Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown State College, 1976. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 3054. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves [1-2]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47).

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Geologinis potencialas yra geologinių išteklių (objektų, sąlygų, reiškinių ir procesų) visuma, galinti būti šiuo metu arba perspektyvoje įtraukta į ūkinę veiklą. Sąlyginai galima skirti penkias išteklių grupes: naudingųjų iškasenų ištekliai, struktūriniai-tektoniniai ištekliai, erdviniai ištekliai, informaciniai ištekliai ir rekreaciniai ištekliai. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas - įvertinti pagrindinius Pakruojo rajono geologinio potencialo išteklius ir jų apsaugą. Siekiant jį realizuoti buvo įvertinti pagrindiniai geologinio potencialo ištekliai. Nustatyta geopaveldo objektų įvairovė ir sklaida Pakruojo rajone. Įvertinti pagrindiniai naudingųjų iškasenų ištekliai Pakruojo rajone, jų eksploatacijos mastai, apžvelgti dolomito panaudojimo galimybes Lietuvos ūkyje. Taip pat buvo svarbu įvertinti dolomito gavybos poveikį aplinkai, rekultivacijos būdus. Buvo aplankyti Petrašiūnų, Klovainių dolomito karjerai, įvertinta jų aplinkos būklė, lankymų metu bendrauta su karjerus eksploatuojančių įmonių administracija, rinkti dolomito pavyzdžiai detalesniam tyrimui, taip pat papildyti LEU geologijos kabineto dolomitų kolekciją su įvairiomis fosilijomis (koralų, pilvakojų ir kt). Statistinis metodas, naudotas apskaičiuojant įvairius naudingųjų iškasenų išteklių gavybos duomenis. Kartografinis metodas: buvo analizuojami žemėlapiai, sudaromi. Pakruojo rajone yra nedidelės struktūrinių-tektoninių ir erdvinių išteklių panaudojimo galimybės. Iš geologinio potencialo išteklių Pakruojo rajone... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Geological potential is geological resources (objects, conditions, events, and processes) altogether, that can be or is currently included in the economic activity. Relatively the resources can be divide in to five groups: mineral resources, the structural-tectonic stocks, spatial resources, information resources and recreational resources. The main purpose – is to evaluate the main potential geological resources and their protection in Pakruojis district. In order to realize it, the main potential geological resources were evaluated. Also the variety and dissemination of geoheritage objects were determined in Pakruojis district. In the same district, the evaluation of the main mineral resources, the scale of exploitation, and a review of the use of dolomite for the Lithuanian economy, was done. It was also important to evaluate the impact of the production of dolomite for environment and remediation techniques. The dolomite quarries of Petrašiūnai and Klovainiai were visited, their environmental conditions were evaluated. During these visits the administration of quarries operating company‘s were contacted; dolomite samples were collected for more detailed investigation. The dolomite collection of LEU Geological Study Room was complemented with the various fossils (corals, gastropods, etc.) as well. The statistical method was used for calculating the various mineral resource extraction data. Mapping method: there was analyzed maps and drawn maps. ... [to full text]

This study presents the dewatering assessment of a marl quarry with the future pit lake level predictions. The objectives of the study were / (1) to determine the dewatering requirements that would allow for the continuation of the quarrying operations in the deeper parts of the quarry, (2) to design an optimum dewatering system compatible with the site hydrogeological conditions and quarrying plans, (3) to assess the environmental impacts of dewatering on the local water (surface and ground water) resources and users, and (4) to predict the future pit lake level and flooding period for different meteorological conditions. To these ends, previous investigation reports and maps have been compiled and reviewed and field investigations have been conducted. During the field investigations pumping and observation wells were drilled and installed. After installation, in situ tests were conducted to determine aquifer parameters. It was found that properties of the material is conducive to the dewatering activities that will be necessary for the deepening of the open pit of the marl quarry. A groundwater model was developed based on the field data gathered. According to this model dewatering trenches will be needed to dewater the pit. The model predicted that operating these dewatering trenches would create an elongated cone of depression that will sufficiently lower the groundwater table so that quarrying operations can proceed. Lowering of the water table may produce a negative impact on groundwater resources within the aerial extent of the cone of depression. This potentially negative impact was investigated with model simulations and has been found that the impact to the resources would be negligible. Three scenarios were evaluated as possible dewatering discharge disposal solutions. The preferred scenario included the discharge of this water to the stream, which is flowing on the western side of the quarry. The pit will start to fill with water immediately after the dewatering operations stopped. In order to predict the pit lake flooding period and final lake elevation, pit lake hydrologic model was developed. The simulations predict that the final pit lake elevation would be at 991 m. The pit lake will rise to this level at approximately 72 years after closure.

