Ultra wide band (UWB) is an emerging technology that recently has gained regulatory approval. It is a suitable solution for high speed indoor wireless communications due to its promising ability to provide high data rate at low cost and low power consumption. Another benefit of UWB is its ability to resolve individual multi-path components. This feature motivates the use of RAKE multi-path combining techniques to provide diversity and to capture as much energy as possible from the received signal. Potential future and rule limitation of UWB, lead to two important characteristics of the technology: high bit rate and low emitting power. Based on the power emission limit of UWB, the only choice for implementation is the low level modulation technology. To obtain such a high bit rate using low level modulation techniques, significant inter-symbol interference (ISI) is unavoidable. </p>Three N (N means the numbers of fingers) fingers RAKE receiver structures are proposed: the N-selective maximal ratio combiner (MRC), the N-selective MRC receiver with least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive equalizer and the N-selective MRC receiver with LMS adaptive combiner. These three receiver structures were all simulated for N=8, 16 and 32. Simulation results indicate that ISI is effectively suppressed. The 16-selective MRC RAKE receiver with LMS adaptive combiner demonstrates a good balance between performance, computation complexity and required length of the training sequence. Due to the simplicity of the algorithm and a reasonable sampling rate, this structure is feasible for practical VLSI implementations.

Ultra wide band (UWB) is an emerging technology that recently has gained regulatory approval. It is a suitable solution for high speed indoor wireless communications due to its promising ability to provide high data rate at low cost and low power consumption. Another benefit of UWB is its ability to resolve individual multi-path components. This feature motivates the use of RAKE multi-path combining techniques to provide diversity and to capture as much energy as possible from the received signal. Potential future and rule limitation of UWB, lead to two important characteristics of the technology: high bit rate and low emitting power. Based on the power emission limit of UWB, the only choice for implementation is the low level modulation technology. To obtain such a high bit rate using low level modulation techniques, significant inter-symbol interference (ISI) is unavoidable. </p>Three N (N means the numbers of fingers) fingers RAKE receiver structures are proposed: the N-selective maximal ratio combiner (MRC), the N-selective MRC receiver with least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive equalizer and the N-selective MRC receiver with LMS adaptive combiner. These three receiver structures were all simulated for N=8, 16 and 32. Simulation results indicate that ISI is effectively suppressed. The 16-selective MRC RAKE receiver with LMS adaptive combiner demonstrates a good balance between performance, computation complexity and required length of the training sequence. Due to the simplicity of the algorithm and a reasonable sampling rate, this structure is feasible for practical VLSI implementations.

Ultra Wideband (UWB) communication systems occupy large bandwidths with very low power spectral densities. This feature makes UWB channels highly rich in multipaths. To exploit the temporal diversity, a UWB receiver usually incorporates Rake reception. Each multipath in the channel carries just a fraction of the signal energy. This phenomenon dictates a Rake receiver with a large number of fingers to achieve good energy capture and output signal to noise ratio (SNR). Eventually, the Rake structure becomes very complex from analysis and design perspectives and incurs higher manufacturing cost. The first contribution of this thesis is to propose channel shortening or time domain equalization as a technique to reduce the complexity of the UWB Rake receiver. It is analyzed that most of the existing channel shortening equalizer (CSE) designs are either system specific or optimize a parameter not critical or even available in UWB systems. The CSE designs which are more generic and use commonly critical cost functions may perform poorly due to particular UWB channel profiles and related statistical properties. Consequently, the main contribution of the thesis is to propose several CSE designs to address the specific needs of UWB systems. These CSE designs not only exploit some general but also some UWB specific features to perform the task more efficiently. The comparative analysis of the proposed CSEs, some existing designs and the conventional Rake structures leads towards the conclusion. It is finally shown that the use of CSE at the receiver front end greatly simplifies the Rake structure and the associated signal processing.

