Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-01-12T19:19:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação FELIPE MARTINS MATOS VF.pdf: 1523819 bytes, checksum: 1f6c0c20a2cacf060e2a781c4bba0c81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-12T19:19:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação FELIPE MARTINS MATOS VF.pdf: 1523819 bytes, checksum: 1f6c0c20a2cacf060e2a781c4bba0c81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / CAPES / Este trabalho busca avaliar o impacto dos choques do petróleo sobre a economia de países latino-americanos selecionados com base em dados trimestrais entre 1995 e 2013. As variáveis escolhidas foram PIB, inflação, taxa de juros em conformidade com o modelo de Killian (2009), bem como a taxa de câmbio real e balança comercial, incluídas a fim de rastrear os canais de transmissão dos choques do petróleo. A amostra de países abrange tanto exportadores (Colômbia, México e Venezuela) quanto importadores (Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Peru) de petróleo. Segundo Peersman e Van Robays (2009), em uma análise para economias desenvolvidas, um grupo de países exportadores tenderia a responder de forma semelhante a um choque do petróleo, com o mesmo sendo válido para importadores. A fim de investigar tal hipótese, o presente trabalho utilizou o método VAR-Estrutural para uma avaliação individualizada dos países, aplicando as restrições de sinais para identificação dos choques. O método VAR-Painel foi aplicado como forma de analisar o agregado dos países exportadores e importadores, possibilitando realizar inferências acerca da América Latina. Os resultados demonstram que os países latino-americanos apresentam, em muitos casos, respostas distintas daquelas que estudos semelhantes aplicados a países desenvolvidos preconizariam. A maioria das diferenças pode ser atribuída a particularidades como o controle governamental de preços, a falta de autonomia da autoridade monetária ou a necessidade que economias em desenvolvimento têm de conquistar a confiança dos investidores internacionais. / This study aims to assess the impact of oil shocks on the economy of selected Latin American countries with quarterly data from 1995 to 2013. The chosen variables are GDP, inflation, interest rates according to the model of Killian (2009), as well as the real exchange rate and trade balance, included to track down the transmission channels of oil shocks. The sample of countries covers both oil exporters (Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela) and importers (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru). According to Peersman and Van Robays (2009), in an analysis for developed economies, a group of exporting countries tends to respond similarly to oil shocks, the same being valid for importers. To investigate this hypothesis, this study applies the Structural-VAR method for an individualized assessment of countries, imposing sign restrictions to identify structural shocks. The Panel-VAR method is also applied in order to analyze the aggregate responses to oil shocks in oil exporting and importing countries in Latin America. The results demonstrate that Latin American countries have, in many cases, different responses from what similar studies applied to developed countries have found. Most of the differences can be attributed to peculiarities in those countries, such as government price controls, the lack of autonomy of the monetary authority, etc.

La politique budgétaire procyclique a suscité de nombreuses inquiétudes dans les économies émergentes en raison de ses conséquences négatives sur l’activité économique (ralentissement de la croissance, chômage). Ce travail prolonge ces débats à travers une nouvelle perspective puisque nous examinons les relations bidirectionnelles entre la politique budgétaire et les marchés boursiers sur un panel de 22 économies émergentes de la région Asie-Pacifique au cours de la période 1990 à 2015. Nous estimons tout d’abord une variété de modèles VAR en panel. Les résultats empiriques montrent que les politiques budgétaires dans ces pays ont tendance à être procycliques pour répondre aux rendements des marchés boursiers. Le comportement procyclique se retrouve à la fois dans les dépenses et les recettes publiques. D’autre part, une tentative de consolidation budgétaire dans ces pays a un effet positif sur les cours des actions. Cette étude examine également l’effet non linéaire de la politique budgétaire (mesurée par la dette publique domestique) sur le niveau de développement financier dans la région Asie-Pacifique. Les gouvernements des pays émergents se caractérisent par un degré institutionnel financier moins développé ainsi qu’une forte présence puisqu’ils intervienne sur le marché de la dette domestique. Cette étude montre enfin qu’un meilleur degré des institutions financières aide à discipliner les gouvernements. Les résultats suggèrent un effet négatif de la dette publique sur le développement financier, mais seulement pour un faible niveau de liberté et d’intégration financière. Une liberté et une intégration financière plus élevée réduiraient l’effet d’éviction de la dette publique domestique. / Pro-cyclical fiscal policy has raised concern in many emerging economies