Darbe analizuojamas Tibeto tarptautinis teisinis statusas iki lemiamo 1949 m. konflikto su Kinija bei situacija po konflikto. Autorius trumpai apžvelgia Tibeto valstybingumo istoriją bei Tibeto tarptautinio teisinio statuso kaitą ir su tuos susijusius tarptautinius dokumentus, pagrindžia padarytas prielaidas ir hipotezes tarptautinės teisės doktrina. Taip pat nagrinėjamas Tibeto suvereniteto klausimas, sąlygos ir reali situacija. Darbe taip pat atskleidžiama, kada ir kaip valstybė praranda ar įgyja nepriklausomybę, taip pat nepriklausomybės reikšmė valstybės egzistavimui, konkrečiu Tibeto atveju. Taip pat teorinės ir konkrečiai Tibeto valstybės tęstinumo ir identiteto nustatymo problemos. Autorius taip pat vadovaujasi pagrindiniais tarptautinės teisės dokumentais, siekdamas pagrįsti dvi versijas apie Tibeto tarptautinį teisinį statusą bei tarptautinės bendruomenės poziciją ir veiksmų stoką šiuo konkrečiu bei panašiais atvejais. Autorius bando atsakyti ir į pačias svarbiausias problemas, nustatant Tibeto tarptautinį teisinį statusą. Jos yra politinės ir teisinės. Tibeto teisinio statuso dvilypumas yra aktuali problema iki šios dienos. Taigi situacijos sudėtingumas, nevienareikšmiškumas, tarptautinės bendruomenės nevieningumas ir konkrečios pozicijos nebuvimas sąlygoja, kad Tibeto tarptautinis teisinis statusas išlieka dvilypis ir realus statusas neatitinka to, kuris turėtų būti vadovaujantis tarptautinės teisės normomis. Autorius padaro išvadą, kad šios situacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study analyses the most important international legal status questions concerning Tibet and the Peoples Republic of China prior to 1949 m. invasion and the aftermath. The author takes a brief look at the international legal status of Tibet prior to the formentioned invasion and a diligent study of the most important periods of the historical development of Tibet and its international status, through analysing the most important international treaties, legal doctrine and other documents. Also the author acknowledges the current struggle of Tibet and it‘s people to regain independance or at least a workable, suitable for tibetans and legitimate autonomous status. The author also tries to take in account the actions and passiveness of international community and United Nations organization concering this issue. In this study it is shown, that the international community doesn‘t acknowledge the invasion of Tibet as opposing to the international laws and principles, however no real action is taken, therefore leaving the status of Tibet a very delicate matter where all possibilities have to be considered. Author is aiming to define the current situation in the world policy on the matter of Tibet, also the legal and current issues of Tibetan sovereignity, proving that the nation of Tibet is still in full sovereignity and is being occupied only in territorial conflict. Some of the most valid current problems of the legal status of Tobet are also discussed by the... [to full text]

The distinctive household registration (hukou or huji) system of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) divides the population into two groups whose political rights and legal status are unequal. This thesis focuses on Shanghai to examine the establishment of the hukou system in the 1950s in the course of the rural and urban reforms led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Although the system has been explained as a result of the CCP’s industrialization strategy, my investigation has led me to conclude that the hukou system was an indirect rather than direct consequence of industrialization. My examination also shows that “rural” and “urban” in the PRC are essentially neither residential nor occupational categories; rather they are closely connected with political privileges. The first part of this study focuses on the consequences of the CCP’s land reform and collectivization campaigns after 1949. During this period, a large number of people who had moved freely between urban and rural areas, playing active roles in both, were uprooted from the countryside. At the same time, the CCP carried out a series of expulsions from Shanghai and other cities. Hundreds of thousands of urban residents, particularly those lacking secure employment, were removed after being labeled as “undesirable.” Thus CCP policies turned the cities and the countryside into two separate worlds. Next the dissertation outlines how the PRC state evolved after 1949, focusing on those directly maintained on the government’s payroll in Shanghai. This group was small in the beginning but soon began to expand. During the 1950s, after taking over almost all public-service institutions, the state took steps to absorb private enterprises through the policy of “public-private joint operation.” A large cohort of workers was thus added to the state payroll. Following these changes, the cities had become home mainly to employees of the party-state, together with their dependents. The state provided various benefits to its insiders. At the same time, it reduced most of the rural population to a kind of serfdom, while putting in place a set of mechanisms to secure the boundary between insiders and outsiders. / Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2012-06-27 09:01:49.88