Les moulins avec leurs meules en pierre ont été utilisés depuis les débuts de l'agriculture pour moudre de céréales. Au fil du temps, ils ont évolué passant des moulins va-et-vient, aux moulins rotatifs manuels, puis à des moulins à mécanismes complexes entrainés par l'homme, l'animal, l'eau ou le vent. Notre étude porte sur la question de la production de ces meules dans le sud de l'Espagne depuis le troisième millénaire av. J.-C. jusqu'au XXe siècle. Seuls quelques sites étaient signalés au début de notre recherche. Maintenant, plus de 130 meulières sont connues suite à des travaux de terrain, l'étude des textes anciens, des recherches sur l'internet et des études museographiques. Les sources conventionnelles pour identifier les sites sont des archives et des textes historiques, ainsi que des dictionnaires géographiques, notamment du XIXe siècle. La plupart des sites identifiés par ces sources datent de périodes récentes. Des sites plus anciens, datés de l'époque romaine et du moyen âge, ont été identifiés par des études des meules dans les dépôts des musées (ébauches en particulier) combinées avec des recherches sur le terrain. L'internet peut être aussi une source intéressante. De nombreux sites sont signalés le long des sentiers de randonnée ou dans des pages historiques locales. Une partie de ce travail a été consacré à établir une première classification des différents types de meules. En raison de l'absence de corpus publiés, ce travail n'est pas équivalent pour toutes les périodes, en particulier pour le Moyen Age. Toutes les roches n'étaient pas aptes à la fabrication des meules et certaines étaient plus recherchées que d'autres. Ainsi à l'âge du fer c'était le calcaire tuffeau. Alors qu'à l'époque romaine c'était le biocalcarenite de la bordure de la Baie de Cadix, et les roches volcaniques qui ont été importées, parfois sur de longues distances depuis les deux districts volcaniques (Calatrava et Province volcanique du SE). Dans les périodes plus récentes c'est le calcaires blanc qui a été favorisés, peut-être parce qu'il permettait d'obtenir une farine plus blanche. Après avoir décrit des techniques de fabrication, une classification des meulières (MQ) est proposée selon s'il s'agissait d'exploitation de blocs de surface (MQ-1) ou du substrat rocheux (MQ-2). Les meules va-et-vient étaient surtout produites à partir de blocs de surface (MQ-1a), tandis que des modèles de l'âge du fer et romains provenaient de carrières de blocs (MQ- 2b). L'extraction directe (MQ-2a) où des cylindres ont été tirés de la roche laissant des fronts alvéolaires datent d'époque romaine. Des gros blocs de surface (calcaires karstiques, rochers de granit) ont servi également comme meulières (MQ-1b). Les carrières sont décrites sur la base de leur morphologie : en pallier, en poche, en fosse, de bordure, en tranchée, extensive contigües, extensives dispersées et souterraines. Des thèmes liés à l'infrastructure des meulières sont traités, tels que la maintenance des outils, la gestion des déchets, et le transport des meules (courte et à longue distance). Les meuliers sont également étudiés du point de vue de leur degré de spécialité, leur organisation en équipes, leurs gains et leurs risques professionnels (silicose). Quant à la question de la propriété et de leur contrôle, il est démontré que ces sites au moins depuis le Moyen Age étaient sous l'autorité de la classe dirigeante. A l'origine, la production était surtout locale et régionale. Les meules ont commencé à être diffusées à de longues distances à l'époque romaine. Au Moyen Age, avec l'abandon de roches volcaniques, il y a eu un retour aux roches locales et régionales. L'introduction des pierres silicieuse françaises au XIXe siècle fut le début de la fin des meulières en Espagne. Le coup de grâce, cependant, est arrivé avec l'introduction du rouleau en acier industriel, qui non seulement a engendré la fin des meulières, mais aussi de la longue tradition de mouture à la pierre. / Mills with stones were used since the beginnings of agriculture for grinding grains. Over time, they evolved from saddle querns, to rotary querns and mills, to the more sophisticated geared watermills, and windmills. Our study focuses on where and how the hard, abrasive millstones that equipped the different mills were produced in the south of Spain, from the third millennium BC to the 20th century. At the outset of our research, only a few millstone quarries were known. Now, more than 130 have been identified. Different sources were used to identify these sites. Conventional sources included old historical archives and texts, notably 19th-century geographical dictionaries. Most sites recorded in written sources, however, date to recent times. Older quarries, from the Roman period and Middle Ages, however, were identified by millstone analyses in museum depositories (roughouts in particular) combined with fieldwork. An additional source was the internet. Ignored by conventional sources, many sites are recorded along hiking trails or in local historical websites. A large section of this research is dedicated to establishing a first chrono-typological classification of the different types of millstones produced in these quarries. Due to the lack of published millstone assemblages, this work is not balanced, especially regarding the Middle Ages. Not all rocks were apt for grinding and there is evidence that specific rocks were favoured over others. In the Iron Age limestone tufa was preferred. In Roman times, biocalcarenites were the main rock along the Bay of Cádiz, whereas volcanics rocks, dominating the eastern half of our study area, travelled, at times, long distances from the two volcanic districts (Calatrava and SE Spanish volcanics). In more recent periods white limestones were favoured, possibly because they yielded a whiter flour. After describing extraction and fashioning techniques and tools, a classification of these quarries (MQ) is proposed based on whether the exploitation was of surface boulders (MQ-1) or bedrock (MQ-2). Saddle querns were mostly from surface workings (MQ-1a), whereas Iron Age and Roman models were fashioned from detached angular blocks (MQ-2b). True extractive quarries (MQ-2a) where cylinders were cut directly from bedrock yielding circular hollows, date to Roman times. There are also evidence of large surface blocks (karstic limestones, granite boulders) as extractive quarries (MQ-1b). Based on their morphology, the sites are labelled as follows: bench, pocket, pit, edge, trench, extensive contiguous, extensive dispersed and subterranean. In this study we have also examined subjects linked to millstone quarry infrastructure, such as tool maintenance, debris management, and millstone transport (both short and long distance). We have also examined the personel working at these sites from the point of view of their degree of specialty, organisation of crews, earnings and occupational hazards (notably silicosis). As to the subject of quarry ownership and control, there is evidence of vested interest of local authorities at least from the Middle Ages. Millstone production through time was for the most part local and regional. Only in Roman times did millstones travel systematically long distances. In the Middle Ages, with the abandonment of volcanic rocks, there was a return to the local and regional rocks. The introduction of the French silicieuse stones in the 19th century was the beginning of the end of millstone production in Spain. The coup de grâce, however, arrived with the introduction of the industrial steel roller, that not only terminated quarry work but ended the long tradition of milling with stones.

