In Virginia students with learning disabilities, as well as students in general education, are required to pass the Virginia Standards of Learning test in order to receive a diploma from high school. Currently there are 20 states that use exit exams with five more states anticipated to start by 2009 (Center on Education Policy, 2005). The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of Virginia Special Education Directors, Principals and Lead Teachers regarding the impact of the state graduation requirements on the educational experiences of and outcomes for students with learning disabilities. This study was adapted from a similar investigation conducted from Indiana and applied to survey Virginia administrators. Additionally, the study was used to identify the changes Virginia administrators perceive are needed in order to best support students in meeting those requirements. The target population of participants of this study consisted of three groups of educators: (a) Directors of Special Education; (b) Principals; and (c) Lead Teachers of Special Education in Virginia public high schools. A survey research design was employed for this study. The instrument included 70 Likert type items, with one demographic item. A total of 510 surveys were sent through email to administrators in the state of Virginia; 148 were returned with incorrect addresses. A response total of 104 emails were received: Directors of Special Education, 26.9%; Principals, 56.7%; and Lead Teachers, 16.3%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A descriptive summary of responses for respondents was developed using mean and frequency percentages. Inferential statistics was used to answer the research questions presented in this study. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the three groups regarding high stakes testing of students with learning disabilities. Significance (p less than or equal to .05) was not noted in any areas when comparing administrators perspectives of graduation requirements that impact educational experiences and outcomes of students, however the area of changes that administrators perceive are needed in order to best support students in meeting these requirements, significance (p less than or equal to .05) was noted. Findings indicate that administrators felt that as a result of the graduation requirement, it is important for special education students to be included in general education classes and exposed to the general education curriculum. They also agreed that special education and general education teachers need to be exposed to professional development to help students be successful in high stakes testing. Another finding from this study was administrators felt that including greater use of practice materials and instruction in test taking would also be needed to help students be successful. / Ph. D.

Temos aktualumas. Pastaruoju metu vykdant Lietuvoje švietimo reformą, sprendžiant gana sudėtingas mokytojų profesinės kompetencijos tobulinimo problemas ir siekiant optimaliai padidinti šalies gyventojų švietimo kokybę bei ugdymo efektyvumą, itin svarbus vaidmuo tenka deramam profesiniam mokytojų pasiruošimui ir sistemingam jų profesinių žinių gilinimui. Pedagogų rengimo koncepcija akcentuoja esmines pedagogų rengimo tobulinimo gaires, atsižvelgiant į Bolonijos deklaraciją, Lisabonos strategijos nuostatas. Visa tai rodo ir pasirinktos temos aktualumą ir naujumą. Tyrimo problemą sudaro tai, kad būsimieji pedagogai dar nepakankamai susipažinę su numatomais kvalifikacinio egzamino organizavimo ir paties egzamino turinio atnaujinimo. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti ir įvertinti būsimųjų pedagogų požiūrį į numatomą kvalifikacinio egzamino organizavimą ir jo turinį. Tyrimo bazė – keturios aukštosios mokyklos: dvi universitetinės – Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas ir Klaipėdos universitetas ir trys neuniversitetinės aukštosios mokyklos: Vilniaus, Panevėžio ir Utenos kolegijos. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad kvalifikacinio egzamino organizavimo ir turinio problemos yra neatsiejamos viena nuo kitos. Būsimieji mokytojai, susidurdami su kvalifikacinio egzamino turinio problemomis, kartu susiduria ir su organizavimo klausimais. Dauguma būsimųjų pedagogų kvalifikacinio egzamino organizavimą (65,1 proc.) ir turinio tobulinimą (69 proc.) vertina kaip lygiavertes ir svarbias šiuolaikinės Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality of the subject. Recently performing educational reform in Lithuania, solving complicated problems of perfection of teachers‘ professional competencies and seeking to increase optimally the education quality and effectiveness of education of country‘s residents especially important role fell on a befitting professional preparation of teachers and systematical deepening of their professional knowledge. Conception of pedagogues‘preparation emphasizes essential guidelines of perfection of teachers‘preparation considering Bolonija declaration and provisions of Lisbon strategies. New documents regulating education of Lithuania highlight the necessity to resume the development of possibilities for the preparation of pedagogues and perfection of their qualification. The problem of the research. – The problem of the research is that future pedagogues are insufficiently introduced with a predictable organization of qualifying examination and the resumption of examination content. The aim of the research – to explore and evaluate the attitude of future pedagogues to the organization of qualifying examination and it‘s content. The basis of the research – five higher schools: two academic – Vilnius pedagogical and Klaipeda university and three non-academic higher schools of Vilnius, Panevezys and the college of Utena. It was found by the research that the problems of organization of qualifying examination and content are concurrent one from another. When meeting the problems... [to full text]