due to its adverse consequences to the economic activities (GDP slowdown, unemployment). This thesis takes a different approach to the issue, which aims to examine the bidirectional relationships between fiscal policy and stock market activities in a panel of 22 emerging Asia-Pacific economies over the period 1990-2015. We estimate a variety of Panel Vector Autoregressive models. The empirical results show that fiscal policies in these countries tend to a pro-cyclical path in responding to stock market movements. The pro-cyclical behavior is found with both government expenditure and government revenue. On the other hand, a fiscal consolidation attempt has a rewarding effect on stock prices. This study also investigates the nonlinear effect of fiscal policy (measured by the total domestic public sector debt) on the level of financial development in the Asia-Pacific region. Government of countries emerging are caracterized by a less developed degee of financial institutions and are very present by intervening in the domestic debt market. This study shows that a better degree of financial institution helps to discipline governments. The results suggest a negative effect of domestic public sector debt on financial development, but only at low level of financial freedom and integration. Higher financial freedom and financial integration would reduce the crowding-out effect of domestic public debt.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Em paÃses onde o sistema de governo possui um carÃter descentralizado observa-se uma forte dependÃncia de recursos provenientes das entidades superiores da federaÃÃo, por parte das esferas inferiores da administraÃÃo pÃblica. No Brasil, tal fato à confirmado pelo fato das transferÃncias intergovernamentais representarem, em mÃdia, um volume superior a 88% das receitas totais. Apesar da sua importÃncia na composiÃÃo das receitas das gestÃes municipais, o financiamento da atividade pÃblica via sistema de repasses intergovernamentais pode levar a prejuÃzos na gestÃo municipal. Dentre os principais transtornos que um regime federativo pode sofrer mediante o mecanismo de financiamento das esferas inferiores do governo via transferÃncias constitucionais estÃo o detrimento da utilizaÃÃo da base tributÃria individual e a realizaÃÃo de despesas sem compromisso com uma gestÃo de recursos equilibrada. Diante deste cenÃrio, o objetivo deste trabalho à analisar o impacto das transferÃncias intergovernamentais sobre o esforÃo fiscal e verificar a ocorrÃncia de prÃticas condizentes com a definiÃÃo do efeito flypaper. A descriÃÃo destas relaÃÃes dar-se-à por meio da tÃcnica de Vetores Auto-Regressivos e do modelo de regressÃes QuantÃlicas, ambos em suas versÃes para dados em painel. A base de dados utilizada à composta por informaÃÃes sobre a arrecadaÃÃo, PIB, populaÃÃo, transferÃncias correntes e gastos para 5.293 municÃpios brasileiros entre 1999 e 2009, extraÃdas da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica. Os resultados destacam que as transferÃncias afetam negativamente o esforÃo fiscal dos municÃpios brasileiros, e que nÃo foram observadas condiÃÃes que confirme a prÃtica do efeito flypaper pela administraÃÃo pÃblica municipal no Brasil. Por fim, verificou-se que os efeitos das transferÃncias sobre o comportamento fiscal dos municÃpios brasileiro nÃo sÃo expressos somente para uma anÃlise geral, mas sim, para diferentes quantis da distribuiÃÃo. / In countries where the government system has a decentralized character observes a strong dependence on resources from the higher authorities of the federation, by the lower spheres of government. In Brazil, this fact is confirmed by the fact that intergovernmental transfers represent, on average, a volume higher than 88% of total revenues. Despite its importance in the composition of revenues of municipal administrations, funding of public system via intergovernmental transfers can lead to losses in municipal management. The main inconvenience than a federal system may suffer through the funding mechanism of the lower spheres of government through constitutional transfers is the detriment to the use of the tax base and the realization of individual expenses without commitment to a balanced resource management. In this scenario, the objective of this work is to analyze the impact of intergovernmental grants on tax effort and verify the occurrence of practices consistent with the definition of the flypaper effect. The description of these relationships will give through the technique of Vector Autoregressive and quantile regressions model, in both its versions for panel data. The database used consists of information on the collection, GDP, population, expenditure and current transfers to 5,293 Brazilian municipalities between 1999 and 2009, drawn from the National Treasury and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The results highlight that transfers negatively affect the fiscal effort of municipalities, and that there were no conditions to confirm the practice of flypaper effect by the municipal government in Brazil. Finally, it was found that the effects of the transfer of the tax behavior of Brazilian cities are expressed not only for a general review, but for different quantile of the distribution.