Practices of sculpture and geography have collaborated ever since Stone Age humans hoisted up rocks to point them into the air. The ephemerality of life was rendered in a circle of forms and mass that celebrated the union of sky, earth and dwelling. Through the manipulation of stone, the land became a place, it became a home, it became situated and navigable. As millennia unfolded, the land was written with the story of itself. The creativity woven into the story of place is an evolution of material collaborations. In recent decades, academic geographers have explored the realms of creativity in their work, and sculptors have critically engaged with the nature of place. I have united these disciplines in the exploration of a truth of materials. The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between making and place. The structure of my PhD focussed on the development of a transdisciplinary research environment that could host a range of creative practices around stone-working. I developed a long-term relationship with Trenoweth Dimension Granite Quarry, working as an apprentice sawman and mason. Here, I examined the everyday practices of labour and skill development, from which emerged deeper material and human interactions, that went on to inform my sculpture and modes of making. Arguing that granite has threads of relational agency embedded within its matrix, I initiated a series of practices that made use of my emerging knowledge as a granite-quarry worker, cast within experimental sculpture, texts, performance, photography and film. By formulating my methods around the vibrancy of matter, I disclosed new materialisms and more-than-human relations. This assemblage of documentation and artwork records and reflects on a series of practices and processes in tension. This productive tension arises from a re-rendering of artisanal practice as a research method; ushering in modes of representation as loops of experience and interpretation take place across different sites, spaces and times of mediation. The objective for the PhD research was to present a critically informed practice of sculpture-as-ethnography that could not only provide a model for practice-based research in general, but also significantly expand what might be meant by stone-work. This PhD by alternative submission is presented as a Commentary with an accompanying Digital Archive website.

