(no abstract available) / Series: Working Papers / Institut für Sozialpolitik

The paper to be presented discusses the default in policy coordination or harmonisation in European Social Policy and the emerging private cost borne by migrating individuals. The different designs of national social security schemes imply administrative hurdles and incompatibilities. The latter may also discourage labour movements between EU - countries since migration could bring about a reduction or a loss of social security rights acquired on the basis of past employment and past contributions. The access to new benefits may be hampered as long as some national social security insurance programs demand a minimum coverage period as a prerequisite for benefit claims and disregard preceding insurance periods in other countries. Taking present EU law into account, we design case studies to identify barriers to entry resp. to exit for individuals or households when migrating from one social security scheme to another. Within these scenarios, movements between national systems in Bismarckian tradition and Beveridge systems are of great interest. The paper is based on a research project conducted at the Centre of Excellence of International Tax Coordination at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. (author's abstract) / Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

Die Schriftenreihe "Wirtschaft und Kultur" versammelt Beiträge zu aktuellen Fragen sozioökonomischer Forschung. Im Rahmen von 3 Bänden präsentieren Studierende des Masterstudiums "Sozioökonomie" ihre Abschlussarbeiten der Forschungspraktika zum Thema "Gesellschaft und Arbeit". Die ausgewählten Beiträge aus den Studienjahren 2012 - 2014 sind thematisch wie folgt zusammengefasst: Band 14 zum Thema Pflege, Band 15 zum Thema Arbeitslosigkeit, Band 16 zum Thema Organisationsklima in Non-Profit-Organisationen. Zum Band 14: Funktional differenzierte Gesellschaften entwickeln eine Vielzahl kultureller Kontexte. Interessant an den empirischen Forschungsarbeiten zum Thema "Arbeit und Gesellschaft" ist der Blick auf kontextübergreifende Deutungen, da hiermit charakteristische Spannungsfelder des Sozialen beleuchtet werden und aktuelle gesellschafts- wie auch konkrete sozialpolitische Fragen aufgeworfen werden - beispielsweise die konkurrierenden Qualitätsstandards von Pflegearbeit, zwischen betriebswirtschaftlichen Effizienzkriterien einerseits und Kriterien von Fürsorgearbeit andererseits. (series abstract) / Series: Schriftenreihe / Forschungsbereich Wirtschaft und Kultur

Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a member of family Coronaviridae and is classified into group 3 of the Coronaviruses. The virus is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a genome of 27kbp. IBV is a highly infectious disease of chickens that results in high morbidity with moderate to severe mortality depending on the strain involved, age of the birds, and immune status of the chickens. Multiple worldwide investigations indicate that differentiation within the S1 glycoprotein gene can lead to serotype variation within the IBV species. In this study 46 isolates collected over two years from broiler and broiler breeder flocks and eight historical isolates were analyzed. Forty one isolates originated from the KwaZulu-Natal region whilst the remaining thirteen were isolated from 4 other poultry-dense provinces. The S1 gene was sequenced and compared to determine variation between South African isolates, as well as global sequences submitted to Genbank. The results indicate the division of isolates analyzed into 2 different clades of IBV within the province. The most prevalent genotype was similar to IBV Mass strain detected in 79% of the full S1 sequences. Variation up to 22.3% was detected within local strains, supporting the hypothesis that multiple IBV serotypes may co-circulate in the same region simultaneously. Additionally, more conservation was observed among Mass serotypes versus QX-like serotypes, implying that vaccine use can influence the variability within the IBV population. Higher variability was found in the first half of the S1 gene in comparison to the last half of the S1 gene. This is in agreement with previous findings that the hypervariable regions of the S1 gene are located within the first 450 base pairs. This study offers the first published consolidation of IBV isolates from South Africa and identifies variation within the IBV population of the SA broiler flock. Previous publications list four or five IBV isolates whilst this study describes variation found in 54 isolates spanning 32 years. In addition this study provides the insight into the prevalence of IBV variation in poultry flocks due to the large number of isolates. The comparative use of geno- and serotyping for South African IBV isolates is also described for the first time in this study. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

The paper uses data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2005 to analyze intergenerational income mobility in Austria compared to other European Union members. Applying various methodological approaches like least squares estimations and quantile regressions we reveal substantial differences in intergenerational mobility between Scandinavian countries and Continental Europe. The results show that income class rigidities in most European countries are striking compared to the Nordic countries. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Knowing the factors that influence older people to volunteer is highly important for the evaluation of the productive potential of the growing population of older people. This diploma thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of volunteering among the elderly. Therefore, this study reviews a psychological, an economic and a sociological approach explaining volunteering and provides an overview about existing empirical findings. Using data from a survey conducted by Statistics Austria in 2006, the study applies the method of logistic regression to estimate the determinants of volunteering by older people in Austria for the first time. Results show that sex, age, level and field of education, employment status, migration background, household´s wealth and income, household size, existence of other volunteers in the same household and place of residence determine volunteering among older people. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the influence of those factors vary substantially for different types of volunteering. / Series: Forschungsberichte des Forschungsinstituts für Altersökonomie

The aim of our study was to examine how homosexual and heterosexual men and women are represented in the Swedish magazine QX, a magazine for gay, bisexual and transgender people. We wanted to find out what kind of roles the persons in QX appears in, and inquire the relationships that exist between them. We analyzed the texts in twelve magazines, from December 2008 to November 2009, in order to get the most current results as possible. We used a discourse analysis, with focus on identities, relationships and the representation of the world. Representations, gender, hegemonic masculinity and stereotypes have been significant theories to analyze our results. The results showed that the successful gay man is the most important person in QX. He is the perfect masculine macho fagot, who is highest in rank. Something we found remarkable is that the gay women are subordinate to men, despite that QX is a magazine for both parts. The results also showed that homosexual women are represented more stereotyped than the homosexual men. The heterosexual men are represented as the homosexual men’s supporter, while heterosexual women are represented very queer and argues that a human’s gender, is not primarily in focus when it comes to relations. In our results, we could also see that, generally, there is a more sexistic tone in texts about men than in texts about women.

Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

This paper investigates the nexus between regional income levels and inequality. We present a novel small-scale inequality database for Austrian municipalities to address this question. Our dataset combines individual tax data of Austrian wage tax payer on regionally disaggregated scale with census and geographical information. This setting allows us to investigate regional spillover effects of average income and various measures of income inequality. Using this data set we find distinct regional clusters of both high average wages and high earnings inequality in Austria. Furthermore we use spatial econometric regressions to quantify the effects between income levels and a number of inequality measures such as the Gini and 90/10 quantile ratios. (authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series