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2016-12-07T19:23:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Conrado Ottoboni Baggio.pdf: 2112658 bytes, checksum: f3cbb6f9b07c84a81dc573f08967ac07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-07T19:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Conrado Ottoboni Baggio.pdf: 2112658 bytes, checksum: f3cbb6f9b07c84a81dc573f08967ac07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / CAPES / This master thesis presents the relations between the People´s Republic of China (PRC) and the African states through the case of the Republic of Sudan. Aiming at identifying the reasons and methods behind the current Chinese interactions with the African continent a bibliographical and documental research is made highlighting the practical examples of this relation. In the first chapter a historical panorama of the Sino-African relations since the 1950´s until the decade of the 2010´s is presented, establishing a connection between the changes occurred inside and with the PRC and the African continent, and the existing dynamics among the two actors. In the second chapter the political and economical trajectory of the region where the Sudanese state – and later South Sudan - is located is presented showing the country´s colonial past, the challenges in building a nation from such distinct people and cultures and its vulnerability before the great powers. The third chapter focus on the involvement of the PRC with Sudan, providing a closer and singular perspective about how the Asian power handled other developing countries in the past and how it´s doing so lately. The conclusion affirms that the intense participation of the PRC in peace missions in Sudan and South Sudan and the demonstrations of concern regarding Human Rights are derivative from both the need imposed by the growing contact with the internal instabilities of these countries and also the desire to present itself as a responsible state inside the international system, considering that the PRC performance towards Sudan exemplifies the country´s a broader involvement with African states. / Esta dissertação apresenta as relações entre a República Popular da China (RPC) e os Estados da África, a partir do caso da República do Sudão. Com o objetivo de identificar as razões e o método por trás das atuais interações chinesas com o continente africano é feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, ressaltando os exemplos práticos dessa relação. No primeiro capítulo é apresentado um panorama histórico das relações sino-africanas desde os anos 1950 até a década de 2010, estabelecendo uma conexão entre as mudanças ocorridas na RPC, no continente africano e na dinâmica existente entre esses dois atores. No segundo capítulo será apresentada a trajetória política e econômica da região onde se localiza o Estado sudanês - e posteriormente o Sudão do Sul – mostrando o passado colonial do país, os desafios de se construir uma nação a partir de povos e culturas distintas e sua vulnerabilidade diante das grandes potências. O terceiro capítulo foca no envolvimento da RPC com o Sudão fornecendo uma perspectiva mais próxima e singular de como a potência asiática lidou com outros países em desenvolvimento no passado e como ela vem fazendo isso atualmente. A conclusão afirma que a intensa participação da RPC em missões de paz no Sudão e no Sudão do Sul e as demonstrações de preocupação com o respeito aos direitos humanos são derivados tanto das necessidades impostas pelo aumento do contato com as instabilidades internas desses países, como pelo desejo de se mostrar como um Estado responsável dentro do sistema internacional, sendo a atuação da RPC em relação ao Sudão representativa de um envolvimento geral do país com os demais Estados africanos.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze People's Republic of China and India from the point of view of their mineral and energy dependence, where mineral means the necessity to import raw materials for the industry, while energy corresponds to imports of energy resources, namely coal, oil and natural gas. The secondary aim is so called 3C-Analysis (Comparison, Competition, Cooperation), which compares these two economies and evaluates their mutual relationships. The thesis is divided into three main parts - China, India, 3C-Analysis. The subchapters focuse on partial analysis, which are the definition of strategic minerals based on the key industrial branches, the determination of causes of mineral resources dependence and problems outcoming from current structure of energy imports, as well as the analysis and evaluation of the steps leading to the dependence elimination. The text also contains information about the situation in industrial and energy sector of both countries and basic data of raw materials production, reserves, consumption and imports.

