La presente investigación busca determinar la incidencia de los factores a partir del Modelo Unificado de Adopción y Uso de Tecnología (UTAUT 2) en la intención de compra a través del comercio electrónico B2C de los vacacionistas nacionales que pertenecen a la Generación X entre 35 a 50 años de Lima Metropolitana en la industria turística durante el 2020. Se presentarán como parte de la investigación la definición del comercio electrónico, la industria del turismo en el Perú y la definición de vacacionista nacional. Asimismo, se desarrollarán las características de las personas que pertenecen a la Generación X de Lima Metropolitana, así como la evolución de las teorías de modelos de adopción de tecnologías. Se empleó una investigación cuantitativa, de alcance explicativo, diseño transversal no experimental. A través de encuestas realizadas a 384 personas pertenecientes al público objetivo de la investigación; donde se recolectó la data y mediante el uso de la herramienta estadística informática SPSS; se comprobó que los factores del modelo UTAUT 2 si influyen en el comercio electrónico en la industria del turismo del Perú para los vacacionistas nacionales pertenecientes a la Generación X. También se encontró el nivel de relación de los factores del UTAUT 2 con la intención de compra, siendo el factor Precio el más significativo. / The present investigation seeks to identify the incidence of the factors from The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT 2) in the intention of purchase through the B2C e-commerce of the domestic tourist who belong to the Generation X between 35 to 50 years of Metropolitan Lima in the tourist industry during the 2020. The definition of e-commerce, the tourism industry in Peru, and the definition of domestic tourist will be presented as part of the research. Likewise, the characteristics of the people who belong to Generation X of Metropolitan Lima will be developed, as well as the evolution of the theories and models of adoption of technologies. A quantified research was used, with an explanatory scope, non-experimental transversal design. Through surveys carried out on 384 people belonging to the target public of the investigation; where the data was collected and through the use of the computer statistical tool SPSS; it was verified that the factors do influence the electronic commerce in the tourism industry for the national vacationers belonging to Generation X. We also found the level of relationship of the UTAUT 2 factors with the intention to purchase, being the price factor the most significant one. / Tesis

The study investigated the role of knowledge (objective knowledge and subjective knowledge) and the importance of country-of-origin in female consumers’ purchasing intent of exotic crocodile leather accessories. The study was conducted across South Africa and specifically concentrated on exotic crocodile leather accessories, which is a subset category in the luxury apparel industry. Consulta Research is a professional research company and was consulted to assist with the data collection. A quantitative descriptive approach was followed by developing an electronic survey design. Data was collected by using a selfadministrated online questionnaire, which was distributed by a research company. A crosssectional study was used to conduct the research. The data was collected by means of nonprobability convenient sampling. A total of 337 questionnaires were completed. Scales from previous research studies were adapted for the purpose of this study. The questionnaire was part of a bigger study and only five sections of the questionnaire were relevant to this specific study. Descriptive and association methods were used to analyse the data. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation were used to analyse the data by means of relationships between variables. This study attempts to differentiate between consumers’ objective and subjective knowledge of luxury leather accessories. The construct objective knowledge was theoretically divided into intrinsic-related attributes and extrinsic-related attributes of the products of investigation. The relationship between objective knowledge and purchasing intent as well as the relationship between the importance of country-of-origin information and purchasing intent of exotic crocodile leather accessories was investigated. The findings regarding exotic crocodile leather accessories showed that females’ objective and subjective knowledge is limited, did not seem to find country-of-origin information important, had a weak purchase intent, and indicated that there was statistical significance only between the female consumers’ purchasing intent and their objective knowledge regarding the intrinsicrelated attributes of exotic crocodile leather