The Rumiqolca Quarry, CuscoThe finely carved blocks at the Rumiqolca quarry site reveal important data on technology, concerning the selection of the blocks, reduction procedures, polish and transport from the site to their final insertion in the walls of buildings at Cusco, in an unbroken sequence from Pachacutec’s times to the Spanish invasion. / Los bloques líticos finamente trabajados en la cantera de Rumiqolca, en el Cusco, revelan importantes datos acerca de los procedimientos técnicos empleados, desde la clasificación de las rocas, el desbaste, el pulido y el transporte, hasta el asentamiento de las piezas en los muros de los edificios del Cuzco. Esto se enmarca en una secuencia continuada desde el gobierno del Inca Pachacutec hasta la invasión española.

Dokumentation av en Tävlingsprocess - Jøssingfjords Stenbrottsmuseum  Avsikten med detta examensarbete var att utföra en tidsbegränsad tävling och samtidigt dokumentera arbetsprocessen. När tävlingsförslaget var färdigställt analyserades processen och resultatet. En strategi för hur projektet skulle arbetas vidare formulerades sedan. Målet var att hitta en personlig dokumentationsform som skulle ge en bra översikt av arbetet och som förhoppningsvis också skulle kunna användas för att hitta eventuella svagheter eller negativa mönster i den egna arbetsprocessen. Vid slutgenomgången ska projektet beskrivas genom processen tillsammans med de reflektioner jag och mina handledare har haft under projektets gång. Programval: Jag valde att använda programmet från en tävling som var aktuell när examensarbetet började. Tävlingen var ett stenbrottsmuseum i södra Norge. Initiativtagare var Dalarne rådet och programmet / Presentationerna hölls på KTH:s biblioteket p.g.a. att Arkitekturskolan just hade brunnit.

This book, Quarry Stories - Architecture through Narrative Exploration, collects the process and proposals of our thesis, responding to the question: How can critical post-humanist philosophy, using stories as a tool, enhance our understanding of architecture and activate narratives in limestone quarries? We view the limestone quarries on Gotland as an example of humans’ relationship with nature: we take what we want and leave. Although significant for the industry, the quarries are troublesome from an ecological perspective. Rather than debating their existence or non-existence, we aim to explore their potential - what imaginaries can we envision for these sites?  We use the word ‘story’ to let narratives shape architecture, partially by writing stories for each quarry but also by including different narrative perspectives. We were curious to examine what architecture our entanglement with non-human actors can generate. We believe that stories can help us challenge our imagination and explore architecture from an alternative point of view.  While the outcome is three proposals for three different quarries on Gotland, we view the project as an exercise in exploring architecture through practical and artistic research. Here, narrative activation and critical post-humanist philosophy serve as an approach to architecture.

Missing page 10. / <p> Interbedded turbidite sandstones and shales of the Sonyea Group are exposed in the Finger Lakes Stone Quarry near Ithaca, New York. In 28% of the samples studied the orientation of the grains was not significantly different from a uniform distribution. These distributions included some that were bimodal and some obtained from a bed showing cross-stratification. In 60% of the samples the grain orientations could be considered parallel to the flute marks. As the top of the massive interval was approached the grain orientation became increasingly aligned with the flute marks. A difference of 14° was found between the vector means of the flute and tool marks. </p> <p> Radiographs made of rock slabs cut from the samples used in grain orientation determinations frequently failed to show internal structures even though these were visible in the samples. A radiograph of one sample (02-08) showed cross-bedding, not visible in the sample or slab. The absence of internal structures in a radiograph do not exclude their being present. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)