A study was conducted to investigate if morphometric facial measurements could be utilized to differentiate five categorical performance types of Quarter Horses. The five categories being Western, Halter, English, Reining, and Cutting. The measurements were collected from 323 registered Quarter Horses representing animals who ranged in age from one year to 30 years of age and one of three gender (Stallion, Gelding, and Mare) categories. Eight facial measurements were obtained from two geographic areas, Florida and Oregon. A correlation was performed and resulted in a reduction of the data from eight to five facial measurements, due to the presence of facial symmetry. The reduced data was subsequently analyzed by Multivariate Analysis, using the Wilks Lambda Analysis of Variance. The Main effects, age, gender, and categorical performance type were all significant (p<0.0001 to 0.001). Of the two-way interactions only age:gender was not significant (p>0.05) and the three-way interaction age:gender:type was also not significant (p>0.05) Based upon the not significant (p>0.05) Based upon the results, the five original performance categories could be reduced to four (English, Halter, Cutting, and Western/Reining). This indicates that there are a number of similarities in facial measurements between the Western and Reining horses. Findings of this thesis indicate that selected facial morphometric traits exist and are characterized in the different performance categories. / Graduation date: 2003

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_rg_me_botfmvz.pdf: 632338 bytes, checksum: d9886ea6c6ef32f7b0807c6462fa9082 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Eqüinos da raça Quarto de Milha, 30 machos e 30 fêmeas com idade entre 42 a 48 meses que apresentavam a epífise distal do radio fechada, em plena atividade esportiva, foram analisados em seus valores da densidade mineral óssea do osso acessório carpo em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl). A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um programa computacional (Software) especialmente desenvolvido para medida de densidade óptica em filmes de raio-X, que contém a imagem radiográfica do osso carpo acessório e degraus de uma escala de alumínio (phantom) em milímetros, que permite a medida de densidade mineral óssea. Os valores encontrados para as fêmeas foram de 4,49 ± 0,69 mmAl com idade média de 43 ± 2 meses e para os machos de 4,43 ± 0,81 mmAl, com idade média de 45 ± 2 meses, não existindo associação entre idade e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e também, nenhuma diferença estatística significativa entre os sexos. / Equines of Quarter Horse, 30 males and 30 females aging between 42 and 48 months that presented distal epiphysis of the radio closed, in full sport activity, had been analyzed as to their values of the osseous mineral density of the accessory carp bone in milimeters of aluminum (mmAl). The evaluation was carried out through a computational program (Software) especially developed for measuring optical density in ray-X films, that contain radiographical image of the accessory carp bone and steps of an aluminum scale (phantom) in milimeters, that allows the measure of osseous mineral density. The values found for female were 4.49 ± 0.69 mmAl with average age of 43 ± 2 months and for male 4.43 ± 0.81 mmAl, with 45 average age of 45 ± 2 months without association between age and osseous mineral density (DMO) and also, no significant statistics difference between male and female.

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Vulcano / Resumo: Eqüinos da raça Quarto de Milha, 30 machos e 30 fêmeas com idade entre 42 a 48 meses que apresentavam a epífise distal do radio fechada, em plena atividade esportiva, foram analisados em seus valores da densidade mineral óssea do osso acessório carpo em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl). A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um programa computacional (Software) especialmente desenvolvido para medida de densidade óptica em filmes de raio-X, que contém a imagem radiográfica do osso carpo acessório e degraus de uma escala de alumínio (phantom) em milímetros, que permite a medida de densidade mineral óssea. Os valores encontrados para as fêmeas foram de 4,49 ± 0,69 mmAl com idade média de 43 ± 2 meses e para os machos de 4,43 ± 0,81 mmAl, com idade média de 45 ± 2 meses, não existindo associação entre idade e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e também, nenhuma diferença estatística significativa entre os sexos. / Abstract: Equines of Quarter Horse, 30 males and 30 females aging between 42 and 48 months that presented distal epiphysis of the radio closed, in full sport activity, had been analyzed as to their values of the osseous mineral density of the accessory carp bone in milimeters of aluminum (mmAl). The evaluation was carried out through a computational program (Software) especially developed for measuring optical density in ray-X films, that contain radiographical image of the accessory carp bone and steps of an aluminum scale (phantom) in milimeters, that allows the measure of osseous mineral density. The values found for female were 4.49 ± 0.69 mmAl with average age of 43 ± 2 months and for male 4.43 ± 0.81 mmAl, with 45 average age of 45 ± 2 months without association between age and osseous mineral density (DMO) and also, no significant statistics difference between male and female. / Mestre

