Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV12MA157.pdf: 1761237 bytes, checksum: a4e76fceb5827fd60bc05cd58083c57d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-22 / The pear trees are cultivated in several countries, but national production still is inexpressive. The chilling requirement is a limiting fator for the comercial production of temperature fruits due they entry into dormancy. Knowledge of the chilling requirement of the species and cultivar is crucial in order to succeed in the comercial production. When the chilling requirement is not satisfied, many flower and vegetative buds remain dormant, even if environmental conditions are favorable to geowth. The objective of this study was to determine the winter chilling requirement for diferente pear cultivars by biological test. To this aim, year s gtowth branches were collected from diferente cultivars of pear and submitted to diferente periods of continuou refrigeration. Treatments are: 0 (control), 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 hours of cold for less growing demanding and 0 (control) 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, 1050 and 1200 hours of cold, for high growing demanding. At the end of each treatment were sectioned lateral and apical buds and kept it at 25° C ± 2° C with a photoperiod of 16 hours light for 28 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates per treatment. The evaluations were made separately with apical and lateral buds. The variables analyzed were the number of bud break, time for budburst in days and final rate of budburst. There was variation between years due the application of cold for Pera d água, La France, william s and Max Red Bartlett. The cultivars differed in the number of days to first bud break. The depth of dormancy of the buds decreased as the period was increased to exposure to cold, but it was observed that the excesso cold winter may impair the unifotmity of budding in some cultivars / A pereira é uma frutífera cultivada em diversos países, porém a produção brasileira ainda é pouco expressiva. Visto que o requerimento em frio é um fator limitante para a produção comercial de frutas de clima temperado devido a entrada em dormência das mesmas, o conhecimento da necessidade de frio da espécie e da cultivar é fundamental para que se obtenha sucesso na produção. Quando não é satisfeita a exigência em frio, muitas gemas vegetativas e floríferas permanecem dormentes, mesmo que as condições ambientais sejam favoráveis ao crescimento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar as necessidades de frio para indução de brotação em diferentes cultivares de pereira, através do teste biológico de estacas de nós isolados modificado. Para tal, ramos de crescimento do ano foram coletados de diversas cultivares de pera e submetidos a diferentes períodos de frio contínuo em câmara frigorífica, constituindo os tratamentos: 0 (testemunha); 100; 150; 200; 250; 300; 350; 400 horas de frio, para cultivares menos exigentes e 0 (testemunha), 150; 300; 450; 600; 750; 900; 1050 e 1200 horas de frio, para cultivares mais exigentes. Ao final de cada tratamento, foram seccionadas a gema apical e gemas laterais que foram mantidas em temperaturas de 25°C±2°C com fotoperíodo de 16 horas de luz durante 28 dias. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado, com três repetições por tratamento. As avaliações foram feitas separadamente com gemas apicais e com gemas laterais. As variáveis analisadas foram o número de gemas brotadas, tempo médio para brotação em dias e taxa final de brotação. Houve variação no requerimento de frio entre os anos para as cultivares Pera d água, La France, Wiliam s e Max Red Bartlett. As cultivares avaliadas diferenciaram-se quanto ao número de dias para início da brotação de gemas. A profundidade da dormência das gemas diminuiu à medida que se aumentou o período de exposição ao frio, porém observou-se que o excesso em frio hibernal pode prejudicar a uniformidade da brotação em alguns cultivares

Afin d’étudier l’impact de la surmaturation des poires sur les interactions parois-procyanidins, les parois et les procyanidines ont été isolées et caractérisées à partir d’une variété de poire à poiré à deux stade de maturité : mûres et surmatures. Leurs associations ont été quantifiées par la méthode des isothermes de Langmuir et par calorimétrie à titration isotherme.Les poires à poiré sont riches en procyanidines très polymérisées dont les unités constitutives sont principalement constituées de (-)-épicatéchine. Les parois du parenchyme et des cellules parenchymateuses sont principalement constituées de pectines hautement methylées et ramifiées alors que les parois des cellules pierreuses et de l’épiderme sont plutôt lignifiées et riches en hémicelluloses.La surmaturation n’induit pas de modification de la composition et ni de la distribution de la masse molaire des procyanidines. Par contre, la distribution des aggrégats de procyanidines dans les vacuoles change, de dispersée (poires mûres) à adjacente au tonoplaste (poire surmatures). Entre le stade mûr et surmature, les parois de poire perdent des chaînes latérales pectiques, principalement les chaînes d’arabinanes et de galactanes des parois du parenchyme et des cellules parenchymateuses.L'affinité