. The correct use of the right celebrity, selected in line with these findings, can help ensure greater consumer persuasion.
673

Smart shop banner - nový marketingový nástroj / Smart shop banner - new marketing tool

Gotthardt, Martin January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with a new marketing tool for campaigns to support product sales at the point of sales. Banner can appropriately draw customer's attention and also persuade to unplanned impulsive purchase. It is a plastic pocket that can hold posters to support individual product or brands of companies and also can be changed quite often. Uniqueness of the solution lies in the location of the advertising space. In case an LCD monitor is part of the cash register, the banner is located on the other side directly exposed to the eyes of customers. The aim of the thesis is to present a new marketing tool and ideally prove that the right use of visual communication means is able to encourage impulsive purchases even in the environment of a Czech bank. Even though it was not completely proven that the banner can encourage impulsive purchases in banks, the whole concept has been prepared, it's potential revealed and the possible effective uses for normal practice have been formulated.
674

Podnikatelský plán a marketingová strategie vlastního podnikání v oblasti vín / Business Plan and Marketing Strategy of my own business in sales of wine

Dragounová, Martina January 2011 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to write a business plan and a marketing strategy for a company which is active in sales of wine. So the aim is to determine missions, visions and goals of the company. The business plan should also show if it is financially feasible. The thesis contains the competition and the consumer analysis, which are important for drawing up the business plan and the marketing strategy. The marketing strategy is based on the marketing mix. The main requirement is to make the business plan usable in practise. This practical part is completed by theoretical part which is focused on the method of writing a business plan, the planning stage of the marketing strategy and purchase behavior of consumers.
675

Comportamento do consumidor: Uma an?lise sobre a escolha da embalagem no ato da compra. / Comportamento do consumidor: Uma an?lise sobre a escolha da embalagem no ato da compra.

Boas, Jos? Aur?lio Vilas 28 August 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Jose Aurelio Vilas Boas.pdf: 391843 bytes, checksum: 398e95d547ae787e3a8a39b67fcc2895 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-28 / The general aim of this dissertation is to investigate customers behavior as regards to choosing packages at the moment of purchase. Customer s behavior is characterized as a process; a set of stages which involves selection, purchase, use or products layout, ideas or experiments to satisfy needs and wishes. This study, by means of a bibliographical research as well as a survey, which was carried through with A, B and C supermarkets customers, located at Volta Redonda (RJ), provides us a view of how the process of choosing packages occurs at the moment of purchase. The study pointed out that customers behave rationally, trying to shop as better as possible, obtaining the best from their money, and maximizing utility, what appears to be an evidence of no emotional involvement when choosing tomatomade products packages. / O objetivo geral desta disserta??o consiste em investigar o comportamento dos consumidores em rela??o ? escolha da embalagem no ato da compra. O comportamento do consumidor se caracteriza como processo: um conjunto de est?gios que envolvem a sele??o, a compra, o uso ou a disposi??o de produtos, id?ias ou experi?ncias para satisfazer necessidades e desejos. O presente estudo, atrav?s de pesquisa bibliogr?fica e uma pesquisa de campo (survey) realizada com consumidores dos supermercados A, B e C situados na cidade de Volta Redonda/RJ, a pesquisa fornece uma vis?o de como ocorre o processo de escolha da embalagem no ato de compra. O estudo apontou que o comportamento dos consumidores ocorre sob uma perspectiva racional, procurando fazer compras da melhor maneira poss?vel, obtendo o melhor pelo dinheiro e maximizando a utilidade, parecendo n?o haver envolvimento emocional na escolha da embalagem da classe de produtos atomatados.
676

Processo decisório de compra de carne suína : observando a segurança alimentar e a qualidade do produto na cidade de Porto Alegre