A capacidade aeróbica dos equinos atletas pode ser explica, em partes, pelo seu desenvolvimento cardíaco associado ao treinamento físico. O exame ecocardiográfico de equinos atletas permite a visualização destas alterações e da função cardíaca destes animais. Buscou-se avaliar ecocardiograficamente equinos de diferentes modalidades esportivas, para verificar se o tipo de atividade física desempenhada por cada grupo de animais promove diferenças estruturais ou funcionais cardíacas. 196 equinos foram submetidos à avaliação ecocardiográfica em repouso, sendo divididos em três grupos: grupo Polo, 44 equinos participantes de provas de Polo; grupo QM, 49 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, participantes de provas de baliza e tambor, e grupo PSI, 103 equinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês participantes de provas de corridas. Foram avaliados os seguintes índices cardíacos: SIV, DIVE e PLVE em sístole e diástole, AE em sístole, Ao em diástole, relação AE:Ao, FEj, VEj, VSFVE, VDFVE, FS%, E-S, TEVE, DC e FC. Os animais do grupo PSI apresentaram os maiores volumes de ventrículo esquerdo, tendo apresentado proporcionalmente menor eficiência quando analisado o VEj. Os animais do grupo Polo e QM apresentaram melhores valores quando analisadas as variáveis de função cardíaca. A atividade física mais intensa desempenhada pelos animais do grupo QM e Polo permitiu melhor desenvolvimento funcional do coração destes animais, tendo o grupo PSI, apresentado valores que sugerem que sua capacidade aeróbica ainda pode ser melhor explorada através de melhor orientação de seu treinamento físico. / The aerobic capacity of equine athletes may be explained, in part, by its cardiac development associated with physical training. Echocardiographic examination of equine athletes allows the visualization of these changes and cardiac function of these animals. We aimed to evaluate echocardiographically horses of different sports to see if the type of physical activity performed by each group of animals promotes structural or functional cardiac differences. 196 horses underwent echocardiography at rest were divided into three groups: Polo group, 44 horses participating in tests of Polo; QM group, 49 horses of Quarter Horse, participants of barrel and pole bending events and PSI group, 103 horses of the breed Thoroughbred racehorses. We evaluated the following heart rates: IVS, LVD and LVFW in systole and diastole, LA in systole, Ao in diastole, mean LA: Ao, EF, EV, LVFSV, LVFDV, FS%, E-S, LVET, CO and HR. The PSI group animals showed higher left ventricular volumes and provided proportionately less efficiency when we analyzed EV. Animals in group Polo and QM showed higher values when variables such as cardiac function. The more intense physical activity performed by the animals of group QM and Polo provided better functional development of the heart of these animals, and the PSI group, presented figures suggesting that aerobic capacity can still be better exploited through better targeting of their physical training.

A capacidade aeróbica dos equinos atletas pode ser explica, em partes, pelo seu desenvolvimento cardíaco associado ao treinamento físico. O exame ecocardiográfico de equinos atletas permite a visualização destas alterações e da função cardíaca destes animais. Buscou-se avaliar ecocardiograficamente equinos de diferentes modalidades esportivas, para verificar se o tipo de atividade física desempenhada por cada grupo de animais promove diferenças estruturais ou funcionais cardíacas. 196 equinos foram submetidos à avaliação ecocardiográfica em repouso, sendo divididos em três grupos: grupo Polo, 44 equinos participantes de provas de Polo; grupo QM, 49 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, participantes de provas de baliza e tambor, e grupo PSI, 103 equinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês participantes de provas de corridas. Foram avaliados os seguintes índices cardíacos: SIV, DIVE e PLVE em sístole e diástole, AE em sístole, Ao em diástole, relação AE:Ao, FEj, VEj, VSFVE, VDFVE, FS%, E-S, TEVE, DC e FC. Os animais do grupo PSI apresentaram os maiores volumes de ventrículo esquerdo, tendo apresentado proporcionalmente menor eficiência quando analisado o VEj. Os animais do grupo Polo e QM apresentaram melhores valores quando analisadas as variáveis de função cardíaca. A atividade física mais intensa desempenhada pelos animais do grupo QM e Polo permitiu melhor desenvolvimento funcional do coração destes animais, tendo o grupo PSI, apresentado valores que sugerem que sua capacidade aeróbica ainda pode ser melhor explorada através de melhor orientação de seu treinamento físico. / The aerobic capacity of equine athletes may be explained, in part, by its cardiac development associated with physical training. Echocardiographic examination of equine athletes allows the visualization of these changes and cardiac function of these animals. We aimed to evaluate echocardiographically horses of different sports to see if the type of physical activity performed by each group of animals promotes structural or functional cardiac differences. 196 horses underwent echocardiography at rest were divided into three groups: Polo group, 44 horses participating in tests of Polo; QM group, 49 horses of Quarter Horse, participants of barrel and pole bending events and PSI group, 103 horses of the breed Thoroughbred racehorses. We evaluated the following heart rates: IVS, LVD and LVFW in systole and diastole, LA in systole, Ao in diastole, mean LA: Ao, EF, EV, LVFSV, LVFDV, FS%, E-S, LVET, CO and HR. The PSI group animals showed higher left ventricular volumes and provided proportionately less efficiency when we analyzed EV. Animals in group Polo and QM showed higher values when variables such as cardiac function. The more intense physical activity performed by the animals of group QM and Polo provided better functional development of the heart of these animals, and the PSI group, presented figures suggesting that aerobic capacity can still be better exploited through better targeting of their physical training.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the actual performance and actual status of American western breeds in Czech Republic. The statistical analysis is based on data from the Central register of horses, breeders associations and on the results of one of the accredited discipline by ČJF and FEI, reining. The results were collected between the years 2013 and 2015 from ČJFs archive. The analysis uses the GLM, dependent variables were points earned in the competition and placement in the competition, the effects were breed of the horse, age of the horse, year of the competition, level of the competition, the rider and the equestrian association. Also in the case of signification effect was Scheffes and Tukey-B multiple comparison test used. Through the analysis of data mentioned above it was found that the amount of bred western horses in Czech Republic has an increased trend, also their efficiency in reining competitions improves. The most popular breed of western horses bred in Czech Republic is American Quarter horse which is also in reining represented most often, followed by American Paint horse and Appaloosa.