Ultra Wideband (UWB) communication systems occupy large bandwidths with very low power spectral densities. This feature makes UWB channels highly rich in multipaths. To exploit the temporal diversity, a UWB receiver usually incorporates Rake reception. Each multipath in the channel carries just a fraction of the signal energy. This phenomenon dictates a Rake receiver with a large number of fingers to achieve good energy capture and output signal to noise ratio (SNR). Eventually, the Rake structure becomes very complex from analysis and design perspectives and incurs higher manufacturing cost. The first contribution of this thesis is to propose channel shortening or time domain equalization as a technique to reduce the complexity of the UWB Rake receiver. It is analyzed that most of the existing channel shortening equalizer (CSE) designs are either system specific or optimize a parameter not critical or even available in UWB systems. The CSE designs which are more generic and use commonly critical cost functions may perform poorly due to particular UWB channel profiles and related statistical properties. Consequently, the main contribution of the thesis is to propose several CSE designs to address the specific needs of UWB systems. These CSE designs not only exploit some general but also some UWB specific features to perform the task more efficiently. The comparative analysis of the proposed CSEs, some existing designs and the conventional Rake structures leads towards the conclusion. It is finally shown that the use of CSE at the receiver front end greatly simplifies the Rake structure and the associated signal processing.

We propose and analyze new finger assignment/management techniques that are applicable for RAKE receivers when they operate in the soft handover region. Two main criteria are considered: minimum use of additional network resources and minimum call drops. For the schemes minimizing the use of network resources, basic principles are to use the network resources only if necessary while minimum call drop schemes rely on balancing or distributing the signal strength/paths among as many base stations as possible. The analyses of these schemes require us to consider joint microscopic/macroscopic diversity techniques which have seldom been considered before and as such, we tackle the statistics of several correlated generalized selection combining output signal-to-noise ratios in order to obtain closed-form expressions for the statistics of interest. To provide a general comprehensive framework for the assessment of the proposed schemes, we investigate not only the complexity in terms of the average number of required path estimations/comparisons, the average number of combined paths, and the soft handover overhead but also the error performance of the proposed schemes over independent and identically distributed fading channels. We also examine via computer simulations the effect of path unbalance/correlation as well as outdated/imperfect channel estimations. We show through numerical exam ples that the proposed schemes which are designed for the minimum use of network resources can save a certain amount of complexity load and soft handover overhead with a very slight performance loss compared to the conventional generalized selection combining-based diversity systems. For the minimum call drop schemes, by accurately quantifying the average error rate, we show that in comparison to the conventional schemes, the proposed distributed schemes offer the better error performance when there is a considerable chance of loosing the signals from one of the active base stations.

The analysis of this thesis concerns various problems associated with adaptive CDMA multi-user detection in asynchronous multi-path channels. Starting with some simple concept of Wiener filtering and correlating detector, we construct a novel adaptive decorrelating transversal filter suitable for CDMA multi-user detection in uplink channels. Then, we make use of the LMS and RLS algorithms to replace the traditional decorrelating transversal filter (which is also called inverse matrix based decorrelating detector) to make the scheme work fully adaptively. In this way, a great advantage in terms of computation load reduction is made possible. To further improve the detection efficiency, we will also make use of RAKE receiver to enhance the overall decision reliability in the proposed adaptive CDMA MUD scheme. Although the focus of this thesis is put on analysis, we will also use computer simulations to counter-check the results obtained from theoretical analysis, showing a very good match between the two. In the last part of the thesis, we will also discuss the various issues on fully blind implementation of the proposed adaptive CDMA MUD scheme with some useful multipath channel delay and amplitude estimation algorithms.

