Orientador: Maria Rita Caetano-Chang / Banca: Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim / Banca: Emilio Carlos Prandi / Resumo: O Sistema Aquífero Bauru estende-se por cerca de 40% do estado de São Paulo, sendo umas das principais fontes de exploração de água subterrânea do estado; abastece integralmente 32,5% de seus municípios, abrangendo a maior parte do Planalto Ocidental Paulista. Nesse sistema destaca-se o Aquífero Marília, dado tratar-se de aquífero raso cuja explotação é menos onerosa. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização petrográfica dos arenitos da Formação Marília no município de Quintana, São Paulo, a fim de identificar possíveis minerais portadores de bário em sua estrutura, uma vez que estudos realizados em águas do Sistema Aquífero Bauru identificaram a presença desse elemento acima dos limites de potabilidade estipulados pela CETESB. Para a caracterização petrográfica foram analisadas lâminas delgadas em microscópio óptico, por difratometria de raio-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os arenitos são classificados como subarcóseos, de acordo com a classificação de Folk, sendo constituídos principalmente por quartzo e feldspato e, em menor quantidade, por fragmentos líticos e minerais acessórios. Os principais tipos de cimento observados são carbonatos, óxidos-hidróxidos de ferro e argilominerais. Por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, identificou-se a presença de bário no cimento carbonático, o que suporta a ocorrência desse elemento nas águas do Aquífero Marília / Abstract: The Bauru Aquifer System covers approximately 40% of São Paulo State and it is one of the major sources of groundwater in the state, responsible for water supply to 32.5% of its municipalities, extending over most of the São Paulo Western Plateau. The present research focused on the petrographic characterization of Marília Formation sandstones, in the city of Quintana, São Paulo, in order to identify potential minerals containing barium in its structure, since previous studies of Bauru Aquifer System waters have reported the presence of barium exceeding the potability limit of CETESB. Petrographic analyses were executed using optical microscopy, Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The sandstones are classified as subarkose according to Folk classification and are mainly composed of quartz and feldspar; in minor amounts are composed of lithic fragments and accessory minerals. The main types of cement observed are carbonates, iron oxides and clays. Under scanning electron microscope it was identified the presence of barium in the carbonate cement, which support its occurrence in the waters of the Marília Aquifer / Mestre

No description available.

Wild plant resources are harvested and managed by people in a variety of land-uses but few studies examine the interactions of landscape dynamics and the use and availability of wild plant resources. I address this question using a case study of common property lands with a history of community forestry and traditional shifting cultivation. Specifically I ask: What is the perceived importance of plant resources obtained in agricultural and forest environments? Have forest and agricultural land-use/land covers changed? How do landscape changes, and in particular shorter fallow times, influence the availability and use of plant resources? / The perceived importance of wild plant resources was studied using free-listing and ranking exercises with focus groups of men and women. Remote sensing and interviews served to analyse landscape dynamics (1976-2000) and to identify local forest conservation regulations. The impact of shorter fallow times on the availability of forage and firewood in agricultural fields was assessed by sampling 26 fields derived from short to long fallows, while a household survey served to characterize patterns of firewood collection. / Men attributed highest importance to commercial forest products, while resources most valued by women were domestic resources obtained in a variety of environments. High rates of forest retention were observed; conservation was focused on forests with high densities of commercial products. The agricultural zones shifted from a mosaic of diverse successional stages to a homogeneous landscape dominated by younger fallows and shorter fallow periods; these changes led to reductions in the availability of firewood and some forage species. Firewood collection was related to accessibility; areas with the least amount of firewood available (short-fallow cycles and low forest cover) experienced the highest collection pressure. / The findings demonstrate that indigenous territories can be very dynamic, even when rates of forest conservation are high, and that changes in land-use and landscape structure have important implications for the availability and use of wild plant resources. A conceptual model linking landscape dynamics to wild plant use is proposed and the significance of the results for community-based conservation initiatives is discussed.

Ongoing investigation of peccary remains from fossiliferous deposits in the Yucatán resulted in re-examination of previously identified tayassuid fossils from the region. This included the recently described new genus and species of peccary, Muknalia minima, which is based on a dentary from Muknal Cave near Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Diagnostic characters of this taxon include a concave notch along the caudal edge of the ascending ramus and a ventrally directed angular process. Our assessment of the holotype indicates that these characteristics are not a reflection of the original morphology, but are instead the result of breakage and polishing of the posterior aspect of the dentary. Measurements and intact morphological features indicate the Muknal Cave specimen belongs to the extant collared peccary, Pecari tajacu.