An impact of the qualifying directive upon the position of a refugee in the EU - Abstract This thesis deals with an impact of the qualifying directive upon the position of a refugee in the EU. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse partial provisions of the directive1 and to explore their impact upon refugees and people with a status of subsidiary protection. Issues of asylum are being discussed a lot at this time with regard to thousands of people in need of an international protection. The thesis consists of introduction, five chapters and conclusion. The introduction determines subject matter of the thesis and factual situation of asylum in EU. Chapter one is divided into two subchapters. Subchapter one illustrates historical development of Common European Asylum System. Subchapter two outlines legal basis of the directive and it is divided into four parts. Chapter two is the most comprehensive. It explains conditions for an obtaining of refugee status in accordance with the direction. It contents five subchapters. Subchapter one focuses on definition of refugee which features person needs for obtaining refugee status. Subchapter two describes the term "well-founded fear of persecution" which is crucial for the definition. It consists of four parts and each of them deals with the specific aspects of the...

Qualifying requirements and evaluating criteria in public tenders The purpose of my thesis is to analyse selected areas of public tenders awarding, namely qualifying requirements and evaluating criteria, which are used for selection of the most advantageous contractor for performance of the public tender object. The thesis is composed of four main chapters. Chapter One summarizes the development of public tender legislation in the Czech Republic, defines current legislation both in the Czech Republic and in the European Union. Chapter Two defines basic terms of the public tenders area which are typical and characteristic only for public tenders and which are not used in other fields of Czech law. The two remaining chapters are devoted to the qualifying requirements and evaluating criteria, their role and types. Through qualifying requirements contractors are divided into those who are qualified to perform public tender and those who are not. Regarding its importance, it is necessary to stick to the binding provision of the Public Procurement Act while setting the qualifying requirements. Chapter Four is devoted to the evaluating criteria. On the basis of the evaluating criteria the contractor whose bid best fulfils the idea of performance of the contracting authority is chosen from those who are...

<p>It has become increasingly simple for companies to offer its employees shares in the form of incentive or option plans to acquire.  Companies motivate incentive plans with employee buy-outs that it will lead to higher involvement of work. The offers are often associated with disposal restrictions to the employee such as not immediately dispose of shares or that the employees will have to remain of employment within a certain timeframe. The problems with disposal restrictions are that it makes it difficult to determine the point of taxation.</p><p>When shares deemed acquired at the time of share subscription the benefit will be taxable as income from service and the increase in value income from capital. When shares are deemed to be acquired only after cessation of disposal restrictions this will result in that the benefit is taxed only once.</p><p>After the Supreme Administrative Court rulings in 3167-09 and 3168-09, it is now obvious that the acquisition is deemed to occur at the time of acquisition. The problem is not yet solved because the constant development of the security market needs to be considered. The area will be a subject to further revisions because of the technological development and internationalization of the area.</p>

It has become increasingly simple for companies to offer its employees shares in the form of incentive or option plans to acquire.  Companies motivate incentive plans with employee buy-outs that it will lead to higher involvement of work. The offers are often associated with disposal restrictions to the employee such as not immediately dispose of shares or that the employees will have to remain of employment within a certain timeframe. The problems with disposal restrictions are that it makes it difficult to determine the point of taxation. When shares deemed acquired at the time of share subscription the benefit will be taxable as income from service and the increase in value income from capital. When shares are deemed to be acquired only after cessation of disposal restrictions this will result in that the benefit is taxed only once. After the Supreme Administrative Court rulings in 3167-09 and 3168-09, it is now obvious that the acquisition is deemed to occur at the time of acquisition. The problem is not yet solved because the constant development of the security market needs to be considered. The area will be a subject to further revisions because of the technological development and internationalization of the area.