des procyanidines vis-à-vis des parois diminue dans l’ordre suivant : cellules parenchymateuses> parenchyme>cellules pierreuses>épiderme d’après les isothermes de Langmuir. La quantité de procyanidines fixées sur les parois augmente avec la surmaturation surtout pour les parois de cellules pierreuses (et le parenchyme total). La calorimétrie à titration isotherme montre que la surmaturation induit également une modification du mécanisme de l’association parois-procyanidines en modifiant la balance hydrophile hydrophobe pour les cellules parenchymateuses.L'augmentation de la capacité d’adsorption des parois vis-à-vis des procyanidines à la surmaturation a été confirmée par des pressages de jus. Les jus de poires mûres sont plus riches en procyanidines que le jus extraits à partir poires surmatures alors que la concentration en procyanidines dans les fruits n’a pas changé. / In order to study overripening impact on cell wall–procyanidin interactions, perry pear cell walls and procyanidins were isolated and characterized at ripe and overripe stage. Their associations were quantified using Langmuir isotherms and isothermal titration calorimetry.Perry pears were rich in procyanidins with high degree of polymerization and their constitutive units were mainly (-)-epicatechin. Cell walls isolated from the whole flesh and parenchyma cells were characterized by extremely methylated pectin and highly branched rhamnogalacturonans whereas cell walls from stone cells and skin were more lignified and rich in hemicelluloses.Overripening did not modify procyanidin structure and molar mass distribution, but the distribution of the procyanidin-containg aggregates in the vacuoles was modified, from dispersed in ripe pears to close to the tonoplast in overripe pears. Between the ripe and overripe stage, pear cell walls lost pectic side chains, arabinans and galactan, mostly from cell walls isolated from parenchyma cells and the whole flesh.The affinity between procyanidins and cell walls decreased as follows: parenchyma cells > flesh > stone cells > skin as reported by Langmuir isotherms. The amount of bound procyanidins increased at the overripe stage notably for the cell walls from stone cells and whole flesh. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that overripening induced the modification of cell wall binding mechanism especially for parenchyma cells where interactions were driven by hydrophobic interactions.The increase of procyanidin binding capacity at the overripe stage was confirmed by juice pressing where overripe pear juices were poorer in procyanidins than ripe pear juices whereas fruit procyanidin contents did not change with overripening.

Le feu bactérien et le psylle causent d’importantes pertes économiques dans les zones de production du poirier dans le monde entier. Le développement de nouvelles variétés de poirier résistantes à ces bio-agresseurs constitue un enjeu majeur dans le cadre d’un programme de lutte intégrée. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse est l'étude du déterminisme génétique de la résistance vis-à-vis de ces deux bio-agresseurs. La thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une collaboration internationale entre Fondazione Edmund Mach (Italie), Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences (France) et Plant & Food Research (Nouvelle-Zélande). Une descendance interspécifique de poirier T003 x ‘Moonglow’ a été développée avec pour objectif de cumuler les résistances au feu bactérien et au psylle provenant de variétés asiatiques et européennes de Pyrus. Deux cartes génétiques ont été élaborées pour T003 et ‘Moonglow’ sur la base de marqueurs SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) et SSR (microsatellite), et la cartographie de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) a permis de démontrer le déterminisme polygénique de la résistance à ces bio-agresseurs. Une sélection assistée par marqueurs (MAS) peut donc être engagée pour ces deux caractères. Des incompatibilités génétiques ont aussi été observées dans une partie de la descendance, ce qui a permis de cartographier pour la première fois chez le poirier les zones du génome liées au phénomène de « nécrose hybride ». Le développement de marqueurs liés aux gènes létaux devrait permettre aux sélectionneurs d’éviter les combinaisons incompatibles en croisement qui peuvent impacter certains caractères agronomiques co-ségrégant avec ces gènes létaux. / The goal of this PhD project was to study the genetic architecture of pear resistance to two of its most significant diseases and pests, fire blight and psylla, which cause severe yield losses in all the main pear production regions worldwide. The development of new pear varieties with resistance against these two biotic stresses is of major interest for Integrated Pest Management. This project was designed in a joint collaboration among Fondazione Edmund Mach (Italy), Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences (France) and Plant & Food Research (New-Zealand). The interspecific pear F1 progeny T003 x ‘Moonglow’ was developed with the purpose of cumulating resistances to fire blight and psylla deriving from Asian and European pear cultivars. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based genetic maps were built for T003 and ‘Moonglow’. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were detected for the resistances, demonstrating their polygenic nature. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can now be applied for these two traits. Furthermore, the segregating population exhibited genetic incompatibilities, and the genomic regions associated with hybrid necrosis were mapped for the first time in pear. Development of molecular markers linked to the lethal genes should allow breeders to avoid crosses leading to incompatible combinations that could affect the expression of important agronomic traits co-segregating with these genes.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / European pear (Pyrus communis L.) is the third most important fruit in South Africa after citrus and apple. The Agricultural Research Council (ARC) breeding programme seeks to obtain a fully red coloured pear. Sports (mutants) with red skin and reddish leaves of various cultivars occur and some have been used in breeding programmes, where they transmit red colour as a single gene. The red trait in ‘Max Red Bartlett’, a mutant of ‘Bartlett’ (Synonym – ‘Williams Bon Chretien’), was mapped in Italy to linkage group 4 (LG4). At ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa, ‘Bon Rouge’ pear, another red mutant of ‘Williams Bon Chretien’, was crossed with ‘Packham’s Triumph’ generating an F1 population with a segregation of (54:71) red:green, approximating to a 1:1 ratio; indicating a simple Mendelian inheritance of the red trait. The aim of the study was to determine if the ‘Bon Rouge’ red colour trait maps to approximately the same position as the ‘Max Red Bartlett’ red colour trait on LG4, and if so, to identify SSR markers that are mapped closer to the red colour trait than were previously reported. The seven published pear and apple SSR markers mapped in the appropriate region of LG4 in pear and in apple maps were identified and screened in the parents and, where informative, were scored in 125 seedlings for co-segregation analysis. Single locus segregations were checked with JoinMap 4.1 and this program was also used to generate a genetic map for LG4 of the ‘Bon Rouge’ x ‘Packham’s Triumph’ progeny using the SSR markers and the red locus. Two linkage maps were constructed at a LOD threshold of 3 using the Kosambi mapping function, one each with the maximum likelihood and regression mapping algorithms. The genetic linkage map of LG4 of ‘Bon Rouge’ x ‘Packham’s Triumph’ consisted of seven SSR markers (2 from apple and 5 from pear). Markers CH01d03 and CH02c02b were mapped on the same position as the red trait in ‘Max Red Bartlett’ reported by Dondini et al. (2008) and four more markers were added. One of the newly mapped markers, NH011a has been found to be closely linked to the red trait, with an approximate distance of 4 cM. This marker can be used to indirectly select for the red gene in pear, for example to distinguish heterozygotes from homozygotes. This work sets the scene for further genetic studies on the red trait in pear breeding programmes.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-28T14:56:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA212.pdf: 1688114 bytes, checksum: 71b67d2bfd192c590f074c0dd8d458b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T14:56:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA212.pdf: 1688114 bytes, checksum: 71b67d2bfd192c590f074c0dd8d458b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-13 / Capes / Brazil is a country extremely dependent on imported pear (Pyrus spp.), due to low fruit production. There is climatic potential for growing the pear tree in the south region of the country, which reflects in the necessity for studies on the agronomic performance of different cultivars of European pear trees on different soil and climatic conditions in the south of the country. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative and productive aspects of different cultivars of European pear cup on the rootstock quince 'Adams' (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in the mountainous plateau - SC. The experiment was conducted in Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - UDESC, to 937.73 m above sea level, in the city of Lages - SC. The design used in the experiment was randomized block containing three blocks and five plants per plot. Were evaluated the vegetative activity through the trunk diameter, canopy volume, average rate of buds per branch centimeter and growth rate of branches. The production aspects were measured by the mass and number of fruits, phenology, fruit set, fruit growth rate, in addition to the physicochemical characteristics of the fruit. Characterization profiles of the root through the use of SIARCS® computer program was performed, processing and analysis of trenches images, characterizing the root distribution. According to the results, there was no difference to the trunk diameter between cultivars. It was observed in cultivars Rocha and Packham's Triumph the highest cumulative productivity and higher average productive efficiency. The behavior of fruits growth rate and growth rate of branches in the two seasons evaluated was linear. According to phenological data, cultivars Abate