accessories. The limitations of the study are that the results are based on non-probability convenience sampling, therefore the findings cannot be generalized to the whole South Africa, or to all the exotic leather industry markets for affluent consumers. One would have liked to have approached a population group that consisted of affluent respondents with an annual household income of more than R100 000. The study’s findings can contribute to the South African exotic crocodile leather industry and specifically to retailers, manufacturers, tanneries, and marketers. The findings and conclusions drawn in this study contribute to existing theory and could serve as the basis for future research in consumer behaviour, consumer science and the luxury exotic leather industry in South Africa. / Die studie het die rol van produk-kennis (objektiewe kennis en subjektiewe kennis) en die belangrikheid van inligting aangaande land-van-oorsprong in vroulike verbruikers se koopintensie met betrekking tot eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede ondersoek. Die studie is regoor Suid-Afrika uitgevoer, en daar is spesifiek gekonsentreer op eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede, wat ʼn sub-kategorie in die luukse klerebedryf uitmaak. Consulta Research is ʼn professionele navorsingsmaatskappy en is geraadpleeg om te help met die data-insameling. ʼn Kwantitatiewe deskriptiewe benadering is gevolg deur ʼn elektroniese opname-ontwerp te ontwikkel. Die data is ingesamel deur die gebruik van ʼn selftoegepaste aanlyn-vraelys, wat deur ʼn navorsingsmaatskappy versprei is. ʼn Dwarssneestudie is gebruik om die navorsing te doen. Die data is ingesamel deur middel van niewaarskynlikheids- gerieflikheid-steekproefneming. ʼn Totaal van 337 vraelyste is voltooi. Skale uit vorige navorsingstudies is aangepas vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie. Die vraelys het deel gevorm van ʼn groter studie en slegs vyf afdelings van die vraelys het betrekking op hierdie spesifieke studie. Pearson-korrelasie en Spearman-korrelasie is gebruik om die data deur middel van die verhoudings tussen veranderlikes te analiseer. Hierdie studie poog om te onderskei tussen die verbruikers se objektiewe en subjektiewe produk-kennis van luukse leer-produkte. Die produk wat genavors word se objektiewe kennis is teoreties onderverdeel in intrinsiek-verwante kenmerke en ekstrinsiek-verwante eienskappe. Die verhouding tussen objektiewe kennis en koopintensie, asook die verhouding tussen die belangrikheid van inligting aangaande die land-van-oorsprong en die koopintensie met betrekking tot eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede is ondersoek. Die bevindinge met betrekking tot eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede het getoon dat vroulike verbruikers beperkte objektiewe kennis en subjektiewe kennis beskik, blykbaar nie inligting aangaande land-van-oorsprong as belangrik beskou nie, ʼn swak koopintensie het, en het aangedui dat daar statistiese beduidendheid was slegs tussen die vroulike verbruikers se koopintensie en hul objektiewe kennis aangaande die intrinsiek-verwante eienskappe van eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede. Die beperkinge van die studie is dat die resultate gebaseer was op nie-waarskynlikheidsgerieflikheidsteekproefneming, wat beteken dat die bevindings nie veralgemeen kan word na die hele Suid-Afrika nie, of na al die eksotieseleer-bedryfsmarkte vir welgestelde verbruikers nie. ʼn Mens sou graag ʼn populasiegroep wou kon bestudeer wat bestaan uit welgestelde respondente met ʼn jaarlikse huishoudelike inkomste van meer as R100 000. Die studie se bevindinge kan bydra tot die Suid-Afrikaanse eksotiese krokodilleerbedryf en spesifiek vir kleinhandelaars, vervaardigers, leerlooierye, en bemarkers. Die bevindinge en gevolgtrekkings in hierdie studie dra by tot bestaande teorie en kan dien as die basis vir toekomstige navorsing in verbruikersgedrag, verbruikerswetenskappe en die luukse, eksotiese leerbedryf in Suid-Afrika. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Consumer Science / MConsumer Science / Unrestricted

