Li Kaixian (1502-1568), a scholar-official living in the mid-Ming dynasty, was renowned for his efforts in collecting books, both rare and common, and also for his talents in writing the literary genre called sanqu, a subcategory of the genre qu. While qu consists of drama and sanqu, nonetheless the attention devoted to the latter has been much weaker than the former within the academic circle. In the case of Li Kaixian, his dramas such as The Tale of A Treasured Sword have been reviewed much more frequently than his sanqu compilations. To fill up this gap, this thesis attempts to study in depth Li Kaixian?s sanqu. It is organized into 6 major chapters. The first chapter comes with an introduction reviewing the status of Ming sanqu as a whole and its social-ideological background, including a literature review on the subject. To facilitate a better understanding of Li?s rationales in writing sanqu, the second chapter deals with his life and the themes of his sanqu. The third chapter is an analysis of his thoughts towards the writing of sanqu, The fourth and fifth chapters mainly provide a critical review on Li?s sanqu, both thematically and aesthetically. The sixth chapter, a tentative evaluation of the status of Li?s sanqu, serves as the conclusion. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)-- Hua zhong shi fan da xue, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 5 fab.pdf: 3600092 bytes, checksum: 62e73afe3033394e17b7ea0fbf24fbf8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:44:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 fab.pdf: 3600092 bytes, checksum: 62e73afe3033394e17b7ea0fbf24fbf8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 fab.pdf: 3600092 bytes, checksum: 62e73afe3033394e17b7ea0fbf24fbf8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Eletrodos perme?veis a fluidos (EPF) foram confeccionados mediante a eletrodeposi??o do di?xido de chumbo (PbO2) sobre substratos constitu?dos de tecido de carbono (TC) do tipo sarja empregando-se diferentes condi??es experimentais. Foi investigada a influ?ncia dos diferentes tipos de pr?-tratamento do TC na eletross?ntese dos filmes de PbO2. Os substratos pr?-tratados foram caracterizados empregando-se a t?cnica de voltametria c?clica (VC), enquanto que os filmes de PbO2 suportados sobre o TC pr?-tratado foram caracterizados pelas t?cnicas de difratometria de raios-X (DRX), microscopia ?tica (MO), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), e a voltametria. Foi verificado que o pr?-tratamento do TC empegando-se o isopropanol ? o mais apropriado para a eletross?ntese dos filmes de PbO2 visando a obten??o de um EPF. O estudo de caracteriza??o ?ex-situ? (DRX, MO e MEV) revelou que as condi??es experimentais mais satisfat?rias para a forma??o da fase ?-PbO2 sobre o TC pr?-tratado, de modo a se obter um EPF, s?o: pH ? 2; 40 oC ? T < 70 oC, e 40 mA cm-2. O comportamento eletroqu?mico do EPF (TC/?-PbO2) foi investigado na condi??o de ?zero-gap? empregando-se a membrana Nafion? 117 (DuPont) como eletr?lito s?lido e a ?gua destilada como fase l?quida. A an?lise das curvas de polariza??o registradas em condi??es quase-estacion?rias para o processo eletr?dico misto da rea??o de desprendimento de oxig?nio (RDO) acompanhada pela rea??o de forma??o de oz?nio (RFO) revelou a presen?a de duas inclina??es de Tafel distribu?das nos dom?nios dos baixos e dos altos sobrepotenciais. Foi obtido um valor de 16 kJ mol-1 para a entalpia de ativa??o aparente determinada no dom?nio dos elevados sobrepotenciais. O estudo envolvendo a quantifica??o do oz?nio produzido com o anodo do tipo TC/?-PbO2 empregando-se um prot?tipo de reator do tipo filtro-prensa revelou que este tipo de EPF n?o ? adequado para o processo da produ??o eletroqu?mica de oz?nio. Entretanto, a grande estabilidade qu?mica e mec?nica apresentada pelo TC/?-PbO2 aliada ao seu grande sobrepotencial para o processo da RDO permite inferir que reatores do tipo filtro-prensa empregando-se este tipo de anodo s?o bastante promissores para processos de interesse ambiental envolvendo a combust?o de poluentes org?nicos presentes em ?guas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT Electrodes permeable to fluids (EPF) were fabricated by electrodeposition of lead dioxide (PbO2) on substrates made of twill type woven carbon (TC) using different experimental conditions. There has been investigated the influence of the different types of pre-treatment on TC in the electrosynthesis of PbO2 films. The pretreated substrates were characterized using the technique of cyclic voltammetry (VC), while the PbO2 films supported on pre-treated TC were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (DRX), optical microscopy (MO), scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and voltammetry. It was observed that the pre-treatment of TC using isopropanol is the most suitable electrosynthesis of PbO2 films for obtaining an EPF. The characterization study "ex-situ" (DRX, MO e MEV)) revealed that the experimental conditions more suitable for the formation of phase ?