Fetel and Rocha present early flowering time, within at least two weeks in relation to the other cultivars. The Packham's Triumph and Santa Maria cultivars has its flowering period coincides with a range of up to a week between their phenological stages. The cultivar William's has its later flowering period up to at least two weeks in relation to others. For root characterization, when analyzing the total root area and root length, the combination Abate Fetel / Adams has greater exploration of soil than combinations Packham's Triumph / Adams and William's / Adams, this combinations implemented in 2008, while there is no significant difference between the combinations evaluated in 2009. The higher density of roots predominates in depth 0-30 centimeters. The combination Abate Fetel / Adams presents a number of root length per profundity greater than combinations Packham's Triumph / Adams, Santa Maria / Adams and William's / Adams. The combination Clapp's Favourite / Adams presents a number of root length per profundity greater than the combination Max Red Bartlett / Adams / O Brasil é um país extremamente dependente da importação de pera (Pyrus spp.) devido à baixa produção da fruta. Existe potencial climático para o cultivo da pereira na região sul do país, o que reflete na necessidade de estudos sobre o desempenho agronômico de diferentes cultivares de pereiras europeias sobre diferentes condições edafoclimáticas na região sul do país. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os aspectos vegetativos e produtivos de diferentes cultivares copa de pereiras europeias sobre o porta-enxerto de marmeleiro „Adams‟ (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) no planalto serrano - SC. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias – UDESC, a 937,73 m de altitude, no município de Lages - SC. O delineamento utilizado no experimento foi blocos ao acaso, contendo três blocos e cinco plantas por parcela. Avaliou-se a atividade vegetativa, através do diâmetro de tronco, volume de copa, índice médio de gemas por centímetro de ramo, taxa de crescimento de ramos. Os aspectos produtivos foram mensurados através da massa e número de frutos, fenologia, frutificação efetiva, taxa de crescimento de frutos, além das características físico-químicas dos frutos. Foi realizada a caracterização dos perfis radiculares através do uso de programa computacional SIARCS®, pelo processamento e análise de imagens de trincheiras, caracterizando a distribuição de raízes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, não se observou diferença para o diâmetro de tronco entre as cultivares avaliadas. Foi observado nas cultivares Rocha e Packham‟s Triumph a maior produtividade acumulada e a maior eficiência produtiva média. O comportamento de crescimento de frutos e ramos nas duas safras avaliadas foi linear. De acordo com os dados fenológicos, as cultivares Abate Fetel e Rocha apresentam sua época de florescimento mais precoce, em até no mínimo duas semanas em relação as demais cultivares. As cultivares Packham‟s Triumph e Santa Maria tem seu período de florescimento coincidente, com intervalo de até uma semana entre seus estádios fenológicos. A cultivar William‟s tem seu período de florescimento mais tardio em até no mínimo duas semanas em relação às demais. Para a caracterização radicular, Quando analisado o valor total de área de raiz e comprimento de raiz, a combinação Abate Fetel/Adams tem maior exploração do solo do que as combinações Packham‟s Triumph/Adams e William‟s/Adams, para as combinações implantadas em 2008, enquanto não há diferença significativa entre as combinações avaliadas em 2009. A maior densidade das raízes predomina na profundidade de 0 a 30 centímetros. A combinação Abate Fetel/Adams apresenta um número de comprimento de raiz por faixa de profundida maior do que as combinações Packham‟s Triumph/Adams, Santa Maria/Adams e William‟s/Adams. A combinação Clapp‟s Favourite/Adams apresenta um número de comprimento de raiz por profundidade maior do que a combinação Max Red Barlett/Adams

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV09MA033.pdf: 454969 bytes, checksum: 67852c8e8b73af524f20dddd33667e7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-08 / The pear cultivation in Brazil is the less prominent among the fruit produced and is considered the most imported fruit. The production of pears in Brazil is low because there are other fruit more adapted to the climate of country, with high quality and quickly economic returns for the producers. The in vitro propagtion is a way ro attend the producer s demando f cultivars with quality, because of its efficiency and good technical and economic return. There isn t suficiente production of pear seedings, because there is a lack of protocols for in vitro propagation. The objective of this paper was to establish a simple protocol for in vitro propagation of pear, cv. Packam s Triumph, to produce healthy and quality seedlings to increase national production of pears. Experiments were performed for each stage of in vitro propagation. For in vitro establishment were tested diferente explants and asepsis. The explants were buds from mother plants in the greenhouse room, meristems and buds from mother plants of the field. The asepsis tested were hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite. The variables analyzed were oxidation, bacterial and fungal contamination. For the in vitro multiplication BAP was tested at concentrations 0.2, 0.8, 1.4 and 2.0 mg.L¯¹ in two types of culture médium (MS and MS⅟2). The variables analyzed were number of buds and length of shoots. For the in vitro rooting the auxins NAA and IBA were tested in concentrations 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mg.L¯¹. the variables amalyzed were formation os roots and callus. The results for in vitro establishment determined that fungal and bacterial contamination showed no significant diferences for the aseptic types and the explants that had higher incidence in the two cases were the buds of field plants. For oxidation the explants with higher incidence were the buds of field plants, regardless of asepsis, and meristems treated with calcium hypochlorit. For in vitro multiplication was deermined that the best concentration of BAP for buds development was 1.3 mg.L¯¹ and to lenght of shoots the best culture médium was MS. For in vitro rooting the auxins NAA showed no significant diferences in relation to adventitious roots formation. The treatment that showed less formation of callus were ANA in doses 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg.L¯¹. The auxin IBA was significant for the variables length and number of roots. The increase of IBA caused a decrease in length f roots, and reached the highest number of roots at dose 1.6 mg.L¯¹. The variables fresh and dry weight of root, and shoot length were not directly affected by the type and dose of IBA and NAA / O cultivo de pêra no Brasil não tem destaque entre as frutíferas mais produzidas, sendo considerada a fruta mais importada. A produção de pêra no Brasil é reduzida, pois existem outras frutíferas melhor adaptadas às condições climáticas do país, com alta qualidade e que dão retorno econômico ao produtor mais rapidamente. A propagação in vitro é uma maneira de atender a demanda dos fruticultores por cultivares de qualidade, que devido a sua eficiência possui um bom retorno técnico e econômico. Não há produção suficiente de mudas de cultivares-copa de pêra, pois há uma carência de protocolos de propagação in vitro. O objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer um protocolo de propagação in vitro de pereira, cv. Packham s Triumph, visando à produção de mudas sadias e de qualidade para incrementar a produção nacional de peras. Foram realizados experimentos para cada estágio da propagação in vitro. Para o estabelecimento in vitro foram testados diferentes explantes e assepsias. Os explantes utilizados foram gemas oriundas de plantas matrizes acomodadas em casa de vegetação, meristemas e gemas oriundas de plantas matrizes do campo. As assepsias testadas foram hipoclorito de sódio e hipoclorito de cálcio. As variáveis analisadas foram oxidação, contaminação bacteriana e fúngica. Na multiplicação in vitro o BAP foi testado nas concentrações 0,2; 0,8; 1,4 e 2,0 mg.L-1 sob dois tipos de meio de cultura (MS e MS ½). As variáveis analisadas foram número de gemas e comprimento de brotos. No enraizamento in vitro foram testadas as auxinas ANA e AIB nas concentrações 0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 3,0 mg.L-1. As variáveis analisadas foram formação de raízes e de calo, comprimento e número de raiz, massa fresca e seca de raiz e comprimento de parte aérea. Os resultados obtidos no estabelecimento in vitro determinaram que a contaminação fúngica e bacteriana não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto ao tipo de assepsia e os explantes que tiveram maior incidência nos dois casos foram as gemas de plantas do campo. Os explantes que apresentaram maior oxidação foram as gemas de plantas do campo, independente da assepsia, e o meristema tratado com hipoclorito de cálcio. Na multiplicação in vitro foi determinado que a melhor concentração de BAP no desenvolvimento de gemas foi 1,3 mg.L-1 e para comprimento de broto o melhor meio de cultura foi o MS. No enraizamento in vitro, as auxinas ANA e AIB não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação à formação de raízes adventícias. Os tratamentos em que houve menor formação de calo foram ANA nas doses 0,1; 0,5 e 1,0 mg.L-1. A auxina AIB foi significativa para as variáveis comprimento e número de raiz. O aumento da concentração do AIB causou uma diminuição no comprimento das raízes e atingiu um maior número de raízes na dose de 1,6 mg.L-1. Já as variáveis massa fresca e seca de raiz, e comprimento de parte aérea não foram diretamente afetadas pelo tipo e dose de AIB e ANA