Entre 1808 e 1814 o Império Hispânico esteve envolvido por uma grande crise, iniciada pelo sequestro do rei Fernando VII por Napoleão Bonaparte. Com a invasão francesa, uma parte do povo espanhol resistiu aos conquistadores, e entre eles havia um grupo de ilustrados que se reuniam normalmente em uma tertúlia. Sob o comando do poeta Manuel Quintana, este grupo decidiu escrever o Semanario Patriótico, um jornal pioneiro, que interpretava a crise militar como uma crise constitucional e tentava comandar uma revolução. Em meio às dificuldades peninsulares, a questão americana foi motivo de preocupação e esperança, e nesse ponto houve um dos maiores debates do período, que dizia respeito tanto à posição das antigas colônias na nova ordem quanto em como combater as crescentes insurgências. Diante dos problemas políticos e militares, o grupo fundador do Semanario Patriótico se separou, não apenas fisicamente, mas também politicamente, e fundou novos jornais. Enquanto a maior parte dos seus redatores integrou o grupo liberal durante as Cortes de Cádis, outros se afrancesaram ou então emigraram para a Inglaterra. Conforme tentaremos comprovar ao longo da dissertação, o grupo também se dividiu quanto à resolução dos problemas advindos do Antigo Regime e da Crise, propondo diferentes soluções não apenas para a Europa, mas igualmente para o Império Americano. Esse trabalho é, portanto, um estudo de como um grupo ilustrado tentou manejar a crise do Antigo Regime na Espanha ao mesmo tempo em que tentava manter o Império Atlântico, porém sob novas condições, e não repetindo a estrutura de colônia e metrópole. / Between 1808 and 1814 the Hispanic Empire was involved in a major crisis, which begun by the arrest of Fernando VII by Napoleon Bonaparte. With the French invasion, a section of the Spanish people resisted to the conquerors, and amid them there was a group of illustrated that made up, before, a tertulia. Under the leadership of Manuel Quintana, this group decided to publish the Semanario Patriótico, a precursor newspaper that interpreted the military crisis as a constitutional crisis and was trying to do a revolution. Among the peninsular difficulties, the American problem was the whole time a reason to be worried and to hope. At this point, there was one of the hardest discussions of the period, which related both to the status of the ancient colonies in the new order and to how to face the growing insurgences. In the face of the political and military issues, the founding band of the Semanario Patriótico split up, not only territorially, but also politically, and started new journals. While the majority of its redactors helped do define what was the new liberal party during the Cortes de Cádiz, others frenchfyed themselves or emigrated to England. According to what we will defend along the dissertation, the group also split up about the resolution of the problems coming from the Ancient Regime and from the Crisis, developing different resolutions, not only for Europe, but likewise to the American Empire. This work is, therefore, a study of how a handful of illustrated tried to handle the crisis of the Ancient Regime in Spain at the same time as they were trying to keep the Atlantic Empire, but under new conditions, and not repeating the old structure of colony and metropolis.