NASCIMENTO, Gabriel Martins do. Taxa de Câmbio e Exportações Líquidas: Uma Análise para os Estados Brasileiros / Gabriel Martins do Nascimento. – 2017. 41 f. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Atuária e Contabilidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2017-09-21T20:05:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_gmnascimento.pdf: 788577 bytes, checksum: 370860c1032eb009a812c5c0a27168fb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2017-09-21T20:06:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_gmnascimento.pdf: 788577 bytes, checksum: 370860c1032eb009a812c5c0a27168fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T20:06:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_gmnascimento.pdf: 788577 bytes, checksum: 370860c1032eb009a812c5c0a27168fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / This paper analyses the short and long run effects of exchange rate devaluation on the net exports, in the total balance, as well as in the balances of basics and industrial goods for a panel of Brazilian states, making use of Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) models and Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (PDOLS) estimators. The first technique is used to investigate the existence of the J curve phenomenon, and the latter, the validity of Marshall-Lerner condition. In all cases, the response of the net exports from that states after an exchange rate devaluation is shown to be positive, thus confirming the Marshall-Lerner condition. This response is greater for trade balance of basic goods. As described by the theoretical model, domestic income presents a negative and statistically robust impact in all net exports considered, while foreign income presents a positive effect. The results still show evidence of the J curve for the total and industrialized goods. / O estudo analisa os impactos de curto e de longo prazo das desvalorizações cambiais sobre as exportações líquidas totais, de básicos e de industrializados para um painel de estados brasileiros a partir da aplicação de modelos Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR), para testar a ocorrência do fenômeno da curva J, e do Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (PDOLS), para investigar a validade da condição de Marshall-Lerner. Em todos os modelos considerados, a reposta das exportações líquidas dos estados brasileiros a uma depreciação cambial se mostra positiva, validando, portanto, a condição de Marshall-Lerner. Essa resposta é maior para os bens básicos. Como previsto pela teoria, a renda doméstica apresenta impacto negativo e estatisticamente robusto sobre o saldo comercial, enquanto que a renda externa apresenta repercussão positiva. Os resultados indicam a ocorrência da curva J para os totais e industrializados.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-27T00:23:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaMirellaSantosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1600284 bytes, checksum: e3a20b9bce54b7ecc437c276e9c72714 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-02T00:17:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaMirellaSantosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1600284 bytes, checksum: e3a20b9bce54b7ecc437c276e9c72714 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T00:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaMirellaSantosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1600284 bytes, checksum: e3a20b9bce54b7ecc437c276e9c72714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos dos aspectos econ?micos sobre a criminalidade, para o per?odo de 1990 a 2010, com a finalidade de verificar as principais causas para o aumento expressivo da criminalidade nos estados brasileiros. Para alcan?ar o objetivo proposto, o estudo se basear? na teoria econ?mica do crime de Becker (1968). Para isto, ser?o utilizados os dados do Sistema de Informa??es sobre Mortalidade do Minist?rio da Sa?de (SIM-DATASUS), Instituto de Pesquisa Econ?mica Aplicada(IPEA) e Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN). As estat?sticas apontam que s?o os jovens as principais v?timas de viol?ncia, principalmente homic?dios. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho ser? constitu?do por dois modelos, com destaque para a influ?ncia das vari?veis de educa??o, renda, desigualdade de renda e pobreza sobre as taxas de homic?dios nos estados brasileiros. Para o primeiro modelo foram considerados os indiv?duos (homens e mulheres) de todas as idades. J? o segundo modelo levou em considera??o apenas os indiv?duos (homens e mulheres) jovens, com idade de 15 a 29 anos. A ideia ? verificar a magnitude do impacto dessas vari?veis econ?micas entre um modelo e outro, j? que a criminalidade tem afetado principalmente os indiv?duos mais jovens. Dessa forma, ser? realizado um estudo considerando a criminalidade nas 27 unidades federativas do Brasil, atrav?s da constru??o de um painel de dados n?o balanceado, utilizando da t?cnica VAR Painel (PVAR), proposto por Holtz-Eakin et al.