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV13MA111.pdf: 4178123 bytes, checksum: d68fc297a429c3fa95d6b1a5707ee257 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The pear (Pyrus communis) belongs to the family Rosaceae, is native from asian continent. The cultivation of pear is established in Latin American countries like Argentina and Chile and is in expansion in regions of southern highlands in Brazil. The quantity of fruits produced on Brazilian regions does not meet the demand, being necessary the importation of 90% of pear fruits that are consumed in Brazil. The occurrence of fruit flies (Anastrepha fraterculus) has been a problem on the pear orchards and has caused an increase of the production costs. The aim of this work was to study the infestation of flies related to fruit ripeness of Packham`s and William`s cultivars, in order to characterize the damage resulting from the attack of fruit flies in different stages of fruit maturation and correlate the physical and chemical factors of the fruits with the infestation of fruit flies. Besides, evaluate in laboratory the bioactivity of natural compounds of vegetal and mineral origin in adults of fruit flies. Fruit of Packham`s and William`s cultivars were bagged when they had diameter transversal approximately equal to 20 mm. On the experiment of damage characterization, the fruits were infested by two couples of flies in reproductive age for 48 hours. In laboratory the fruits were individualized in pots with capacity to 750 mL and then were released two couples of fruit flies for 48 hours. Besides, were performed evaluations of chemical (solid soluble and pH) and physical (texture of skin and flesh, color and size) fruit parameters. Field experiments sought to evaluate the occurrence of fruit dropping, galleries and larvae in the fruit endocarp. Laboratory experiments sought to quantify the number of larvae, pupae and adults on the fruits in each stage of maturation. The fruits were immersed in each of the treatments that were: andiroba oil, azadirachtin, kaolin, methidathion and distilled water, and were offered to the fruit flies in tests of free and no-choice. In both test was evaluated the efficiency of the substances and the number of larvae, pupae and adults that remained alive. The fruits of Packham`s cultivar did not suffered early dropping when infested by the fruit fly and enable larval development from 54.9 mm of diameter. The fruits of William`s cultivar suffered early dropping by the fruit fly attack and enable the larval development from 52.8 mm of diameter. The texture of skin and flesh of both cultivars affect the onset of the attack of the fly. Andiroba oil interfered negatively on the oviposition of the fly in laboratory tests with free and no-choice. There was not response of the treatments azadirachtin and kaolin on the oviposition, adult mortality, and number of larvae, pupae and adults found on the fruits / A pereira (Pyrus communis L.) pertence a família Rosaceae, é uma espécie nativa do continente asiático. O cultivo da pereira está estabelecido em países como Argentina e Chile. Nas regiões serranas de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul o cultivo ainda e pequeno apesar da demanda pela fruta e das condições climáticas favoráveis ao seu cultivo. A quantidade de frutos de pera produzida pelas regiões produtoras brasileiras não atende a demanda, sendo necessária a importação de 90% da fruta que é consumida no território brasileiro. A ocorrência da mosca-dasfrutas (Anastrepha fraterculus) tem sido um problema nos pomares de pereira e tem causado um aumento dos custos de produção. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a infestação de moscas-das-frutas relacionada a maturação dos frutos das cultivares de pera Packham`s e William`s, visando caracterizar os danos decorrente do ataque da moscas-das-frutas em frutos com diferentes estágios de maturação e correlacionar os fatores físico químicos dos frutos com a infestação da mosca-dasfrutas. Além disso, avaliar em laboratório a bioatividade de compostos naturais de origem vegetal e mineral em adultos de moscas-das-frutas. Para os experimentos realizou-se o ensacamento de frutos de pera das cultivares Packham`s e William`s quando os mesmos possuíam diâmetro transversal de aproximadamente 20 mm. No experimento de caracterização de dano a campo, os frutos foram infestados por dois casais de moscas em idade reprodutiva por 48 horas. No laboratório os frutos foram, individualizados em potes com capacidade para 750 mL e em seguida liberados dois casais de moscas por 48 horas. Além disso, também foram realizadas avaliações dos parâmetros químicos (sólidos solúveis totais e pH) e físicos (textura da casca e da polpa, coloração e tamanho) dos frutos. No campo buscou-se avaliar a ocorrência de queda, galerias e larvas no endocarpo dos frutos. No laboratório realizou-se a quantificação de larvas pupas e adultos nos frutos de cada estádio de maturação. Os frutos foram submetidos a imersão em cada um dos tratamentos que foram: óleo de andiroba, Azamax®, caulim, metidationa e água destilada e foram oferecidos a mosca-das-frutas em testes com e sem chance de escolha. Em ambos os testes foi avaliada a eficiência das substâncias utilizadas, além do número de larvas, pupas e adultos sobreviventes. Os frutos de pera da cultivar Packham`s não sofreram queda em razão da infestação da A. fraterculus e possibilitam o desenvolvimento larval a partir de 54,9 mm de diâmetro. Os frutos da cultivar William`s sofreram queda prematura decorrente do ataque da mosca-das-frutas e possibilitam o desenvolvimento larval a partit de 52,8 mm de diâmetro. As texturas da casca e da polpa afetam o início do ataque de A. fraterculus nos frutos de ambas as cultivares de pera. O óleo de andiroba mostrou-se interferir negativamente na oviposicao da mosca das frutas nos testes de laboratório com sem chance de escolha. Não houve resposta dos tratamentos a base de Azamax® e caulim sobre a oviposição, mortalidade de adultos, número de larvas, pupas e adultos encontradas nos frutos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV14MA136.pdf: 1577790 bytes, checksum: 93dbf349fab025fa70f4ee4a9ee77bb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work had as objective to evaluate the development of vegetation, phenology and the production of different cultivars of European pear trees grafted on rootstock than Quince Adams, as well as to establish the levels of cyanogenic glycosides prunasina and amygdalin in Quince. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of UDESC in Lages/SC , and in partnership with EMBRAPA Grape and wine in Vacaria/RS, during the 2012/2013 vintages and 2013/2014. We used the European pear cultivars? Abate Fetel, Packham s Triumph, Rocha, Santa Maria, William s, Forelle, Max Red Bartlett, conference, Decana Du Comice and Clapp s Favourite, grafted onto the rootstock of quince Adams. For chromatographic analyses, were used the quince EMC, sydo, BA29, Adams, Japanese, Portugal, Lageado, Veranópolis and EMA, from nursery with 1 and 4 years of age. Still, in the orchard, retired material for analyzing plant grafted with 5 years of age. With the work, it was possible to observe that the cultivars Packham s Triumph, Rocha, Santa Maria and Abate Fetel, were those which presented more balance between vegetative and productive parts, being to cultivate Packham s Triumph presented greater productive efficiency. For the municipality of Vacaria/RS, the cultivars that are best developed were, Packam s Triumph, Santa maria, max Red Bartlett and forelle, presenting balanced and vegetative vigor obtained best productions. Wirh respect to plant phenology, with partial gametophytic compatibility require a greater amount of pollinating in the same area, compensating for the various periods of coincidence floral. Plants that have higher concentrations of cyanide in the vegetable tissue tend to have larger issues relating to a mismatch biochemistry of graftin / O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo, a fenologia e a produção de diferentes cultivares de pereiras europeias enxertadas sobre o portaenxerto de marmeleiro Adams, bem como determinar os teores dos glicosídeos cianogênicos prunasina e amigdalina em marmeleiro. Os experimentos foram conduzidos, na área experimental da UDESC em Lages/SC, e em parceria com a EMBRAPA Uva e Vinho em Vacaria/RS, durante as safras 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. Foram utilizadas as cultivares de pereiras europeias: Abate Fetel, Packham‟s Triumph, Rocha, Santa Maria, William‟s, Forelle, Max Red Bartlett, Conference, Decana Du Comice e Clapp‟s Favourite, enxertadas sobre o portaenxerto de marmeleiro Adams. Para as análises cromatográficas, foram utilizadas os marmeleiros BA29, EMC, Sydo, Adams, Japonês, Portugal, Lageado, Veranópolis e EMC, oriundos de viveiro com 1 e 4 anos de idade. Ainda, no pomar, retirou-se material para análise de plantas já enxertadas com 5 anos de idade. Com o trabalho, foi possível observar, que as cultivares Packham‟s Triumph, Rocha, Santa Maria e Abate Fetel, foram as que apresentaram maior equilíbrio entre as partes vegetativas e produtivas, sendo a cultivar Packham´s Triumph a que apresentou maior eficiência produtiva. Para o município de Vacaria/RS, as cultivares que melhor se desenvolveram foram, Packham‟s Triumph, Santa Maria, Max Red Bartlett e Forelle, apresentando vigor vegetativo equilibrado e obtiveram melhores produções. Com relação a fenologia, as cultivares que apresentam compatibilidade gametofítica parcial necessitam de uma maior quantidade de polinizadoras na mesma área, compensando os diversos períodos de coincidência floral

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mateus_da_Silveira_Pasa.pdf: 779921 bytes, checksum: e5dd392dabd79e2fe56a2bd98b16bc33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-10 / The pear crop is weak in Brazil, although there are regions suitable for cultivation, as the South Region. This mainly due to lack of studies on the most adapted cultivars, the best rootstock x scion, floral abortion and knowledge about bearing habit of the main cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bearing habit, growth, production and quality of pear of the cultivars Carrick, Packham's Triumph and William's grafted on different quince rootstocks and Pyrus calleryana. In the first part of the study it was evaluated the bearing habit, in which we assessed the following variables: percentage of vegetative spurs, reproductive spurs, vegetative brindles, reproductive brindles and borses and total number of flower buds. In this first part we obtained the following results: the bearing habit of cultivars (cvs) Carrick, Packham's and William's is influenced by different rootstocks; in all cultivars tested, regardless of the rootstock, in general, there was an inverse relationship between the percentage of vegetative spurs and reproductive spurs; the most significant influence of the rootstock is about reproductive spurs formation of the cultivars evaluated; cultural management in the orchards of cvs. Carrick, Packham's and William's, especially on the pruning operation should be