A review of adaptive decorrelating detector techniques for direct-sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) signals is given. The goal is to improve CDMA system performance and capacity by reducing interference between users. The techniques considered are implementations of multiuser receivers, for which background material is given. Adaptive algorithms improve the feasibility of such receivers. An adaptive multiuser receiver for CDMA system has been proposed to increase system capacity. The adaptive decorrelator can be used to eliminate interference from known interferers, though it is prone to noise enhancement. However the receiver is basically designed for synchronous CDMA over AWGN channels. In order to confirm the robustness of the receiver for the asynchronous cases, experimental evaluations are displayed when the relative user delays are small compared to the symbol duration and when the channel is Rayleigh multipath fading as in micro-cellular scenarios. In addition to the efficient implementation of the decorrelating detector of [1], the receiver also can be adapted to incorporate decision feedback. Successive interference cancellation techniques reduce interference by cancellation of one detected signal from another. And an efficient incorporation of decorrelator with RAKE and (DF) decision feedback receiver for frequency-selective Rayleigh fading multipath channels is also proposed. Performance evaluation of the detector via computer simulation scenarios is conducted to substantiate it's potential for real-time operation.

In this thesis, we take an application of multiple symbol differential detection (MSDD) technique in direct-sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) system. It is well- known that MSDD is an effective noncoherent demodulator which outperform the conventional M-ary differential phase shift keying (MDPSK) in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Take MPSK demodulator into consideration, the performance of MSDD based on noncoherent demodulation approaches the performance of coherent demodulation. However, there is little research about MSDD in frequency-selective fading channel. We are now combining the MSDD and Rake receiver to be the signal demodulator. In conventional, there are two kinds of Rake receivers. One is coherent demodulator. Another is noncoherent demodulator. For coherent demodulation, it needs to have channel estimation at each path. The advantage is that the performance will be improved. On the other hand, the disadvantage is complexity and operation will increase. On the contrast, for noncoherent demodulation, it is the performance degradation and complexity simplification. In this thesis, We suggest a multiple symbol differential detection on Rake receiver for CDMA system. From our computer simulation, only for hard decision, the performance is improved and the improvement is proportional to the number of multipath and the number of the length of multiple symbol. This will not happen in conventional MDPSK. However, from our observation, the improvement of performance is degrading as the number of multipath increase. Thus, we employee the technique of Viterbi decoding differential detection (VDDD) to demodulate the differential sequence. By the property of decision interval, the VDDD can obtain additional improvement.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) system is an indoor communication system, high data rate transmission within 5-10m transmitted range. This system suffers from high dense multipath channels impairment. If the spreading code is not orthogonal in dense multipath channels, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) will degrade the system performance. In this thesis, we will discuss the performance of various receivers in ultra-wideband channels. Rake receiver can collect signal energy from different multipath. However, the imperfect orthogonal property of spreading code will cause severe ISI and degrade the performance of Rake receiver. Least mean square (LMS) chip equalizer not only combines the energy from different multipath, but also suppresses ISI. But, the complexity is too high to realize. In this thesis, we combine Rake receiver with ISI canceller to enhance system performance. If the canceller is before Rake receiver, we define it as ISIC RAKE. If the canceller is behind Rake receiver, we define it as RAKE ISIC. In the ISI canceller, not only ISI caused by preceding bits is cancelled, but also the ISI caused by following bit is cancelled. In multiuser cases, we are also canceling multi-access interference (MAI). From simulation results, the proposed method outperforms conventional Rake receiver, Rake receiver combined with LMS symbol equalizer, and LMS chip equalizer. The complexity of proposed method is lower than LMS chip equalizer.

Traditionally in CDMA system, selective rake receiver is the popular method of detection. When used in DS-UWB system, the complex in door environment will increase the channel paths. As the channel paths increase, the more fingers which are part of Rake receiver will increase. It will be difficult for hardware implement when consider the operation of channel estimation and Rake receiver. And it is unfavorable for hardware design. In this thesis, we will use partial Rake receiver to replace selective Rake receiver. Channel estimation is implemented by template the receiver signals within 2 bit time window length. The performance is acceptable and the hardware complexity is reduced. When implement the channel estimation, we combine some blocks of acquisition and channel estimation for reducing hardware complexity.