This thesis provides an analysis of material relating to the peasants" revolt of 1381 found in the records of royal judicial agencies. A number of previously unknown sources of information about the rising are described. Commission records help to establish the main features of the pattern of development and geographical distribution of the disturbances in Kent, Essex and East Anglia. King's bench records are extremely heterogeneous in character, but Ar, mainly of interest for the information they provide about the unrest in London and other towns. The private litigation against the rebels permits extremely detailed investigation of the background of the insurgents and also allows rebel bands to be identified. Escheators' accounts and exclusions from the general pardon have been overrated as sources, but, together with gaol delivery records, provide some details of incidents in counties for which information about the rising is otherwise patchy. Judicial records emphasise the importance of local tensions and private quarrels in the rising. They suggest that the rapid spread of the troubles across a large part of the country was mainly due to the pursuit of local and personal grievances of this sort. The varied background of the participants in the rising probably reflects the strong local and personal elements in the disturbances. The judicial records also indicate that the events in London did not form the focal point of the rebellion in the way suggested in the chronicles. The demands presented at Mile End and Smithfield were not necessarily representative of the views of the bulk of insurgents. It appears that many of the rebels were more interested in short term personal gain than thoroughgoing reform of the social and political order.

No description available.

No description available.

The Jewish revolt against the Romans in 66 CE can be seen as the culmination of years of oppression at the hands of their Roman overlords. The first-century historian Josephus narrates the developments of the war and the events prior. A member of the priestly class and a general in the war, Josephus provides us a detailed account that has long troubled historians. This book was an attempt by Josephus to explain the nature of the war to his primary audience of predominantly angry and grieving Jews. The causes of the war are explained in different terms, ranging from Roman provincial administration, Jewish apocalypticism, and Jewish internal struggles. The Jews eventually reached a tipping point and engaged the Romans in open revolt. Josephus was adamant that the origin of the revolt remained with a few, youthful individuals who were able to persuade the country to rebel. This thesis emphasizes the causes of the war as Josephus saw them and how they are reflected both within The Jewish War and the later work Jewish Antiquities. By observing the Roman provincial administration spanning 6-66 CE, I argue that Judaea had low moments sprinkled throughout the time but in 66 there was something particularly different, according to Josephus. Josephus presents the governors and other important characters in the war in a very distinct way through rhetoric, narrative, and other methodology. The idea of a beginning to this revolt, no matter how obscure or hidden by Josephus, is the reason I want to examine the works of Josephus the historian.

Since reunifying in 1990, Germany has been working to develop an identity that represents the people of the two former German states. At the beginning of the twenty-first century the country still faced unique challenges as it reconciles the stories of the former capitalist and communist states. First, this study investigates the role of nation-building historical narratives and how they developed in the German context. Then it looks at the introduction of the East German uprising of 1953 into the national history of unified Germany and how this event has been used to shape the narrative around the 1989 revolution. Finally, it reflects on the significance of such a comparison for the historiography of the events.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att ta reda på vilka samhälleliga faktorer som initierade det egyptiska upproret. Envåldshärskaren Mubarak hade styrt landet i 30 år fram till revolten 2011. Egypten hade sedan lång tid lidit under svåra ekonomiska och sociala förhållanden, där medborgarna saknade politiska rättig- heter. Det auktoritära systemet gjorde att konfrontationen mot regimen kom plötsligt utan förvarning. Jag har använt mig av litteraturgranskning som metod, där jag analyserat vetenskapliga artiklar och litteratur. I den teoretiska bakgrunden har jag använt mig av demokratiseringsforskning som grundval, därefter följer fem underliggande perspektiv som inverkar på staters demokratiutveckling. Resultat visar att det egyptiska upproret inte hade någon klar ledare, det drevs av olika individer och grupper utan inbördes hierarki. Det politiska förtrycket och frånvaron av politiska rättigheter kan ha inverkat på delar av befolkningen, men inte haft väsentlig betydelse för upproret. Resultat indikerar att kulturella eller religiösa grunder inte hade någon avgörande betydelse för upproret. Kultur- påverkan genom olika medier hade en viktig roll för organisering av upproret, medierna orsakade däremot inte upproret. Egyptens ekonomiska recession med tillhörande matkris, korruption, fattigdom och arbetslöshet antas sammantaget ha haft avgörande betydelse för upproret. USA: s avståndstagande från regimen en kort tid efter att demonstrationerna inletts påverkade troligen Mubaraks avgång. Det nära geopolitiska läget till Tunisien och Libyen inspirerade förmodligen folket i Egypten att göra uppror. De två enskilt största faktorerna till framgången under själva upproret var det civila motståndet och militärens beslut att inte använda våld mot civilbefolkningen under demonstrationerna. Nyckelord: Egypten, auktoritärt styre, uppror, matkris och civil revolt.

The purpose of this study is to determine the circumstances surrounding the Quid revolt, to examine the intricate state and national politics of the period, and to observe how Jefferson handled this challenge to his authority.

Syftet med detta arbete var att försöka få insikt i gymnasieelevers olovliga frånvaro, samt undersöka om detta är ett uttryckt för ungdomars reaktion mot förtryckande sociala och symboliska strukturer där skolan kan uppfattas som en representant för maktens hegemoni. Undersökningen baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer och observationer i ett praktiskt program där olovlig frånvaro var ett prioriterat problem. Med stöd av Foucaults teorier om maktrelationer och ungdomskultur har detta arbete kunnat konstatera att skolk är det mest tydliga och utbredda av alla former av aversion mot skolan.

No description available.

Au début du XXe siècle, les notions de révolte et de révolution de l’esprit ont beaucoup préoccupé les jeunes intellectuels français. Dans la première partie de cette étude, nous tenterons d’analyser le contexte historique et idéologique dans lequel Artaud a progressivement construit sa propre conception de la révolution de l’esprit. S’attarder sur les rapports et influences qu’il eut avec le mouvement surréaliste a pour objectif de nous servir de base solide dans la visée d’une analyse un peu plus approfondie de son aspiration de réapprendre à penser autrement. Le recours d’Artaud à l’art, au théâtre, au savoir primitif ou mystique — sur lesquels nous allons nous pencher dans la deuxième partie de notre étude intitulé "fragments de la révolution de l’esprit" — devra avant tout être interprété comme un moyen de se libérer de ce qu’il dénonce comme ses grands "envoûtements" de la culture occidentale. Tant dans ses écrits que dans ses comportements, Artaud montre une forte volonté d’atteindre un nouvel état et de se construire un autre corps. Un corps sans organes ! Une position radicale qui expliquera en grande partie son attitude dans l’internement, le refus de son identité civile, l’aspiration à un retour à l’enfance, le recours aux drogues ou encore sa révolte contre la sexualité. / At the beginning of the twentieth century, the meaning of the spirit’s riot and revolution had concerned enough the french intellectuals. At the first part of this research we will attempt to analyze the historical and ideological background in which Artaud had progressively built his own revolution of spirit. The detailed analysis of the relations and the influences he had with the movement of the surrealism has as an aim to be used as a stable basis of Artaud’s expectations for us to learn thinking in a different way. The relations which Artaud maintained with the art of painting, the art of theatre, the mysticism and the knowledge of the ancient civilisations (we will deal with them at the second part of this research with the title « fragments of the spirit’s revolution ») should be interpret as a mean of release from what he impeaches as incantations of the western culture. Artaud shows a great will to incarnate new experiences and to build a new body. A body without organs. This extreme position gives many explanations to his strange behaviour as a sanitarium’s inmate, his identity’s aversion, his will to become a chid again, his attraction to drugs or even his denial of every sexuality.