-PbO2 on the TC pre-treated in order to obtain an EPF, are pH ? 2; 40 oC ? T < 70 oC, e 40 mA cm-2. The electrochemical behavior of EPF (TC/?-PbO2) was investigated in the condition of "zero-gap" employing the Nafion? 117 membrane (DuPont) as solid electrolyte and distilled water as the liquid phase. The analysis of polarization curves recorded in quasi-stationary conditions for the mix electrode process of from the mixture of oxygen detachment reaction (RDO) accompanied by the reaction of ozone formation (RFO) has revealed the presence of two Tafel slopes distributed in the areas of low and high overpotentials. There was obtained a value of 16 kJ mol-1 for the apparent activation enthalpy determined in the field of high overpotentials. The study involving the measurement of ozone produced in the anode-type TC/?-PbO2 employing a prototype reactor of the filter-press revealed that this type of EPF is not suitable for the process of electrochemical production of ozone. However, the high chemical and mechanical stability provided by the TC/?-PbO2 combined with its large overpotential for the process of RDO allows to infer that reactors of filter-press employing this type of anode are very promising for processes of environmental interest involving the combustion of organic pollutants in waste water.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-06T18:54:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) mayara_rodrigues_lessa.pdf: 2887620 bytes, checksum: 65d145401884724e28b09bbc9441aa53 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-07T11:52:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) mayara_rodrigues_lessa.pdf: 2887620 bytes, checksum: 65d145401884724e28b09bbc9441aa53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-07T11:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) mayara_rodrigues_lessa.pdf: 2887620 bytes, checksum: 65d145401884724e28b09bbc9441aa53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O caf? torrado e mo?do encontrado no mercado interno ? comercializado sob diferentes marcas, que trazem consigo uma heterogeneidade quanto ao aroma, sabor e at? o grau de torra??o. Esta diversidade de caracter?sticas est? associada a v?rios fatores, entre eles a origem dos gr?os de caf?. Considerando essas varia??es relatadas na literatura, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa da composi??o qu?mica e f?sico-qu?mica de caf?s comerciais em diferentes cidades da Regi?o Sudeste do Brasil. Cinquenta e oito pacotes de 250 gramas, de caf?s torrados e mo?dos acondicionados em embalagem do tipo almofada e/ou ? v?cuo foram adquiridos em diferentes cidades dos quatro Estados da Regi?o Sudeste do Brasil. Todos os produtos estavam dentro do prazo de validade e aproximadamente 58% das marcas apresentavam o selo de pureza da ABIC, enquanto 22% das marcas apresentavam o selo de qualidade da Associa??o Brasileira da Ind?stria de Caf?. As amostras foram levadas para o Laborat?rio de Tecnologia de Biomassas do Cerrado da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, onde foram realizadas as avalia??es de pH cujo resultado m?dio foi 5,95; acidez total titul?vel 15,03 ? 1,07(v/m)%; s?lidos sol?veis totais 1,15 ?Brix; ?ndice de colora??o com m?dia para os valores de L* de 28,87 ? 0,29, para os valores de a* de 8,99 ? 0,10 e para os valores de b* de 2,84 ? 0,21; os compostos fen?licos obtiveram uma m?dia de 4,1152 ? 0,4863 g.100g-1 e a m?dia dos flavonoides de 0,5042 ? 0,0291 g.100g-1. Os m?todos multivariados de an?lise, associados aos m?todos usando a espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho tem tido grandes avan?os com diversas aplica??es nas an?lises de alimentos. Com este intuito, utilizou-se a espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho para delinear os grupos funcionais mais representativos nas amostras de caf? analisadas com a inten??o de agrup?-las por similaridade atrav?s da estat?stica multivariada. Os resultados permitiram visualizar que poucos grupos foram formados utilizando as an?lises f?sico-qu?micas, para classificar as amostras. A An?lise das Componentes Principais foi capaz de acumular 61,98% de vari?ncia nas duas primeiras componentes e os grupos formados foram confirmados pela An?lise Hier?rquica por Agrupamento. Em rela??o aos espectros de infravermelho, as amostras foram mais agrupadas com a An?lise das Componentes Principais acumulando 41,76% da vari?ncia, os grupos das amostras foram confirmados pela An?lise Hier?rquica por Agrupamento. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT The roast and ground coffee found in the domestic market is sold under different brands that carry with them a heterogeneity for aroma, flavor and even the degree of roasting. This diversity of characteristics is associated with several factors, including the origin of the coffee beans. Considering these variations reported in the literature, the present study aimed to perform a search of the chemical and physico-chemical composition of commercial coffees in different cities in Southeastern Brazil. Fifty-eight packages of 250 grams of roasted and ground coffee packaged in packaging the type pad and / or vacuum were acquired in different cities of the four states of southeastern Brazil. All products were within the validity period and approximately 58% of brands had the seal of purity of ABIC, while 22% of brands had the seal of the Brazilian Association of Coffee Industry Samples were taken for Laboratory Technology Biomass of the Cerrado, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, which were conducted evaluations of pH where the average yield around 5.95; titratable acidity 15.03 ? 1.07 (v / m)%; total soluble solids 1.15 ? Brix; staining index and the average for the values ??of L * was 28.87 ? 0.29 for the a * values ??was 8.99 ? 0.10 and b * values ??were 2.84 ? 0.21 ; phenolic compounds were obtained an average of 4.1152 ? 0.4863 g.100g-1 and the average of flavonoids was 0.5042 ? 0.0291 g.100g-1. The multivariate analysis methods, associated with methods using spectroscopy in the infrared region has taken great strides with several applications in food analysis. For this purpose, we used spectroscopy in the infrared region to delineate the most representative functional groups in coffee samples analyzed with the intention of grouping them by similarity using multivariate statistics. The results allowed us to visualize that few groups were formed using the physicochemical analyzes to classify the samples. The Principal Component Analysis was able to accumulate 61.98% of variance in the first two components and the groups formed were confirmed by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Regarding the infrared spectra of the samples were further grouped with the Principal Component Analysis accumulating 41.76% of the variance, the groups of samples were confirmed by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-14T21:49:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IanySilvaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 3543577 bytes, checksum: 48444e942b6918ca456b26f0b79adb77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-17T21:42:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IanySilvaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 3543577 bytes, checksum: 48444e942b6918ca456b26f0b79adb77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T21:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IanySilvaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 3543577 bytes, checksum: 48444e942b6918ca456b26f0b79adb77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-11 / A evid?ncia do tema ?gua em not?cias jornal?sticas se configura como um importante tema de interesse para contextualizar, problematizar e/ou gerar significado em meio a discuss?o de conte?dos de diferentes n?veis de ensino e/ou disciplinas da educa??o b?sica. As possibilidades de utilizar esse tema em sala de aula ? tamb?m ressaltada nos documentos oficiais brasileiros que orientam a pr?tica de professores de todos os componentes curriculares brasileiro desse n?vel de ensino. Assim, a tem?tica ?gua pode ser utilizada como subs?dio para ensinar qu?mica, uma vez que contextualiza o ensino dessa disciplina auxiliando na discuss?o de diferentes conceitos qu?micos. A teoria da aprendizagem significativa, desenvolvida por David Ausubel, possui cunho construtivista e diz que um indiv?duo aprende significativamente quando consegue relacionar uma nova informa??o com uma estrutura de conhecimento espec?fica que integra a sua estrutura de conhecimentos pr?vios. Nesse sentido, o uso do tema ?gua como conhecimento pr?vio para a abordagem de conceitos qu?micos j? vem se caracterizando como uma importante tema que pode dar significado aos conte?dos de ensino na qu?mica. Nesta disserta??o ? apresentada uma unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa (UEPS) com base na teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e estudos de MOREIRA (2010) abordando a tem?tica ?gua. A unidade foi aplicada em uma turma de trinta e cinco alunos do 2? ano do ensino m?dio, de uma escola p?blica do munic?pio de Extremoz-RN. Atrav?s dela, foi poss?vel discutir uma problem?tica de interesse dos alunos da escola para abordar conte?dos da qu?mica, como por exemplo, solu??es, aspectos f?sico-qu?micos e as etapas de tratamento da ?gua. Em um primeiro momento foi aplicado um question?rio inicial para identifica??o das ideias pr?vias dos alunos referente ao tema em estudo ao conceito de solu??es qu?micas. Posteriormente, foi elaborada e aplicada uma sequ?ncia de atividades baseada nas ideias dos alunos. Para subsidiar a sequencia foram preparadas quatro cartilhas que trabalhavam o conte?do das solu??es qu?micas contextualizando com o tema ?gua. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que as ideias que os alunos apresentam a respeito de conceitos relacionados ao conte?do de solu??es qu?micas s?o semelhantes ?s ideias de outros alunos apresentadas na literatura e que a elabora??o da unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa aliada ? estrat?gia da contextualiza??o com o tema ?gua, motivou os alunos para o ensino de conte?dos qu?micos, al?m de proporcionar a aprendizagem de conceitos qu?micos n?o de forma isolada, mas fazendo uma liga??o entre suas ideias e viv?ncias, com o conhecimento cientifico. Para tanto, al?m de aulas expositivas dialogadas tamb?m foi usado estrat?gias como: atividades experimentais, resolu??o de problemas, discuss?es em grupos e constru??o de mapas conceituais. A avalia??o final da unidade foi realizada atrav?s de um question?rio baseado na escala de likert, respondido individualmente pelos estudantes, que aprovaram a unidade como favor?vel ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem da qu?mica. / The evidence of the water theme in news reports is configured as an important topic of interest to contextualize, problematize and/or generate meaning in the midst of discussion of a content from different levels of education and/or disciplines of basic education. The possibilities to use this theme in classroom is also highlighted in Brazilian official documents that guide the practice of teachers of all Brazilian curricular components of this educational level. So, the theme water can be used as subsidy to teach chemistry, since contextualises the teaching of this discipline aiding in the discussion of different chemical concepts. In this perspective, the meaningful learning theory, developed by David Ausubel, has constructivist nature and says that an individual learns significantly when he can relate new information with a specific knowledge structure that integrates the prior knowledge of its structure. In this sense, the use of water as a theme for the approach prior knowledge of chemical concepts has already been characterized as an important topic that can give meaning to the content of education in chemistry. In this dissertation, a teaching unit potentially significant (TUPS) is presented based on meaningful learning theory of David Ausubel approaching the theme water. approaching the theme water. The unit was used in a class of thirty-five students of the 2nd year of high school, a public school in the city of Extremoz-RN, metropolitan region of Natal / RN. Through it was possible to discuss an issue of interest to students of the school to address the chemical contents, such as solutions, physicochemical aspects and stages of water treatment. At first, an initial questionnaire was used to identify the students' previous ideas on the topic under study to the concept of chemical solutions. It was subsequently developed and implemented a series of activities based on students' ideas. To subsidize the sequence, it was prepared four booklets that worked the content of chemical solutions, contextualizing the theme water. The results of this work showed that the alternative conceptions that students have about concepts related to the chemical solutions are similar to the ideas of other students presented in the literature and that the development of the TUPS, allied to the contextualization strategy with the theme water, not only motivated the students for the teaching of chemical content, as yet provided the learning of chemical concepts not in isolation, but making a connection between their ideas and experiences with scientific knowledge. To this, beyond of dialogued lectures, were also used strategies as experimental activities, problem solving, group discussions and construction of concept maps. The final evaluation of the unit was conducted by a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, answered individually by students, who approved the unit as conducive to teaching and learning of chemistry process