Research questions:  How do social media influencers affect fashion purchase intent? How is slow fashion behavior affected by social media influencers?                                 Purpose:                  The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible effects that social media influencers have on slow fashion behavior, in addition to explore the effects of social media influencers on fashion purchase intent. Method:                   This research was conducted through a quantitative study and the data was collected using an online survey. The survey was constructed and distributed in collaboration with a research group at Mälardalen University.  Conclusion:             This study confirms that influencers have the possibility to influence consumers’ behavior and provides initial insight into how their communities can affect consumers. The study concludes that influencers can persuade consumers to purchase fashion products online. However, there is ambiguity into how much influencers affect consumers. The study showed that the relationship between influencers and their communities is not clear, and especially how the two concepts interact in the way they influence consumers to behave more sustainably. Despite the complex relationship, both have the capability to positively and negatively affect consumers’ slow fashion behavior. While consumers may not employ all behaviors favorable in the slow fashion movement, any positive behavior will make a difference.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores claves del comportamiento del consumidor de Lima metropolitana mayor de edad, que influyen en la intención de compra de productos funerarios a futuro en parques cementerio. Esta investigación se realizó con el fin de brindar un sustento valido a la industria funeraria para alinear las necesidades de los consumidores con la oferta de valor de los parques cementerios realizando una investigación mixta. La investigación cualitativa se aplicó a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a expertos en la industria. Posteriormente se aplicó la investigación cuantitativa, donde se encuestó a una muestra representativa de la población. El primer paso para la investigación fue la búsqueda y análisis de las principales teorías que explican el tema. Seguidamente se aplicó la investigación cuantitativa y tras su análisis, se concluyó que la hipótesis general es aceptada. Se concluyó que los factores que influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor y la intención de compra en orden de relevancia son: 1. Personales, 2. Sociales, 3. Psicológicos y 4. Culturales. Esto permite definir a los participantes del mercado estrategias y decisiones más relevantes con respecto a los consumidores. Secundariamente se concluyó que los cuatro factores son relevantes para el comportamiento del consumidor. Además, se descubrió que a diferencia de lo que indica la teoría, no es el factor cultural el más relevante, sino los factores personales. Finalmente, se recomienda el uso de la herramienta de investigación cuantitativa y el marco teórico para futuros análisis de la industria. / The present investigation has as objective to identify the key factors that influence the consumer behavior on future funerary products in the Metropolitan Lima area. The end investigation was to provide a valid source of facts that would allow the industry to align its value offer to the public needs. To reach this goal, a mixt research was done, for the qualitative research, three industry experts where interviewed. For the quantitative research, a representative sample was surveyed. The first step for this investigation was a profound theory research and its analysis. Next, the application of the quantitative research, and after its analysis, it was conclusive that the general hypothesis was accepted. The key factors that influence consumer behavior on purchase decision in relevance order are: 1. Personal, 2. Social, 3. Psychological and 4. Cultural. This allows the market participants to define their strategies and decisions in a relevant manner to the consumers preferences. Secondly, it was concluded that this for factors are relevant for consumer behavior. Also, it was discovered that differently to what the theory states, it is not the cultural factor the most relevant but the personal factor for the consumer behavior in this specific market. Finally, the use of the present research tool and theory for the future analysis of the funeral industry. / Tesis

The purpose of this study is to determine how effective celebrity endorsements are in regards to the type of gift purchase one decides to make (i.e., buying for someone who has a high significant meaning to the buyer, such as a best friend, versus buying for someone who has a low significant meaning to the buyer, such as a casual friend). The study seeks to extend upon the anthropology research exploring gift-giving and marketing research exploring celebrity endorsements by applying the tenants of the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). This study uses an experimental procedure in order to determine the effect of using celebrity endorsements on buyers' attitudes and purchase intentions for gift-giving purchases in low and high involving categories. Results indicate that celebrity endorsements have no influence on attitudes and purchase intention in different product involvement and gift giver-receiver conditions.