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o papel do silêncio na formação contratual. Analisa-se, tendo-se como base os conceitos da proposta e da aceitação, assim como suas principais modalidades, as formas pelas quais pode se dar a declaração negocial. Inicia-se, com o objetivo de compará-los com o silêncio, pelo exame dos meios não silenciosos de declaração negocial, individualizando-se e analisando-se criticamente as formas expressa e tácita, assim como os comportamentos concludentes, elementos objetivos da última. Mediante o estudo dessas formas e das teorias tradicionais do silêncio, conclui-se que a adotada pelo vigente Código Civil é a Teoria do Silêncio Qualificado. A partir daí, analisa-se o silêncio como forma de declaração negocial e sua evolução no Direito brasileiro e comparado para alcançar-se o vigente diploma civil, o qual prevê que o silêncio importa anuência, em seu artigo 111. Conclui-se, tendo-se como base o acima exposto, que o silêncio é forma de declaração negocial autônoma, não se constituindo, pois, sinônimo ou subespécie da declaração expressa ou da tácita. Infere-se, igualmente e por isso mesmo, então, que o silêncio é forma de aceitação à proposta contratual, desde que presentes os elementos qualificadores – circunstâncias e usos – previstos no dispositivo legal respectivo e desde que observados outros elementos aplicáveis às relações de Direito civil e contratuais, especialmente. Analisam-se por fim, exemplificativamente, outros elementos de concreção a serem observados para valoração do silêncio, como a confiança negocial e os fins econômicos e sociais. / The purpose of the thesis is the assessment of the silence’s role in the contract formation. Taking into consideration the offer and acceptance meanings as well as their categories, their means of declaration are analyzed. Starting with the comparison to the silence as an objective, the tacit and express declarations are critically assessed. Based on the studies above mentioned it is possible to conclude that the theory regarding the silence adopted by the Brazilian Civil Code is the so-called Qualified Silence Theory. Therefore, the silence as a contractual declaration and its evolution in the Brazilian Civil Law is examined in order to reach the current article in the Brazilian Civil Code concerning this issue provision. The silence is an autonomous means of will declaration and it is not attached to the express or to the tacit one. This way, the conclusion regarding the silence’s role in the contract formation is that it is a way of expressing acceptance since special circumstances are present in the case, as stated in the article 111 of the Brazilian Civil Code, and once other elements applicable to the civil law and, specially, contractual relations are observed. e desde que observados outros elementos aplicáveis às relações de Direito civil e contratuais, especialmente Eventually, other concretion components – besides those provided in the referred article, which are the case’s circumstances and the common/usual practices – need to be taken into consideration in the silence analysis, such as the trust and the economical and social goals.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o papel do silêncio na formação contratual. Analisa-se, tendo-se como base os conceitos da proposta e da aceitação, assim como suas principais modalidades, as formas pelas quais pode se dar a declaração negocial. Inicia-se, com o objetivo de compará-los com o silêncio, pelo exame dos meios não silenciosos de declaração negocial, individualizando-se e analisando-se criticamente as formas expressa e tácita, assim como os comportamentos concludentes, elementos objetivos da última. Mediante o estudo dessas formas e das teorias tradicionais do silêncio, conclui-se que a adotada pelo vigente Código Civil é a Teoria do Silêncio Qualificado. A partir daí, analisa-se o silêncio como forma de declaração negocial e sua evolução no Direito brasileiro e comparado para alcançar-se o vigente diploma civil, o qual prevê que o silêncio importa anuência, em seu artigo 111. Conclui-se, tendo-se como base o acima exposto, que o silêncio é forma de declaração negocial autônoma, não se constituindo, pois, sinônimo ou subespécie da declaração expressa ou da tácita. Infere-se, igualmente e por isso mesmo, então, que o silêncio é forma de aceitação à proposta contratual, desde que presentes os elementos qualificadores – circunstâncias e usos – previstos no dispositivo legal respectivo e desde que observados outros elementos aplicáveis às relações de Direito civil e contratuais, especialmente. Analisam-se por fim, exemplificativamente, outros elementos de concreção a serem observados para valoração do silêncio, como a confiança negocial e os fins econômicos e sociais. / The purpose of the thesis is the assessment of the silence’s role in the contract formation. Taking into consideration the offer and acceptance meanings as well as their categories, their means of declaration are analyzed. Starting with the comparison to the silence as an objective, the tacit and express declarations are critically assessed. Based on the studies above mentioned it is possible to conclude that the theory regarding the silence adopted by the Brazilian Civil Code is the so-called Qualified Silence Theory. Therefore, the silence as a contractual declaration and its evolution in the Brazilian Civil Law is examined in order to reach the current article in the Brazilian Civil Code concerning this issue provision. The silence is an autonomous means of will declaration and it is not attached to the express or to the tacit one. This way, the conclusion regarding the silence’s role in the contract formation is that it is a way of expressing acceptance since special circumstances are present in the case, as stated in the article 111 of the Brazilian Civil Code, and once other elements applicable to the civil law and, specially, contractual relations are observed. e desde que observados outros elementos aplicáveis às relações de Direito civil e contratuais, especialmente Eventually, other concretion components – besides those provided in the referred article, which are the case’s circumstances and the common/usual practices – need to be taken into consideration in the silence analysis, such as the trust and the economical and social goals.