(1998) estimado pelo m?todo de momentos generalizados (GMM) sist?mico para identificar as poss?veis rela??es existentes entre fatores econ?micos e a criminalidade, atrav?s das fun??es impulso-resposta e decomposi??o de vari?ncia. As estat?sticas descritivas revelam que, nos ?ltimos anos, as taxas de homic?dios v?m apresentando um crescimento cont?nuo, em que os jovens s?o as principais v?timas. Para ambos os modelos, as vari?veis econ?micas apresentaram um comportamento semelhante. Com rela??o ?s vari?veis centrais, os achados emp?ricos sugerem a desigualdade de renda e os efeitos inerciais como um dos principais propulsores da criminalidade. Por outro lado, as evid?ncias revelam que uma eleva??o da renda domiciliar per capita eleva o custo de oportunidade do crime, corroborando com a teoria econ?mica. Dessa maneira, verifica-se a necessidade de pol?ticas p?blicas com foco sobre a diferen?a de renda e/ou reformula??o da pol?tica p?blica nacional de maneira que promova a melhoria social, a fim de combater de forma mais eficaz a criminalidade no Brasil. / This study aims to investigate the effects of the economic aspects of the crime for the period 1990-2010, in order to check the main causes for the sharp increase in crime in the Brazilian states. To achieve the proposed objective, the study will be based on economic theory Becker Crime (1968). For this, data from the System Information Ministry of Health (SIM-DATASUS) will be used, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Treasury Secretariat (STN). Statistics show that young people are the main victims of violence, especially homicides. In this sense, this work will consist of two models, highlighting the influence of education variables, income, income inequality and poverty on homicide rates in the Brazilian states. For the first model were considered the individuals (men and women) of all ages. The second model took into account only individuals (men and women) young people, aged 15-29 years. The idea is to check the magnitude of the impact of economic variables between one model and another, since the crime has affected mainly younger individuals. Thus, there will be a study considering the crime in the 27 federal units of Brazil, by building an unbalanced panel data, using the VAR Panel technique (PVAR), proposed by Holtz-Eakin et al. (1998) to identify the possible relationship between economic factors and crime, through the impulse response and variance decomposition functions. Descriptive statistics show that in recent years, homicide rates have shown a steady increase, in which young people are the main victims. For both models, the economic variables showed a similar behavior. The results obtained by PVAR through impulse response functions and variance decomposition shows that the per capita household income and the incidence of poor negatively affects homicide rates in the Brazilian states. On the other hand, evidence shows that shocks on the gini index provoke positive reactions on homicide rates throughout the series. Thus, there is the need for public policies focusing on the income gap and / or reformulation of national public policy in a way that promotes social improvement, in order to combat more effectively the crime in Brazil.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2384951 bytes, checksum: a3bee8a2bc3dab828b39b947957ad74c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-12T22:53:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2384951 bytes, checksum: a3bee8a2bc3dab828b39b947957ad74c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T22:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2384951 bytes, checksum: a3bee8a2bc3dab828b39b947957ad74c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A concentra??o industrial ? capaz de influenciar as caracter?sticas de determinadas regi?es, algumas vezes de forma construtiva e outras destrutiva. ? importante observar que dependendo da localidade, algumas caracter?sticas se tornam predominantes na atra??o de ind?strias, tais como, tradi??es produtivas, formas de trabalho e o perfil dos consumidores. A Teoria da Nova Geografia Econ?mica, tendo como principais autores Krugman (1991), Fujita (1989), Venables (1996) e Thisse (1996), aborda os efeitos da localiza??o no mercado e, consequentemente, das aglomera??es industriais. O estudo desses autores ? feito a partir da Trindade Marshalliana (transbordamento de conhecimento, fornecedores de insumo e especializa??o do trabalhador) e