This study explored the relevance of sustainability labelling for Chinese consumers’ perception of the luxuriousness of, and purchase intent for sustainability-labelled exotic leather accessories. The Wiedmann, Hennigs and Siebels’ Luxury Value Perception Scale (2007), as well as the Vigneron and Johnson’s (2004) Brand Luxury Index (BLI) model as adapted by Kim and Johnson (2015) served as the conceptual framework for the study. An online questionnaire was distributed across China and completed by willing participants. Qualtrics, a reputable international market research platform, used their extensive database of consumers for sampling purposes and managed to collect 526 completed and usable questionnaires. All participants had visited South Africa in the last five years or have the intention of visiting in the next five years. Both males and females were included in the study provided that they fell into the millennial generational cohort as of the year 2019 (born between 1979 and 2000). Data analysis was achieved through exploratory factor analysis and the calculation of the Cronbach alpha coefficients and eigenvalues. The outcome of the factor analysis for the sample identified three factors instead of the four factors proposed by the original Wiedmann, Hennigs and Siebels (2007) scale, namely “Pleasure”, “Others” and “Financial”. It seems that the Chinese millennials in this study considered everything that exotic leather accessories can do for them on a functional an individual level as one concept, named “Pleasure”. Additionally, respondents indicated that the “Pleasure” value perception was also the most important to them. Social items of the original scale loaded on the “Others” factor and although a little less important than the “Pleasure” factor, it is particularly important to the respondents in this study to know what others think of people who use certain exotic leather accessories. Finally, Financial items of the original scale loaded on the respondents’ “Financial” factor, which was considered to be the least important for the respondents in this study. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to investigate whether the sample differed with regard to their perceptions of the factors “Pleasure”, “Others” and “Financial”. Post hoc analyses showed that there were significant differences with regard to all pairwise comparisons. The highest score was obtained on Pleasure, followed by Financial and Others. The outcome of the factor analysis for the sample’s perception of the luxuriousness of the four different sustainability-labels identified one identical factor for each of the four labels, instead of the five factors of the revised Kim and Johnson (2015) scale. The factor was named “Luxuriousness”. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to investigate whether the sample differed with regard to the respondents’ perceptions of the luxuriousness between the four labels, however post hoc analyses revealed no significant differences with regard to any pairwise comparison. The outcome of the factor analysis for the sample’s purchasing intent, based on Spears and Singh’s (2004) scale indicated that the respondents had in all four cases a very strong purchasing intent for the sustainable exotic accessories, with only small differences between the four differently labelled exotic leather accessories. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to investigate whether the sample differed with regard to their purchase intentions for the four labels. Post hoc analyses showed that there was a statistically significant difference between respondents’ purchase intent for Label 2 and Label 4, as well as a statistically significant difference between respondents’ purchase intent for Label 3 and Label 4. Respondents’ purchase intentions for both Labels 2 and 3 were therefore significantly higher than their purchase intent for Label 4. According to the results, there were statistically highly significant strong, positive correlations between the respondents’ most important Pleasure luxury value perception and their Purchase Intent for all four labels. Therefore, the more important the Pleasure luxury value perception becomes, the stronger becomes the respondents’ Purchase Intent for all four sustainability labelled accessories. Results of this study make positive contributions for various role players within the exotic leather industry. Manufacturers, retailers and marketers can all benefit from the results of the study. Recommendations for industry and future research are made. / Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Consumer Science / MConsumer Science / Unrestricted

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how dimensions of Country of Origin Image (COI) can impact the purchase propensity of consumers. Drawing on the literature of international marketing, consumer behaviour, and social psychology, an experiment with a three-product category (experiential, functional, and symbolic) was designed to analyse purchase propensity of Swedish consumers for Brazilian products. To collect the data, Swedish consumers divided into three groups were part of the experiment. Each group had contact with one product category having five advertisements with different appeals, answering a survey sent via e-mail. Overall, COI appeals was found to have a higher purchase propensity benefit than no COI. Evidence was found that dimensions have different purchase propensity benefit among the product categories. The findings offer evidence that in a cultural distance setting, COI appeals should be implemented for the increase of purchase propensity, with adaptation based on context. / <p>Due to the Coronavirus pandemic, the presentation took place on-line, in a Zoom conference.</p>