Hereditary Equine Regional Derma Asthenia (HERDA) is a painful disfiguring autosomal recessive skin disorder of Quarter Horse lineages. Affected horses cannot be ridden and most are humanely destroyed. Five years following homozygosity mapping of a putative causal mutation responsible for HERDA, it remains unclear how this mutation causes the HERDA syndrome. HERDA horses have a missense mutation in peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB) which encodes cyclophilin B (CYPB) and alters folding and post-translational modifications of fibrillar collagen. Loss of function mutations in CYPB recognized in other species classically present as the debilitating bone disease, severe to lethal osteogenesis imperfect (OI). Objectives of this study were to develop a novel method for cryogenic clamping of tendons and ligaments of high tensile strength and validate its performance by ultimate tensile strength testing of normal equine deep digital flexor tendon. This validated method was then used to compare tendon and ligament of HERDA vs. control horses along with great vessels and skin. We hypothesized that all tissues of high fibrillar collagen content would have altered tensile properties due to the CYPB mutation affecting fibrous connective tissue globally within HERDA horses. Based on previous studies in our laboratory identifying reduced hydroxylysine content and altered collagen crosslink ratios in the skin of HERDA affected animals that implicate lysyl hydroxylase-1 (LH1) dysfunction, we hypothesized that the HERDA PPIB mutation modified an interaction between CYPB and LH1, interfering with hydroxylysine synthesis and its availability for collagen crosslink formation. In addition, we hypothesized that mutant CYPB may also lead to modifications of other known CYPB protein complexes, such as the CYPB, prolyl-3 hydroxylase-1 (P3H1) and cartilage associated protein (CRTAP) triplex. Goals of this study were to investigate the tensile properties of tissues with high fibrillar collagen content from HERDA homozygotes, to elucidate the mechanistic relationship of the HERDA CYPB mutation to the clinical disease, and to provide evidence to substantiate a heterozygote phenotype in HERDA which could be useful to explaining the correlation between lineages that carry the HERDA allele and performance outcomes in the discipline of western cutting competition.

Unwanted horses are a growing problem in the United States, and through the use of surveys, researchers can understand public opinion and experiences related to this problem. This study administered surveys specific to horse and non-horse owners through face-toace delivery and to rescue/retirement and auction facilities through the mail. Data was analyzed using a CRD, GLM and Fisher’s Protected LSD with á of 0.05. Comparisons were completed between horse and non-horse owners, horse owners and non-horse owners with equine experience, non-horse owners with and without equine experience, Quarter horse and other breeds owners, and auction and rescue/retirement facilities. Similarities were seen between groups for questions associated with participant location, understanding of processing/harvesting regulations and procedures, processing/harvesting facility restrictions preferences, and knowledge of management cutbacks and rescue facility locations. The only question that was significantly different for all comparisons was concerning the support towards the reopening of equine processing/harvesting facilities.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-06-08T21:04:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Coutinho Ribeiro - 2015.pdf: 1861535 bytes, checksum: dbcf200e9f28a73a6beb4e4697cae540 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T11:47:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Coutinho Ribeiro - 2015.pdf: 1861535 bytes, checksum: dbcf200e9f28a73a6beb4e4697cae540 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T11:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Coutinho Ribeiro - 2015.pdf: 1861535 bytes, checksum: dbcf200e9f28a73a6beb4e4697cae540 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main structures that restrict movements in frontal plane and rotation of the distal inter phalangeal joint (DIJ) are the collateral ligaments (CL). Lesions of CLs represent one of the major cause of lameness in horses and can affect all limbs, but the incidence is much higher in forelimbs. It can be either unilateral or bilateral. Medial or lateral CLs, can be affected simultaneously, but medial desmitis has been reported more often. The CL appears as an oval and echogenic structure in ultrasound