O estudo da poética de Mario Quintana terá por base as investigações da Literatura Comparada e da Teoria Literária, considerando o pensamento de Wellek, Ortega y Gasset, Bloon, Bakhtin, Paz, Pound, Antonio Cândido, entre outros. A primeira e a segunda partes da pesquisa se voltam às relações da literatura com a própria literatura e com outros campos do saber que têm nas relações sociais o pano de fundo para o desenvolvimento da produção artística e da visão de mundo expressa nas criações. Na parte seguinte, a dimensão simbólica do tempo é base dos estudos tanto na poesia como na pintura. Na quarta parte, é observado o processo das influências que estimulou a produção poética de Mario Quintana. Para tanto, a temática temporal, constante preocupação da lírica, foi o eixo centralizador das aproximações entre as suas poesias e as de Camões, com enfoque na problemática do carpe diem; nesta mesma parte, com relação ao tratamento da saudade, destacase a produção de Antônio Nobre, poeta português que, assim como Quintana, resgata em sua obra o passado vivido ou sonhado. Ampliando as inter-relações entre diferentes formas de expressão há, na quinta e na última parte, interesse nas analogias entre a poesia e a pintura com foco nas retomadas que Quintana faz da obra de vários pintores, privilegiando a de Van Gogh. / This paper aims at the study of Mario Quintana´s poetic, based mostly on the research and investigations carried out in Comparative Literature and Literary Theory fields, taking into consideration the thoughts and ideas of authors such as, Wellek, Ortega y Gasset, Bloon, Bakhtin, Paz, Pound, Antonio Cândido, among others. The first and second parts of the present research are concerned with the relationship the literature has to do with itself and with other knowledge areas which have the social interaction as the background for the art development and the worldview expressed in the masterpieces. In the next part, time symbolic dimension is the basis for the studies in both poetry and paintings. In the fourth part, the influential processes that would have stimulated Quintana´s poetic production are observed. For such purposes, the temporal thematic, a frequent concern of Quintana\'s poetry, was crucial to look for the similarities between Quintana\'s and Camões\' creations, focusing mostly on the carpe diem problems; in this same part, concerning with the treatment given to the feeling of missing, Antonio Nobre´s writings are highlighted, because this Portuguese poet, like Quintana, used to bring his past either experienced or dreamt to his verses. In the fifth and last part, making inter-relationships between different kinds of expression, there are interests in analogies between poetries and paintings, with focus on some painters recalling undertaken by Quintana, special and mostly on Van Gogh´s ones.

Entre 1808 e 1814 o Império Hispânico esteve envolvido por uma grande crise, iniciada pelo sequestro do rei Fernando VII por Napoleão Bonaparte. Com a invasão francesa, uma parte do povo espanhol resistiu aos conquistadores, e entre eles havia um grupo de ilustrados que se reuniam normalmente em uma tertúlia. Sob o comando do poeta Manuel Quintana, este grupo decidiu escrever o Semanario Patriótico, um jornal pioneiro, que interpretava a crise militar como uma crise constitucional e tentava comandar uma revolução. Em meio às dificuldades peninsulares, a questão americana foi motivo de preocupação e esperança, e nesse ponto houve um dos maiores debates do período, que dizia respeito tanto à posição das antigas colônias na nova ordem quanto em como combater as crescentes insurgências. Diante dos problemas políticos e militares, o grupo fundador do Semanario Patriótico se separou, não apenas fisicamente, mas também politicamente, e fundou novos jornais. Enquanto a maior parte dos seus redatores integrou o grupo liberal durante as Cortes de Cádis, outros se afrancesaram ou então emigraram para a Inglaterra. Conforme tentaremos comprovar ao longo da dissertação, o grupo também se dividiu quanto à resolução dos problemas advindos do Antigo Regime e da Crise, propondo diferentes soluções não apenas para a Europa, mas igualmente para o Império Americano. Esse trabalho é, portanto, um estudo de como um grupo ilustrado tentou manejar a crise do Antigo Regime na Espanha ao mesmo tempo em que tentava manter o Império Atlântico, porém sob novas condições, e não repetindo a estrutura de colônia e metrópole. / Between 1808 and 1814 the Hispanic Empire was involved in a major crisis, which begun by the arrest of Fernando VII by Napoleon Bonaparte. With the French invasion, a section of the Spanish people resisted to the conquerors, and amid them there was a group of illustrated that made up, before, a tertulia. Under the leadership of Manuel Quintana, this group decided to publish the Semanario Patriótico, a precursor newspaper that interpreted the military crisis as a constitutional crisis and was trying to do a revolution. Among the peninsular difficulties, the American problem was the whole time a reason to be worried and to hope. At this point, there was one of the hardest discussions of the period, which related both to the status of the ancient colonies in the new order and to how to face the growing insurgences. In the face of the political and military issues, the founding band of the Semanario Patriótico split up, not only territorially, but also politically, and started new journals. While the majority of its redactors helped do define what was the new liberal party during the Cortes de Cádiz, others frenchfyed themselves or emigrated to England. According to what we will defend along the dissertation, the group also split up about the resolution of the problems coming from the Ancient Regime and from the Crisis, developing different resolutions, not only for Europe, but likewise to the American Empire. This work is, therefore, a study of how a handful of illustrated tried to handle the crisis of the Ancient Regime in Spain at the same time as they were trying to keep the Atlantic Empire, but under new conditions, and not repeating the old structure of colony and metropolis.