Silva, Judson Roberto da January 2007 (has links)
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar os elementos da segurança alimentar presentes no processo de compra dos consumidores de carne suína da cidade de Porto Alegre. Diante das mudanças percebidas no ambiente mercadológico, os resultados obtidos foram tabulados através das variáveis sóciodemográficas de sexo, faixa etária, grau de instrução, renda familiar e número de pessoas por domicílio, e cruzadas com os fatores que influenciam as decisões de compra, tais como os fatores culturais, sociais, pessoais e psicológicos, para um melhor esclarecimento acerca das necessidades desses consumidores. O perfil, hábitos de aquisição e consumo também são descritos e também foram gerados resultados sobre as motivações, o grau de importância das informações, os critérios de qualidade mais relevantes observados no ato da aquisição. Com relação à segurança alimentar, os fatores subculturais envolvidos geram a imagem que se faz dos produtos agropecuários consumidos, além das informações que os produtores colocam à disposição nas embalagens, e também os atributos que são natos no produto e imprescindíveis durante as fases do ciclo vital. / The main objective of this work is to identify the safety's alimentary present’s elements in the process of the consumers' of meat suína of the city of Porto Alegre purchase. Before the changes noticed in the atmosphere the marketing, the obtained results were tabulated through the partner-demographic variables of sex, age group, instruction degree, family income and number of people for home and, crusades with the factors that influence the purchase decisions, such as: the factors cultural, social, personal and psychological, for a better explanation concerning these consumers' needs that such segmentation allows. The profile, acquisition habits and consumption are also described and, also results were generated remains to the motivations, the degree of importance of the information, the more relevant quality criteria observed in the action of the acquisition. Regarding the alimentary safety, the factors involved subcultures generate the image that we do of the agricultural products that we consumed, besides the information that the producers put our disposition in the packing and, also the attributes that are born in the product and indispensable during the phases of the vital cycle.
677

Humor nas propagandas televisivas: um olhar qualitativo sobre as percepções dos consumidores