images in the collateral fossa of the middle phalanx. This study has aimed to evaluate the collateral ligaments of the distal inter phalangeal joint of the forelimbs in Quarter horses without lameness, through ultrasound examination. Thirty Quarter horses, aged between two and 23 years (7 ± 3.30), of both genders, average weight of 442.9 ± 40.2, body score 3/5, with no lameness, were used for ultra-sonographic evaluation of the forelimbs collateral ligaments (CL) of the distal interphalangeal joint. All animals were calf roping (13) or barrel race (17) horses, divided into three groups (A, B and C) based on the age. Six parameters were evaluated: ligament area (LA), hypoechogenicity (HO), collapse of coronal vessels (CV), heterogeneity (HT), hyperechogenicity (HR) and irregularity of ligament margins (IM). In average, the ligament was 7.0 ± 0.9 mm thick, 11.7 ± 1.4 mm wide and had 0.77 ± 0.17 cm² of cross-sectional area, and appeared as an oval and echogenic structure. Sixteen percent of CLs had at least one of the above related changes. When comparing medial and lateral CLs, the medial CL showed changes more often (17%) than the lateral CL (14%). The most common findings included changes in echogenicity of the fibers and thickening of the CL, measured by LA; this parameter was abnormal in 17% of examined CL. Considering lateral and medial CLs separately, this rate was 13% and 20%, respectively. When the medial CL was compared in different groups, it was also more affected by increasing LA. In group B, the rate of increased LA was significantly higher (25%). Animals from groups B and C showed an upward trend in the frequency of HR (28 and 31%, respectively). Ligament fibers HT was significantly more frequent in group C. HO was observed in only 20% of the examined CLs. IM appeared in 38% animals of group C, while CV was only observed in a few horses. / As principais estruturas que limitam o movimento colateral e a rotação da articulação inter falangeana distal são os ligamentos colaterais (LC). As lesões dos LCs representam uma causa importante de claudicação em equinos e podem acometer qualquer um dos membros no cavalo, porém a frequência é bem maior nos membros torácicos, de modo uni ou bilateral. Ambos os LCs, medial ou lateral, podem ser afetados, simultaneamente, mas a desmite do LC medial tem sido relatada com maior frequência. As imagens ultrassonográficas do LC aparecem como uma estrutura oval e ecogênica dentro da fossa colateral da falange média (FM). Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o ligamento colateral da articulação inter falangeana distal dos membros torácicos em equinos Quarto de Milha sem claudicação, empregando o exame ultrassonográfico. Foram utilizados trinta equinos, da raça quarto de milha, com idades entre dois e 23 anos (7 ± 3,30), de ambos os sexos, média de peso de 442,9 ± 40,2, escore corporal 3/5 e sem claudicação para avaliação ultrassonográfica dos ligamentos colaterais da articulação inter falangeana distal nos membros torácicos. Os animais praticavam provas de laço de bezerro (13) ou três tambores (17) e foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com a idade: A: entre três e quatro anos; B entre cinco e dez anos; C: acima de dez anos. Foram avaliados seis parâmetros ao ultrassom: área do ligamento (AL), hipoecogenicidade (HO), colapso dos vasos coronais (CV), heterogeneidade (HT), hiperecogenicidade (HR) e irregularidade de bordas do ligamento (IB). O LC apresentou, em média, 7,0 ± 0,9 mm de espessura, 11,7 ± 1,4 mm de largura, área transversal de 0,77 ± 0,17 cm², e apareceu como uma estrutura oval e ecogênica. Dos 30 animais, 16% dos LCs apresentaram pelo menos uma das alterações relacionadas. Quando comparados os LCs medial e lateral, o LCM apresentou alterações com maior frequência (17%) que o LCL (14%). Na imagem transversal, os achados mais comuns incluíram mudanças na ecogenicidade das fibras e espessamento do LC, medido pela AL, parâmetro que se mostrou alterado em 17% dos LC examinados. Quando foram considerados os LCLs e LCMs separadamente, a frequência de alterações foi de 13% e 20%, respectivamente. O LCM, quando analisado em grupos de diferentes idades, também foi o mais acometido pelo aumento da AL; no grupo B, a frequência do aumento de área se mostrou aumentada significativamente (25%). Animais dos grupos B e C demonstraram uma tendência de aumento da frequência da HR (28 e 31%, respectivamente). A HT de fibras foi observada com uma frequência significativamente maior no grupo C. A HO apareceu em apenas 20% dos LCs examinados. A IB apareceu em 38% dos animais do grupo C, enquanto o CV foi observado em poucos animais.