The thesis highlights the importance of Chinese activities before 2000 and especially the necessity to study this period in order to fully understand the current relations between African countries and the People's Republic of China. Selected major changes in traditional donors' development assistance are also presented. This allows us not only to see Chinese activities in Africa in context but also to quickly compare the development of Chinese aid with similar process in the West. Subsequently, the changes of Chinese foreign policy in Africa, which followed its economic activities, are also the subject of research. The thesis then focuses on contemporary Chinese development cooperation with Africa, for example its forms, implementation, or differences when compared to traditional donors. Finally, I attempt to evaluate the PRC as a donor using the model of an ideal donor and his counterpart.

This study was designed to explore the perceptions of the leadership behavior of deans of students at 15 universities in the Republic of China (ROC). The study groups included the deans of students, student affairs staff members, and student leaders within the 15 universities. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) was employed to assess the leadership behavior of the deans of students in the dimensions of initiating structure and consideration. The population included 10 current deans of students and 8 former deans of students, 173 student affairs staff members, and 224 student leaders. In addition, six current deans of students and one officer of the Ministry of Education were interviewed by the researcher. The conclusions are as follows. 1. Current and former deans of students had the same perceptions and expectations of the leadership behavior in the initiating structure and consideration dimensions. 2. Effective leadership behavior of deans of students was associated with high scores on initiating structure and consideration. 3. Deans of students employed different leadership behaviors to lead the student affairs staff members and student leaders. 4. The leadership behavior of the deans of students was inclined toward high initiating structure and low consideration. 5. Deans of students and student affairs staff members had differing perceptions of leadership behavior on real consideration. 6. Deans of students and the student leaders had differing perceptions of leadership behavior on real initiating structure. This study suggested that a dean of students may want to employ a plan of self-study, or participate in leadership training programs, workshops, and conferences related to student affairs to improve leadership behavior effectively. Further research to examine the perceptions of the leadership behavior of deans of students is recommended.

The importance of party-military relations in the People's Republic of China was succinctly stated by Mao in his dictum that "political power comes from the gun" and "the Party should command the gun." Party-military relations in the PRC have never fully conformed to Mao's warning. This study seeks to analyze the nature and types of party-military relations in the PRC during the post-Mao period and the factors affecting change in these relations.

This dissertation delves into the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) naval diplomacy. It seeks to provide further understanding on the particularities of Chinese naval diplomacy, discussing trends, objectives and the aspects that make it singular. It is a longitudinal research, studying the naval diplomatic activities carried out by the Chinese navy in the years of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. The research draws from J.J. Widen's (2011) contribution, in order to clearly define Naval Diplomacy and to determine a methodology that allows for its systematical study. Analysing previously existing records of Chinese naval diplomatic activities, and examining reports from online news outlets, a new database is constructed for the purpose of this study. This research identifies that there is an expansion in the number and scope of activities throughout these years. It also identifies that the majority of China's naval diplomatic activities are supportive in their aim, while the preferred means are Escort Task Forces. Nevertheless, varying strategies are identified for the different geographical context. Lastly, some of the characteristics that make China's approach unique are determined to be its close integration with the broader foreign-policy mechanisms, its hierarchical...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the curricular content of elementary music in China between 1912 and 1982. The questions addressed were: (1) What changes in elementary music resulted from China's becoming a republic in 1912? (2) What changes in elementary music resulted from China's becoming a socialist country in 1949? (3) What changes in elementary music in the People's Republic of China resulted from the Anti—Rightist Struggle Movement in 1957? (4) What changes in elementary music in the People's Republic of China resulted from the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)? (5) Have changes occurred in elementary music in the People's Republic of China since the beginning of the reform movement in 1978? (6) Did any of the changes affect curricular goals, contents, methods, required materials, and instruction time allotted in a like manner, or did some of these components remain the same while others changed? (7) Were the changes important enough to attribute them to a changed political ideology? After translating all pertinent documents, the goals, contents, methods, materials, and time allotted for the elementary music curricula between 1912 and 1982 were listed and identified. Subsequently, the areas of focus within those categories as well as changes in focus were identified and their importance determined. The findings were: (1) all important curricular changes occurred after 1950; and (2) changed goals resulted in changed teaching techniques; however, changed teaching techniques did not result in the changing of goals.

No description available.