Silva, Hélcia Daniel da 27 July 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-06T18:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 humor_propagandas.pdf: 942498 bytes, checksum: ccceb92f33058e5404e26b45302a2152 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-06T18:02:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 humor_propagandas.pdf: 942498 bytes, checksum: ccceb92f33058e5404e26b45302a2152 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nenhuma / A propaganda cumpre um papel importante em favor da sociedade, economia e mercado das empresas. Seu valor no marketing é fundamental, considerada a principal ferramenta de exposição ao público, capaz de modificar comportamentos e atitudes, encantando e persuadindo os mesmos com apelos variados e que fazem a diferença no contexto propagandístico. Isto é, o humor é um apelo considerado irreverente e de sucesso quando bem usado nas peças publicitárias. É um recurso que pode facilitar o interesse do consumidor pela mensagem. Objetiva-se neste estudo aprofundar o entendimento acerca da percepção dos consumidores sobre o humor presente nas propagandas televisivas. Destaca-se, no entanto, que existem poucos estudos que remetem ao apelo humor no Brasil, especificamente nas propagandas televisivas. Para tanto, a presente dissertação contribui com o tema, apresentando estudos bibliográficos de autores seminais e descrevendo um estudo qualitativo no método de amostragem teórica, especificamente como entrevista em profundidade. Abordando doze mulheres, ditas como donas de casa e profissionais de mercado, que dizem gostar de ver televisão, com características biográficas variadas (idade, estado civil, profissão) e consequentemente com características comportamentais bem distintas. Nas etapas metodológicas, as participantes foram entrevistadas separadamente (uma por uma), totalizando nove perguntas, mas ressaltando, quando necessário, a realização de "subperguntas", a fim de instigar e fazê-las falar e exprimir sentimentos, emoções e valores. O método dessa entrevista expõe tais condições, tendo em vista que sua intenção é levantar todos esses dados comportamentais para uma conclusão satisfatória do estudo. A entrevistadora, dita como investigadora (STRAUSS, 2008), não tendência as respostas, mas faz as entrevistadas responderem com detalhes, buscando envolvê-las para assim perceber e aprofundar nas suas formas de comunicação verbal ou não-verbal o assunto proposto. Depois dessa etapa, fazem-se as análises comparando respostas e avaliando, numa visão sistêmica e num foco aprofundado, o olhar que as mesmas têm em relação ao humor nas propagandas. Diante dessa proposta, o estudo constata que há um comportamento positivo, um olhar notável na aceitação do humor nas propagandas que condiciona e acaba influenciando no quesito lembrança e "no chamar a atenção" do telespectador, embora o atributo humor deva estar unido a outros elementos-chaves que ajudam e favorecem a persuasão, como por exemplo, a criatividade contextual, a necessidade dos produtos na visão do consumidor, o preço, o nome, os personagens, entre outros. O fato de aceitar e ver o humor como um apelo forte e dito como diferencial pode estabelecer uma relação direta junto à intenção da compra, mas nessa condição, são necessários mais estudos e métodos diferenciados para admitir tal hipótese com exatidão. Com o estudo, pode-se constatar que o indivíduo vê a propaganda humorística, quando "bem feita", com "bons olhos". De acordo com as entrevistadas, o comercial que utiliza o humor fica na lembrança do indivíduo, associa o produto à propaganda, e como consequência, serve de auxílio no ato da compra. Quanto às implicações acadêmicas e sugestões a dar continuidade a futuros estudos são expostos no fim da dissertação. / Advertising plays an important role for society, economy and business market. Its value in marketing is crucial, as the leading tool for public exposure, can change behavior and attitudes, charming and persuading them with varied and appeals that make a difference in the context propaganda. The humor is irreverent and considered an appeal of success when properly used in the materials. It is a resource that can facilitate the interests of consumers by the message. The objective of this study was to deepen the understanding of consumers perceptions of the humor present in television advertisements. Stands out, however, that there are few studies that refer the appeal humor in Brazil, specifically in television advertisements. To that end, this paper contributes to the topic, presenting bibliographical studies author seminal and a qualitative study describing the method of theoretical sampling, specifically as in-depth interview, covering twelve women, spoken as housewives and professional market, which say they enjoy watching television, with various biographical characteristics (age, marital status, occupation) and consequently with very different behavioral Characteristics. In methodological steps, participants were interviewed separately (one by one), totaling nine questions, but noting, where necessary the creation of sub-questions in order to instigate and make them talk and express feelings, emotions and values. The method of this interview exposes these conditions, remembering that their intention is to raise all these behavioral data to meet the study. The interviewer said to the researcher (Strauss, 2008) tendency not the answers but does the interviewees respond in detail to involve them trying to understand and thus deepen in its forms of verbal or nonverbal communication the matter proposed. After this step, make up the analysis by comparing and evaluating responses in a systemic view and a focus depth look that they have in relation to humor in advertising. Given this proposal, the study finds that there is a positive attitude, a look at the remarkable acceptance of humor in advertisements that conditions influencing and ends in the question and remembrance in calling the attention of the viewer, although the mood attribute should be attached to other elements Key which help promote and persuasion, such as contextual creativity, the need for vision products in the consumer price, the names, characters, among others. The fact accept and see humor as a strong call said as differential can establish a direct relationship with the intention of buying, but in this condition, further studies are needed and different methods to admit this hypothesis accurately. With the study, one can see that the individual sees the humorous advertisement, when well done with good eyes, according to the interviewees, the shopping is in remembrance of the individual, associate product advertising, and as a consequence serves as an aid in the purchase. As for the academic implications and suggestions for future studies continue to be exposed at the end of the dissertation.
678

Mecanismos de mitigação de danos na convenção de Viena sobre compra e venda internacional de mercadorias