El comercio electrónico es una tendencia que está en aumento en el Perú. Sin embargo, el consumidor peruano percibes diferente riesgo al momento de comprar a través de supermercados online. Estos riesgos no son los mismos en todas las categorías; es por ello que en la presente investigación se estudiará los riesgos que perciben los hombre y mujeres de 25 a 35 años al momento de comprar productos de consumo masivo. Las variables que se han elegido son los riesgos de producto, conveniencia y privacidad.  Para lograr comprobar las hipótesis que se plantean en el presente estudio se ha realizado una investigación mixta. En el estudio cualitativo se realizó focus y entrevistas a los consumidores de los supermercados online. Además, se realizaron tres en entrevistas a expertos en el tema. En el estudio cuantitativo, se realizó una encuesta, la cual se aplicó a 250 personas.  Además, el análisis que se realizó fue correlacional entre la intención de compra y los tres riesgos percibidos que se analizaron. Luego de procesar la información, se obtuvo que sí existe una relación entre el riesgo de “producto”, “conveniencia” y “privacidad” con la “intención de compra”. / In order to verify the hypotheses raised in this study, a mixed investigation has been carried out. In the qualitative study, focus and interviews with consumers of online supermarkets were carried out. In addition, three were conducted in interviews with experts on the subject. In the quantitative study, a survey was conducted, which was applied to 250 people. In addition, the analysis that was performed was correlational between the purchase intention and the three perceived risks that were analysed. After processing the information, it was obtained that there is a relationship between the risk of “product”, “convenience” and “privacy” with the “purchase intention”. / Trabajo de investigación

En los últimos años, el mercado de bebidas alcohólicas “ready to drink” ha crecido a pasos agigantados siendo el segmento dentro de la categoría de bebidas alcohólicas que mayor crecimiento ha tenido. Las empresas y emprendedores han notado esto y quieren ser participes del éxito de las “ready to drink”. Actualmente el mercado lo lideran las marcas Piscano y Smirnoff; sin embargo, las marcas más pequeñas pueden ganar terreno en el punto de venta si usan adecuadamente su etiqueta para comunicar el posicionamiento de la marca y llegar a su público objetivo. Según los expertos y los propios consumidores, el diseño de las etiquetas tiene un margen de mejora en el mercado peruano. Por ello es que se realiza la siguiente investigación, con el fin de conocer los lineamientos a tomar en cuenta para el diseño del packaging y de esta manera hacer más competitivo el mercado “ready to drink” en el Perú. La presente investigación busca relacionar la comunicación del posicionamiento en las etiquetas con la intención de compra. Para ello, se utilizaron técnicas de recolección de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos que luego de ser analizados se ha logrado obtener lineamientos a tomar en cuenta a la hora del diseño de la etiqueta como, los elementos más relevantes de la etiqueta, su influencia con en el consumidor y la intención de compra. / In recent years, the “ready to drink” alcoholic beverage market has grown by leaps and bounds, being the segment within the category of alcoholic beverages that has grown the most. Companies and entrepreneurs have noticed this and want to be part of the success of "ready to drink". The market is currently led by the Piscano and Smirnoff brands; however, smaller brands can gain ground at the point of sale if they properly use their label to communicate brand positioning and reach their target audience. According to experts and consumers, the design of the labels has a margin of improvement in the Peruvian market. That is why the following research is carried out, in order to know the guidelines to be taken into account for the design of the packaging and thus make the “ready to drink” market in Peru more competitive. The present investigation seeks to relate the communication of the positioning in the labels with the intention of purchase. For this, quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques were used that after being analyzed, it has been possible to obtain guidelines to be taken into account when designing the label as, the most relevant elements of the label, its influence with the consumer and the intention of purchase. / Trabajo de investigación

Research Question: How does the consumer perception of firm behavior towards environmental and social issues affect consumer purchase intention?   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the perception consumers have developed about issues companies in the fashion industry are facing, the CSR activities they are implementing, and the effect these have on the consumer's purchase intent.  Method: The method applied in this empirical study is the quantitative research method with the utilization of an online questionnaire.  Conclusion: CSR practices are introduced voluntarily by companies with the purpose to contribute to the well-being of the community by utilizing corporate resources to achieve that goal. The authors discovered that CSR activities of companies within the fashion industry and the increased visibility of firms´ response to misbehavior do not show a positive effect on the perception of the consumer. Furthermore, the consumers' purchase intention is neither positively influenced by firms´ CSR practices nor is the pricing of a fashion garment demonstrating a favorable impact.