do Modelo de Concorr?ncia Monopol?stica de Dixit-Stiglitz, que examina como economias de escala, retornos crescentes e custos de transporte podem incentivar ou justificar a concentra??o das firmas em determinadas localidades. No caso brasileiro, Lautert e Ara?jo (2007), Silva e Bacha (2014) e Resende (2015) tratam quest?es que envolvem as aglomera??es industriais. Neste sentido, este trabalho ter? como objetivo principal promover uma an?lise que investigue quais os fatores que influenciaram a concentra??o industrial entre as Unidades Federativas do Brasil no per?odo de 2003 a 2014. Para execu??o desse objetivo, ser? utilizado o ?ndice de Concentra??o Ellison e Glaeser para medir a concentra??o industrial. As vari?veis utilizadas na observa??o dos impactos da concentra??o s?o as proxies, da influ?ncia do governo sobre a concentra??o industrial (al?quota do ICMS), o transbordamento de conhecimento (anos de estudo), externalidades (participa??o regional das firmas, competitividade das firmas) e custo de neg?cio (custos de transporte). Os dados ser?o organizados em forma de painel e ser? elaborado um modelo econom?trico de Vetores Autorregressivos em Painel ? PVAR, que permitir? estudar as rela??es din?micas e mecanismos de ajustes entre as vari?veis analisadas. Como fonte de dados, majoritariamente, utilizam-se dados encontrados na Rela??o Anual de Informa??es Sociais (RAIS), Censo Demogr?fico do IBGE e Banco Central do Brasil. Este estudo contribui com a literatura ao utilizar um ?ndice pouco explorado a n?vel nacional e ferramentas econom?tricas in?ditas para o estudo da concentra??o industrial. Os resultados da an?lise em painel indicam que dentre as vari?veis utilizadas, as que apresentaram maior signific?ncia sobre a concentra??o industrial est?o relacionados ? influ?ncia do governo e as externalidades. Verificou-se que choques relacionados ao transbordamento de conhecimento impactam positivamente na concentra??o industrial. Podemos concluir, portanto, que as externalidades e educa??o formal s?o fatores importantes para atra??o de ind?strias em uma regi?o. / The industrial concentration is capable of influencing the characteristics of certain regions, sometimes constructive and sometimes destructive. It is important to notice that depending on the locality, some characteristics become predominant in attracting industries, such as productive traditions, ways of working and the profile of the consumers. The New Economic Geography Theory, whose main authors are Krugman (1991), Fujita (1989), Venables (1996) and Thisse (1996), approaches the effects of market location and, consequently, industrial agglomerations. The study of these authors is based on the Marshallian Trinity (knowledge overflow, input suppliers and worker specialization) and the Dixit-Stiglitz Monopolistic Competition Model, which examines how economies of scale, increasing returns and transport costs can encourage or sometimes justify the concentration of firms in certain localities. In the Brazilian case, Lautert and Ara?jo (2007), Silva and Bacha (2014) and Resende (2015) deal with issues involving industrial agglomerations. In this sense, this work will promote an analysis that investigates the factors that influenced the industrial concentration between the states of Brazil in the period that goes from 2003 to 2014. In order to achieve this goal, we will use the Ellison and Glaeser Concentration Index to measure the industrial concentration. The variables used to check the impacts of the concentration are the proxies, the influence of the government on the industrial concentration (ICMS rate), the knowledge overflow (years of study), externalities (firms' regional participation and firm competitiveness) and business cost (Transport costs). The data will be organized in panel form and an econometric model of Autorregressive Panel Vectors - PVAR will be elaborated, which will allow to study the dynamic relations and mechanisms of adjustments among the analyzed variables. As a data source, we used the data found in the Annual Social Information Ratio (RAIS), Demographic Census of the IBGE and Central Bank of Brazil. This study contributes to the literature by using an index that has not been explored at a national level and some new econometric tools for the study of industrial concentration. The results of the panel analysis indicate that among the variables used, those that presented the highest significance on industrial concentration are related to government influence and externalities. It was also verified that shocks related to knowledge overflow cause a positive impact on industrial concentration. We can therefore conclude that externalities and formal education are important factors when it comes to attracting industries in a region.