O estudo da poética de Mario Quintana terá por base as investigações da Literatura Comparada e da Teoria Literária, considerando o pensamento de Wellek, Ortega y Gasset, Bloon, Bakhtin, Paz, Pound, Antonio Cândido, entre outros. A primeira e a segunda partes da pesquisa se voltam às relações da literatura com a própria literatura e com outros campos do saber que têm nas relações sociais o pano de fundo para o desenvolvimento da produção artística e da visão de mundo expressa nas criações. Na parte seguinte, a dimensão simbólica do tempo é base dos estudos tanto na poesia como na pintura. Na quarta parte, é observado o processo das influências que estimulou a produção poética de Mario Quintana. Para tanto, a temática temporal, constante preocupação da lírica, foi o eixo centralizador das aproximações entre as suas poesias e as de Camões, com enfoque na problemática do carpe diem; nesta mesma parte, com relação ao tratamento da saudade, destacase a produção de Antônio Nobre, poeta português que, assim como Quintana, resgata em sua obra o passado vivido ou sonhado. Ampliando as inter-relações entre diferentes formas de expressão há, na quinta e na última parte, interesse nas analogias entre a poesia e a pintura com foco nas retomadas que Quintana faz da obra de vários pintores, privilegiando a de Van Gogh. / This paper aims at the study of Mario Quintana´s poetic, based mostly on the research and investigations carried out in Comparative Literature and Literary Theory fields, taking into consideration the thoughts and ideas of authors such as, Wellek, Ortega y Gasset, Bloon, Bakhtin, Paz, Pound, Antonio Cândido, among others. The first and second parts of the present research are concerned with the relationship the literature has to do with itself and with other knowledge areas which have the social interaction as the background for the art development and the worldview expressed in the masterpieces. In the next part, time symbolic dimension is the basis for the studies in both poetry and paintings. In the fourth part, the influential processes that would have stimulated Quintana´s poetic production are observed. For such purposes, the temporal thematic, a frequent concern of Quintana\'s poetry, was crucial to look for the similarities between Quintana\'s and Camões\' creations, focusing mostly on the carpe diem problems; in this same part, concerning with the treatment given to the feeling of missing, Antonio Nobre´s writings are highlighted, because this Portuguese poet, like Quintana, used to bring his past either experienced or dreamt to his verses. In the fifth and last part, making inter-relationships between different kinds of expression, there are interests in analogies between poetries and paintings, with focus on some painters recalling undertaken by Quintana, special and mostly on Van Gogh´s ones.

Equity and fairness in the distribution of tourism benefits and participation in tourism decision-making are key tenets of sustainable tourism. However, little attention has been paid to the study and conceptualization of justice in tourism and robust theoretical or methodological foundations to examine fairness and justice; in particular, in regards to the well-being of ethnic, minority and/or disadvantaged groups are especially lacking in tourism studies. This dissertation reports the results of a grounded theory study of justice and equity in relation to tourism and the Yucatecan Maya in Quintana Roo, Mexico. A robust framework is offered to guide the study of cultural justice in tourism, which was developed based on theoretical contributions from environmental justice, social justice, and political philosophy, among others, and empirical data from multiple sources. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 47 tourism stakeholders, participant observation, and examination of tourism-related government reports, statistics and other data related to legislation, planning and development. Issues of justice were found to be complex and multifaceted, rooted in post-colonial and contemporary power dynamics that affect the economic, social, and cultural status of the Yucatecan Maya in society. The study identified four major issues directly related to tourism that affected the economic and cultural well-being of this ethnic group: cultural exploitation, cultural marginalization, cultural racism, and cultural domination. The extensive research also identified the positive role of tourism in providing for cultural justice, in particular, recognition and respect for cultural, ethnic and minority groups and the cultural sustainability of their cultural manifestations. Based on the above findings and drawing upon theoretical contributions in the extensive literature on justice and fairness, it is argued that discourses of justice and equity in tourism should look beyond the distribution of tourism benefits and access to political power and address intangible matters of respect, recognition, and cultural valuation. A number of key principles to help address cultural injustices are suggested and implications for tourism policy and practice discussed.

Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2008