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 444965.pdf: 19735321 bytes, checksum: 848931c529752f1baa29108987cfc311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-09 / Biodiesel is a synthetic fuel usually produced by the transesterification reaction. This study was undertaken to monitor the kinetics of the transesterification reaction between soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by potassium methoxide. A series of reactions was monitored with a laser spectrometer used to analyze the absorption and scattering of light in real-time. The objectives of this study aimed to determine when the reaction came in chemical equilibrium. This objective was achieved by observing an arbitrary time interval, experimentally obtained from the graph of electrical resistance versus time, allowing optimize reaction time, by using a monitoring system that combined the information received through multiple sensors. Determine if the optical phenomenon observed during the reaction could be described by Euclidean geometry and whether it was related with the internal conical diffraction. It was found that it is not related to the internal conical diffraction, however, depending on the scale applied to observe the optical phenomenon it can be described by the Euclidean geometry. The goal of developing analytical instrumentation was achieved by constructing a non-invasive laser spectrometer. / O biodiesel ? um combust?vel sint?tico, geralmente produzido a partir da rea??o de transesterifica??o. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para monitorar a cin?tica da rea??o de transesterifica??o entre o ?leo de soja e o metanol, catalisada por met?xido de pot?ssio. Uma s?rie de rea??es foi monitorada com um espectr?metro laser, utilizado para analisar a absor??o e o espalhamento da luz em tempo-real. Os objetivos deste trabalho visaram determinar quando a rea??o entrou em equil?brio qu?mico. Atingiu-se este objetivo atrav?s da observa??o de um intervalo arbitr?rio de tempo, obtido experimentalmente a partir do gr?fico da resist?ncia el?trica em fun??o do tempo, permitindo otimizar o tempo de rea??o atrav?s da utiliza??o de um sistema de monitoramento que combinava as informa??es recebidas atrav?s de v?rios sensores. Determinar se o fen?meno ?ptico observado durante a rea??o poderia ser descrito pela geometria Euclidiana e se o mesmo tinha rela??o com a difra??o c?nica interna. Constatou-se que o mesmo n?o apresenta rela??o com a difra??o c?nica interna, por?m, dependendo da escala utilizada para observar o fen?meno ?ptico, ele pode ser descrito pela geometria Euclidiana. O objetivo de desenvolver instrumenta??o anal?tica foi alcan?ado atrav?s da constru??o de um espectr?metro laser n?o invasivo.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:43Z No. of bitstreams: 5 cli.pdf: 2071528 bytes, checksum: dac792d5c097644e675cbf4a0a1ef994 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:21:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 cli.pdf: 2071528 bytes, checksum: dac792d5c097644e675cbf4a0a1ef994 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 cli.pdf: 2071528 bytes, checksum: dac792d5c097644e675cbf4a0a1ef994 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / Myrciaria cauliflora (jabuticabeira) ? uma esp?cie frut?fera, nativa do Brasil e bastante cultivada em pomares dom?sticos de Minas Gerais. Por?m, pouco se conhece sobre a composi??o qu?mica e efeitos biol?gicos dos res?duos de seus frutos. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composi??o qu?mica, o potencial antioxidante (in vitro) e hipolipid?mico (in vivo) da farinha das cascas do fruto de Myrciaria cauliflora. Para tanto, frutos (jabuticabas) maduros foram despolpados manualmente e suas cascas secas e trituradas at? a obten??o de uma farinha homog?nea (FCJ). Avaliou-se sua composi??o centesimal, conte?do mineral, fen?licos totais, flavon?ides e antocianinas, assim como sua atividade antioxidante in vitro atrav?s de diferentes m?todos (DPPH, ABTS?+, FRAP e ?-caroteno/?cido linol?ico). A FCJ foi submetida ? extra??o hidroalco?lica e os extratos fracionados em Cromatografia em Coluna (CC). Os fitoconstituintes isolados foram caracterizados por IV e RMN. O potencial hipolipid?mico foi avaliado em grupos de ratos machos alimentados com dietas semipurificadas, sendo a dieta Padr?o (PDR) baseada na AIN93M, a dieta Controle (CTRL) semelhante ? PDR e suplementada com 7% de banha de porco, e tr?s dietas experimentais semelhantes ? CTRL, por?m suplementadas com 7, 10 e 15% de FCJ (JAB1, JAB2 e JAB3, respectivamente). N?veis s?ricos e hep?ticos de colesterol, bem como n?veis s?ricos de HDL, triglicer?deos e glicose foram avaliados. A excre??o fecal de lip?deos foi avaliada tamb?m. A FCJ foi classificada como fornecedora de alto teor de fibras (15,26%). Os teores de fen?licos totais (1895 mg ?cido g?lico/100 g), flavon?ides (8,960 g de catequina /100g) e antocianinas (0,6823 g de cianidina-3-glicos?deo/100g) foram altos assim como a atividade antioxidante verificada pela captura de radicais-livres DPPH (3,184 g de FCJ/g DPPH) e ABTS?