Real estate market prices have proven to be influenced by many driving factors. As suggested by Tiebout's (1956) model, the level of public services was believed to influence people's decision to move geographically, which was called "voting with their feet". The panel data used in this paper were the market price of one- or two- dwelling buildings and the per capita cost of public investment factors in 290 municipalities in Sweden for the period 2011 to 2020. The principal component analysis method was firstly performed to dimensionalize the data and create new index variables. A panel vector autoregressive model based on the GMM estimator was developed, and cluster robust standard errors were used to address autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity. The empirical results showed that in addition to demographic variables, the principal components of government investment variables in traffic infrastructure, youth education and comprehensive health care, had a positive stimulating effect on real estate prices. The results of Granger causality tests showed a positive effect of the increment in house prices on investment in public activities. The IRF plots and variance decomposition of the first-order difference in real estate prices over the next ten periods showed that despite the presence of positive stimulus for public investment, house prices were more independent in the future, which indicated the dominant factor in the movements was itself. / Priserna på fastighetsmarknaden har visat sig påverkas av många faktorer. Enligt Tiebouts (1956) modell trodde man att nivån på de offentliga tjänsterna påverkade människors beslut att flytta geografiskt, vilket kallades "rösta med fötterna". De paneldata som används i denna artikel är marknadspriset på en- eller tvåbostadshus och kostnaden per capita för offentliga investeringsfaktorer i 290 kommuner i Sverige för perioden 2011-2020. Först utfördes PCA-metoden för att dimensionera data och skapa nya indexvariabler. En auktoregressiv panelvektormodell baserad på GMM-estimatorn utvecklades, och klusterrobusta standardfel användes för att hantera autokorrelation och heteroskedasticitet. De empiriska resultaten visade att förutom demografiska variabler hade huvudkomponenterna i de statliga investeringsvariablerna i trafikinfrastruktur, ungdomsutbildning och omfattande hälsovård en positiv stimulerande effekt på fastighetspriserna. Resultaten av Granger-kausalitetstesterna visade att ökningen av huspriserna har en positiv effekt på investeringar i offentlig verksamhet. IRF-plottarna och variansdekompositionen av första ordningens skillnad i fastighetspriserna under de följande tio perioderna visade att trots positiva stimulansåtgärder för offentliga investeringar var huspriserna mer oberoende i framtiden, vilket tydde på att den dominerande faktorn i rörelserna var sig själv.

Corruption is a social evil that resonates far and deep in societies, eroding trust in governance, weakening the rule of law, impairing economic development, and exacerbating poverty, social tension, and inequality. It is a multidimensional and complex societal malady that occurs in various forms and contexts. As such, any effort to combat corruption must be accompanied by a thorough examination of the attributes that might play a key role in exacerbating or mitigating corrupt environments. This dissertation identifies a number of attributes that influence corruption, using machine learning techniques, neural network analysis, and time series causal relationship analysis and aggregated data from 113 countries from 2007 to 2017. The results suggest that improvements in technological readiness, human development index, and e-governance index have the most profound impacts on corruption reduction. This dissertation discusses corruption at each phase of infrastructure systems development and engineering ethics that serve as a foundation for corruption mitigation. The dissertation then applies novel analytical efficiency measurement methods to measure infrastructure inefficiencies, and to rank infrastructure administrative jurisdictions at the state level. An efficiency frontier is developed using optimization and the highest performing jurisdictions are identified. The dissertation’s framework could serve as a starting point for governmental and non-governmental oversight agencies to study forms and contexts of corruption and inefficiencies, and to propose influential methods for reducing the instances. Moreover, the framework can help oversight agencies to promote the overall accountability of infrastructure agencies by establishing a clearer connection between infrastructure investment and performance, and by carrying out comparative assessments of infrastructure performance across the jurisdictions under their oversight or supervision.