Pereira, Bruno Barcellos 28 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-07-28T18:29:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Barcellos Pereira.pdf: 734324 bytes, checksum: 762042239634bfe73f5374a41715ae82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T18:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Barcellos Pereira.pdf: 734324 bytes, checksum: 762042239634bfe73f5374a41715ae82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / In this globalized world, the international trade of goods and the capital movements between parties based in two or more countries has grown rapidly and dynamically. Over the years, these commercial transactions have generated legal uncertainty in international trade relations, both for sellers and buyers, since there was no uniformity in the standards that would be applied to solve the problems arising from international trade, such as: lack of delivery of goods, non-conformity of delivered goods, delivery of goods beyond the contract deadline, non-conforming international purchase and sale documentation, delivery of goods in a place other than the named place of destination, as well as any other substantial default under the purchase and sale agreement. The aforementioned issues cause financial, economic and tax losses, since the economic balance of the agreement is bound to its fulfillment in the terms in which it was entered into. This situation was exacerbated by the lack of a uniform standard, and by the fact that some countries follow the civil law system, while others follow the common law. Thus, a movement began in search of a uniformization of standards, culminating in the approval of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. In this sense, the present dissertation approaches, first, the historical evolution, the approval of the text of the Convention and its normative structure. Afterwards, we discuss the application of the Convention in national territory from the perspective of the treaty. Next, an analysis will be carried out on the overall trading system and the good faith of the contracting parties. In sequence, we will assess the instruments of mitigation of damages in the international trade of goods, highlighting and studying their mechanisms, and how the Convention aims to mitigate the damages in international trade. All to conclude whether the means proposed by the international treaty can produce the desired effects or not. / No cenário de um mundo globalizado, a relação de compra e venda internacional de mercadorias e a circulação de capital, entre partes sediadas em dois ou mais países, cresceram de forma rápida e dinâmica. Ao longo dos anos, essas transações comerciais geraram inseguranças nas relações jurídicas internacionais, tanto para os vendedores quanto para os compradores, posto que não havia uma uniformidade quanto à norma que seria aplicada para dirimir os problemas advindos do comércio internacional, tais como: a falta de entrega das mercadorias, mercadorias em desconformidade com as contratadas, entrega de mercadorias fora do prazo contratado, documentação da compra e venda internacional em desconformidade, entrega de mercadorias fora do lugar de destino, bem como qualquer outro inadimplemento substancial do contrato de compra e venda. Os citados problemas geram danos financeiros, econômicos e tributários, posto que o equilíbrio econômico do contrato está vinculado ao seu cumprimento nos termos em que foi celebrado. Essa situação era agravada em face à inexistência de uma norma uniforme, e pelo fato de alguns países adotarem a civil law e outros, o sistema da common law. Assim sendo, iniciou-se um movimento em busca da harmonização das normas, culminando na aprovação da Convenção sobre Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação aborda, primeiramente, a evolução histórica, a aprovação do texto da Convenção e a sua estrutura normativa. Após, será discutida a aplicação da Convenção em território nacional sob a ótica do tratado. Em seguida, será realizada análise sobre o sistema comercial global e da boa-fé dos contratantes. Por seguinte, serão avaliados os instrumentos de mitigação de danos no comércio de mercadorias internacionais, salientando e estudando os seus mecanismos, e como a Convenção pretende mitigar os danos no comércio internacional, para ao final, concluir se os meios propostos pelo tratado internacional são capazes de gerar os efeitos desejados ou não.
679

Regularização fundiária em terrenos de marinha.