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o papel do silêncio na formação contratual. Analisa-se, tendo-se como base os conceitos da proposta e da aceitação, assim como suas principais modalidades, as formas pelas quais pode se dar a declaração negocial. Inicia-se, com o objetivo de compará-los com o silêncio, pelo exame dos meios não silenciosos de declaração negocial, individualizando-se e analisando-se criticamente as formas expressa e tácita, assim como os comportamentos concludentes, elementos objetivos da última. Mediante o estudo dessas formas e das teorias tradicionais do silêncio, conclui-se que a adotada pelo vigente Código Civil é a Teoria do Silêncio Qualificado. A partir daí, analisa-se o silêncio como forma de declaração negocial e sua evolução no Direito brasileiro e comparado para alcançar-se o vigente diploma civil, o qual prevê que o silêncio importa anuência, em seu artigo 111. Conclui-se, tendo-se como base o acima exposto, que o silêncio é forma de declaração negocial autônoma, não se constituindo, pois, sinônimo ou subespécie da declaração expressa ou da tácita. Infere-se, igualmente e por isso mesmo, então, que o silêncio é forma de aceitação à proposta contratual, desde que presentes os elementos qualificadores – circunstâncias e usos – previstos no dispositivo legal respectivo e desde que observados outros elementos aplicáveis às relações de Direito civil e contratuais, especialmente. Analisam-se por fim, exemplificativamente, outros elementos de concreção a serem observados para valoração do silêncio, como a confiança negocial e os fins econômicos e sociais. / The purpose of the thesis is the assessment of the silence’s role in the contract formation. Taking into consideration the offer and acceptance meanings as well as their categories, their means of declaration are analyzed. Starting with the comparison to the silence as an objective, the tacit and express declarations are critically assessed. Based on the studies above mentioned it is possible to conclude that the theory regarding the silence adopted by the Brazilian Civil Code is the so-called Qualified Silence Theory. Therefore, the silence as a contractual declaration and its evolution in the Brazilian Civil Law is examined in order to reach the current article in the Brazilian Civil Code concerning this issue provision. The silence is an autonomous means of will declaration and it is not attached to the express or to the tacit one. This way, the conclusion regarding the silence’s role in the contract formation is that it is a way of expressing acceptance since special circumstances are present in the case, as stated in the article 111 of the Brazilian Civil Code, and once other elements applicable to the civil law and, specially, contractual relations are observed. e desde que observados outros elementos aplicáveis às relações de Direito civil e contratuais, especialmente Eventually, other concretion components – besides those provided in the referred article, which are the case’s circumstances and the common/usual practices – need to be taken into consideration in the silence analysis, such as the trust and the economical and social goals.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify and describe how B2B salespeople utilize social media when prospecting for new customers based on a sequential sales process.Design/methodology/approach - The study employs an interpretive approach as it attempts to convey a phenomenon through the eyes of the participants. The data is derived from six participants collected through semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis aids to decipher patterns in the data and display these descriptive and narratively.Findings - The study identified four themes of social media use when prospecting for new customers. Further, the study suggests that salespeople are using social media to identify and qualify the prospects and their competencies in a networking manner and consequently follow the key targets of interest in order to initiate possibilities for offering customized solutions or adapt their approach accordingly.Research limitations/implications - The findings describes prospecting on social media through identified themes and points to new techniques to obtain information regarding prospects. This study opens up for future research in order to strengthen the newly discovered themes and its underlying forces.Managerial implications - The study reveals that prospecting techniques on social media are exercised and fueled by a salesperson's own intuition. This should be considered by the management as the employees’ intuition may depart from a company’s core strategy and values.Originality/value - No studies has examined how prospecting is carried out in practice on social media. The empirical findings in this study provide a new suggestion of how social media is used by salespeople and accordingly contributes to current sales literature by adding four descriptive themes of prospecting on social media.