+ (1017 ?mol Trolox/g de FCJ), redu??o dos ?ons Fe+3 (167,7 mM de Fe2SO4/100g) e capacidade de inibi??o do branqueamento do ?-caroteno (75,96% de inibi??o para a concentra??o de 1000 mg/L). O ?cido c?trico, o sitosterol e o sitosterol-D-glicopiranos?deo foram isolados, sendo, os dois ?ltimos, citados pela primeira vez nesta esp?cie. A inclus?o da FCJ, nas tr?s propor??es, reduziu o colesterol total (CT) e os triglicer?deos (TG) s?ricos em rela??o ? dieta CTRL. A dieta JAB3 elevou os n?veis de HDL s?ricos e reduziu os de colesterol hep?tico em rela??o ? CTRL. A dieta JAB3 reduziu a glicose s?rica em compara??o ? JAB2, mas essa diferen?a n?o foi significativa em rela??o ? PDR, ? CTRL ou ? JAB1. N?o houve diferen?a na excre??o fecal de lip?deos entre os grupos experimentais. Os resultados obtidos poder?o servir de aux?lio para o melhor aproveitamento deste res?duo e compreens?o de seus efeitos metab?licos al?m de contribuir para garantir a seguran?a da sua ingest?o como alimento. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT Myrciaria cauliflora (jabuticabeira) is a fruit specie, native in Brazil and created mainly in domestic gardens in Minas Gerais. However, little is known about its chemical composition and biological effects in the fruit residue. In front of this, the present work had as a goal to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant potential (in vitro) and hypolipidemic (in vivo) of Myrciaria cauliflora fruit peel flour (FCJ). For that, mature fruits (jabuticaba) were pulped manually and its peel was dried and crushed to obtain a homogeneous flour (FCJ). There had been evaluated the proximate composition, mineral content as well as total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanins as their antioxidant activity in vitro through different methods (DPPH, ABTS?+, FRAP and ?-caroten/acid linoleic). The FCJ was also subjected to extraction with water-alcohol extracts fractionated in column chromatography (CC). The phytochemicals isolated were characterized IR and NMR. The lipid-lowering activity was evaluated in groups of male rats, fed with semipurified diets, being a PDR diet based on AIN93M; a CTRL diet based on PDR, but added 7% of pork lard; and three experimental diets similar to CTRL, but added MPF at 7, 10 and 15% (JAB1, JAB2 and JAB3, respectively). Serum and liver cholesterol as well as serum levels of HDL, triglycerides and glucose were evaluated. Fecal output of lipids was also evaluated. The FCJ was classified as a supplier of high-fiber (15,26%). The levels of total phenolic (1895 mg gallic acid/100 g), flavonoids (8,960 g de catechin /100g) and anthocyanins (0,6823 g de cyanidin-3-glucoside/100g) were high as the antioxidant activity verified to capture of free radicals DPPH (3,184 g de FCJ/g DPPH) and ABTS?+ (1017 ?mol Trolox/g de FCJ), to reduction of ions Fe+3 (167,7 mM de Fe2SO4/100g) and capacity in inhibition of whitening of ?-caroten (75,96% of inhibition of concentration of 1000 mg/L). The citric acid, sitosterol and sitosterol-?D-glucopyranoside were isolated, being the last two, mentioned in this specie for the first time. The inclusion of the MPF, at the three ratios reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides compared to CTRL. JAB3 diet raised serum HDL cholesterol and reduced liver cholesterol compared to CTRL. JAB3 diet reduced serum glucose compared to JAB2, but this difference was not significant compared to PDR, CTRL or JAB1. There was no difference in fecal output of lipids between the groups. The results obtained may serve as an aid to better utilization of residue and to understand the MFP metabolic effects in addition to ensure the safety of its intake as a food.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 5 iara.pdf: 1872463 bytes, checksum: 144f33d2ce5b8368dadbce39601c5451 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:51:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 iara.pdf: 1872463 bytes, checksum: 144f33d2ce5b8368dadbce39601c5451 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:51:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 iara.pdf: 1872463 bytes, checksum: 144f33d2ce5b8368dadbce39601c5451 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / O caf? est? entre os produtos agr?colas de maior import?ncia no com?rcio internacional e sua qualidade como produto ? um importante fator na forma??o de pre?o, al?m de ser uma das bebidas mais consumidas mundialmente e por isso desperta o interesse para os estudos dos efeitos fisiol?gicos dos seus constituintes. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os constituintes a??cares, s?lidos sol?veis totais, fen?licos, flavon?ides, cafe?na e determinar a acidez total, o pH e a atividade antioxidantepor diferentes m?todos (DPPH, ABTS?+ e FRAP) no gr?o de caf? cru. Tamb?m avaliar os efeitos do tratamento sub-cr?nico com cafe?na e caf? no peso corporal e dos ?rg?os (ba?o, cora??o, f?gado, rins, supra renais e test?culos), comprimento dos ossos (f?mur e t?bia), ingest?o de alimentos (s?lidos e l?quidos) e par?metros bioqu?micos (colesterol total, glicemia e triglic?rides) em ratos machos Wistar. Foram utilizados 30 ratos: Controle (C) ? receberam ra??o e ?gua; Cafe?na (CA) ? receberam ra??o e ?gua contendo 0,1% de cafe?na; Caf? 0,1% (CC1) ? receberam ra??o e caf? contendo 0,1% de cafe?na; Caf? 0,05% (CC5) ? receberam ra??o e caf? contendo 0,05% de cafe?na; caf? 0,025% (CC25) - receberam ra??o e caf? contendo 0,025% de cafe?na. As amostras de caf? das safras de 2010 e 2011 analisadas, apresentaram diferen?as significativas para os teores de fen?licos totais, flavon?ides, cafe?na, s?lidos sol?veis, a??cares totais e n?o-redutores, al?m de acidez total e pH. A atividade antioxidante total para os m?todos utilizados (ABTS, DPPH e FRAP) e teor de a??cares redutores n?o variaram significativamente de um ano para o outro. No ensaio biol?gico os animais CC1 pesaram menos do que os C, CC5 e CC25. Em rela??o ao ba?o, os CC5 pesaram menos do que os C e CC25; os CC1 menos do que os C. As supra renais dos CC1 pesaram menos do que as dos Ca e CC25. Os CC1 apresentaram menor peso dos test?culos do que os C, CA, CC5 e CC25 e os CC25 pesaram mais do que os C. Os ratos CC1 apresentaram menor comprimento do f?mur do que os C, CC5 e CC25 e menor t?bia do que os C, CA, CC5 e CC25. Os animais CC25 apresentaram maiores taxas de glicemia do que os CC1 e CC5 e os CC1 maiores taxas de colesterol total do que os C e CC25. Os animais CC1 comeram menos do que os C durante o tratamento e beberam menos na primeira semana. Os resultados obtidos poder?o servir de aux?lio para maior conhecimento sobre a interfer?ncia dos compostos qu?micos na qualidade da bebida de caf? e compreens?o de seus efeitos metab?licos no organismo. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT Coffee is among the most important agricultural products in international trade and its quality as a product is an important factor in price formation, besides being one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide and therefore arouses interest for studies of the physiological effects of its constituents. Thus, the present study was to evaluate the constituent sugars, soluble solids, phenolics, flavonoids, caffeine and determine the total acidity, pH and activity antioxidantepor different methods (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS ? +) in raw coffee beans . The objective was also to evaluated the effects of sub-chronic treatment with coffee and caffeine on body weight and organs (spleen, heart, liver, kidneys, adrenals and testicles); bone?s length (femur and tibia); food intake (solid and liquid) and biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides) in male Wistarrats.A total of 30 rats were used: Control (C) - received food and water; Caffeine (CA) - received food and water containing 1% caffeine; Coffee 1% (CC1) - received food and coffee containing 1% caffeine; Coffee 0.05% (CC5) - received food and coffee containing 0.05% caffeine; coffee 0.025% (CC25) - received food and coffee containing 0.025% caffeine. Samples of coffee crop in 2010 and 2011 analyzed showed significant differences in the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, caffeine, soluble solids, total sugars and non-reducing sugars, and total acidity and pH. The total antioxidant activity for the methods (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP) and reducing sugars did not vary significantly from one year to another. In the biological tests the animals CC1 weighed less than the samples C, CC25 and CC5.Regarding the spleen, CC5 weighed less than C and CC25; the CC1 less than C.The adrenal glands of CC1 weighed less than that of the Ca and CC25.The CC1 testicles weighed less than C, CA, CC5 and CC25; and CC25 were heavier than C.The CC1 rats had lower femur length than C, CC5 and CC25; and lower tibia than the C, CA, CC5 and CC25.The CC25 animals showed higher rates of glucose than the CC1 and CC5; and CC1 higher total cholesterol than the C and CC25.CC1 animals ate less than C during the treatment and drank lessduring the first week.The results obtained may serve as an aid to improve the quality of coffee beverage and the understanding of its metabolic effects in the body.