Bacellar, Luis Fernando 28 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-07-28T19:07:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Bacellar.pdf: 701385 bytes, checksum: d64306a2f526baa5c5dafb91486390f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T19:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Bacellar.pdf: 701385 bytes, checksum: d64306a2f526baa5c5dafb91486390f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / In this globalized world, the international trade of goods and the capital movements between parties based in two or more countries has grown rapidly and dynamically. Over the years, these commercial transactions have generated legal uncertainty in international trade relations, both for sellers and buyers, since there was no uniformity in the standards that would be applied to solve the problems arising from international trade, such as: lack of delivery of goods, non-conformity of delivered goods, delivery of goods beyond the contract deadline, non-conforming international purchase and sale documentation, delivery of goods in a place other than the named place of destination, as well as any other substantial default under the purchase and sale agreement. The aforementioned issues cause financial, economic and tax losses, since the economic balance of the agreement is bound to its fulfillment in the terms in which it was entered into. This situation was exacerbated by the lack of a uniform standard, and by the fact that some countries follow the civil law system, while others follow the common law. Thus, a movement began in search of a uniformization of standards, culminating in the approval of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. In this sense, the present dissertation approaches, first, the historical evolution, the approval of the text of the Convention and its normative structure. Afterwards, we discuss the application of the Convention in national territory from the perspective of the treaty. Next, an analysis will be carried out on the overall trading system and the good faith of the contracting parties. In sequence, we will assess the instruments of mitigation of damages in the international trade of goods, highlighting and studying their mechanisms, and how the Convention aims to mitigate the damages in international trade. All to conclude whether the means proposed by the international treaty can produce the desired effects or not. / No cenário de um mundo globalizado, a relação de compra e venda internacional de mercadorias e a circulação de capital, entre partes sediadas em dois ou mais países, cresceram de forma rápida e dinâmica. Ao longo dos anos, essas transações comerciais geraram inseguranças nas relações jurídicas internacionais, tanto para os vendedores quanto para os compradores, posto que não havia uma uniformidade quanto à norma que seria aplicada para dirimir os problemas advindos do comércio internacional, tais como: a falta de entrega das mercadorias, mercadorias em desconformidade com as contratadas, entrega de mercadorias fora do prazo contratado, documentação da compra e venda internacional em desconformidade, entrega de mercadorias fora do lugar de destino, bem como qualquer outro inadimplemento substancial do contrato de compra e venda. Os citados problemas geram danos financeiros, econômicos e tributários, posto que o equilíbrio econômico do contrato está vinculado ao seu cumprimento nos termos em que foi celebrado. Essa situação era agravada em face à inexistência de uma norma uniforme, e pelo fato de alguns países adotarem a civil law e outros, o sistema da common law. Assim sendo, iniciou-se um movimento em busca da harmonização das normas, culminando na aprovação da Convenção sobre Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação aborda, primeiramente, a evolução histórica, a aprovação do texto da Convenção e a sua estrutura normativa. Após, será discutida a aplicação da Convenção em território nacional sob a ótica do tratado. Em seguida, será realizada análise sobre o sistema comercial global e da boa-fé dos contratantes. Por seguinte, serão avaliados os instrumentos de mitigação de danos no comércio de mercadorias internacionais, salientando e estudando os seus mecanismos, e como a Convenção pretende mitigar os danos no comércio internacional, para ao final, concluir se os meios propostos pelo tratado internacional são capazes de gerar os efeitos desejados ou não.
680

Effects of GM Disclosure Statements on Consumer Perceptions of Selected Food Products in Survey and Sensory Panel Settings

Newcomb, Ellyn Margaret 01 April 2017 (has links)
The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (PL 114-216) will require nearly all foods sold in the U.S. to bear a statement disclosing whether they contain genetically modified (GM) material. Past studies suggest the presence of such a statement could have profound effects on consumers; however, research comparing consumer response towards different GM-disclosure statements is scarce. PL 114-216 states that GM foods shall not be considered more or less safe than their non-bioengineered counterparts, nevertheless it would benefit regulators and food manufacturers to be aware of the possible effects such disclosures might have on consumers. In a nationwide survey, multiple disclosure statements with varying degrees of public familiarity were compared to evaluate consumer perceptions and attitudes associated with each statement. Average consumer knowledge level of GM processes was also measured. The statements were then paired with actual food items to determine whether specific product categories influenced consumer responses. A select few of these statements and foods were included in a taste panel, allowing researchers to analyze if disclosure statements affected a consumer's sensorial experience. Results suggested that consumers were most favorable towards statements indicating the absence of GM-material, however they also responded less negatively towards new disclosure statements that do not have negative connotations. Additionally, consumers may react differently depending on the food accompanying a particular disclosure, although the taste panel data found no evidence that statements affected actual eating experience. Importantly, data from both surveys and taste panel suggested a disclosure statement may affect consumer willingness to buy a product.

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