oriented according the rootstock used. In the second part of the study it was evaluated production, growth and quality of fruit through the following variables: plant production (kg plant-1), productive efficiency (kg.m-3), total soluble solids (TSS), expressed in ºbrix, firmness (PF), expressed in kilograms; latter two variables were performed using non-destructive analysis trough NIR-Case (SACM); fruit mass (kg); fruit diameter (mm); trunk diameter (mm) and branch length (cm). According with the results obtained, the cvs. Carrick, Packham's and William's are more efficient when grafted onto the rootstock of quince 'Portugal' and 'MC'; 'Adam's', 'D'Angers' and 'Smyrna'; and 'Champion', respectively; the productive efficiency of cvs. Carrick, Packham's and William's, in general, is inversely proportional to the vigor induced by rootstocks; fruits of cvs. Carrick, Packham's and William's tend to accumulate a larger amount of soluble solids (TSS) when grafted on less vigorous rootstocks. . / A cultura da pereira ainda é pouco expressiva no Brasil, embora existam regiões aptas para seu cultivo, como a Região Sul. Isso é devido principalmente à carência de estudos sobre as cultivares mais adaptadas, as melhores combinações copa x porta-enxerto, abortamento floral e o conhecimento do hábito de frutificação das principais cultivares. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o hábito de frutificação, crescimento, produção e qualidade de peras das cultivares Carrick, Packham s Triumph e William s, enxertadas sobre diferentes porta-enxertos de marmeleiro e Pyrus calleryana. Na primeira parte do trabalho avaliou-se o hábito de frutificação, em que foram avaliadas: percentagem de dardos, lamburdas, brindilas vegetativas, brindilas floríferas e de bolsas e número total de gemas floríferas. Dessa primeira parte foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: O hábito de frutificação das cultivares Carrick, Packham s e William s é influenciado pelos diferentes porta-enxertos; em todas as cultivares avaliadas, independente do porta-enxerto, em geral, houve uma relação inversa entre a percentagem de dardos e de lamburdas; a influência mais significativa do porta-enxerto é sobre a formação de lamburdas das cultivares avaliadas; o manejo cultural nos pomares das cvs. Carrick, Packham s e William s, principalmente por ocasião da poda, deve ser orientado em função do porta-enxerto utilizado. Na segunda parte do trabalho foram avaliados a produção, crescimento e qualidade de frutas, através das seguintes variáveis: produção por planta (Kg planta- 1); eficiência produtiva (Kg.m-3); sólidos solúveis totais (SST), expresso em o brix; firmeza de polpa (FP), expressa em kg; Estas duas últimas variáveis foram realizadas através de análise não-destrutiva, com o equipamento NIR-Case (SACMI); massa de frutas (Kg); diâmetro da fruta (mm); diâmetro de tronco (mm) e comprimento de ramos (cm). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as cvs. Carrick, Packham s e William s são mais eficientes quando enxertadas sobre os porta- enxertos de marmeleiro Portugal e MC ; Adam s , D Angers e Smyrna ; e Champion , respectivamente; a eficiência produtiva das cvs. Carrick, Packham s e William s, em geral, é inversamente proporcional ao vigor induzido pelos porta- enxertos avaliados; frutas das cvs. Carrick, Packham s e William s tendem a acumular uma maior quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) quando enxertadas sobre porta-enxertos menos vigorosos.

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease, which attacks plants within the family of Rosaceae. This bacterial disease causes major problems in the cultivation of pears (Pyrus communis) around the world. The occurrence of the disease is still geographically limited to certain areas in Sweden and neighbouring countries. However, increasing temperatures due to climate change and the relative unawareness of the public, augment the risk of its spread. Within the EU, there are no approved antibiotics for use in pear orchards. Within the species of P. communis, cultivars vary in their susceptibility to fire blight. Many scientists believe that new, resistant cultivars and rootstocks are important tools to enable pome fruit cultivation in the future.In this study,the susceptibility of some Swedish pear heirloom cultivars to E. amylovora was investigated by using immature pear fruit. The bacteria were introduced into immature pear fruit by using defined concentrations of inoculum. The fruit were incubated at 25°C, and disease severity was recorded over time. Disease was measured and recorded as the extent of lateral lesion size on the surfaces of the pear fruit. No definite differences in disease development were recorded across the concentrations tested. The cultivars were compared to one another, and ranked according to susceptibility. The most susceptible to the least susceptible were: `Sollerö´ > `Unknown Gävle´ = `Esperens herre´ = `Aspa´ > `Höstbergamott´ > `Göteborgs Diamant´ > `Conference´ = `Lilla dalpilen´ = `Carola´ > `Alexander Lukas´ = `Blodpäron´ = `Bonne Louise´. The results could have become clearer if immature fruit of younger physiological age had been used. Nevertheless, the ranking of some cultivars agrees with the published results of others.