The thesis is focused on identifying the basic assumptions for successful participation of Czech Football clubs in European competitions. One of the main motivations is the financial reward resulting from participation in European competitions. Basic assumptions are found in the team axis and their representative experience in team selection U16-U21, in the ideal age average of the basic assemblies, opponents' playability from the point of view of their nationality and an estimate of the progress of Czech teams in future years against teams by nationality. The results of the thesis clearly show that if the assumptions mentioned above are fulfilled separately the possibilities of success for the Czech teams are small. It is really important to combine these assumptions in one complex at the same time. There is not calculated with the influences we can not predict but may significantly affect the results in the competition . It is possible to estimate the success or failure of Czech teams in European team competitions from the result of this work.

Fem projekt och deras processer Projekten är ett urval av vad jag ritat under 15 år som praktiserande arkitekt. Avsikten är att belysa en del frågeställningar: Vad har varit de styrande faktorerna? Vad och vilka styr? Vilka var projektens bärande idéer? Projekt: - Ungdomens hus i Rinkeby. Nybyggnad. - Södertälje tingshus. Om-och tillbyggnad. - Radhus i Kv Kippinge, Hjulsta. Nybyggnad. - Rival, Mariatorget, Stockholm. Hotell, biograf och konferens. Om-och tillbyggnad. - Fritidshus på Skäret, Höganäs. Nybyggnad. / Five projects and their development processes The projects are a sampling of what I have designed over 15 years as a practicing architect. The intention is to highlight some questions: What has been the controlling factors? What and whom control? What were the projects supporting ideas? Projects: - Youth House (Ungdomens hus) in Rinkeby. New Construction. - Sodertalje courthouse. Reconstruction and extension. - Rowhouses in Hjulsta, Kv Kippinge. New Construction. - Rival, Stockholm. Hotels, cinema and conference. Reconstruction and extension. - Summerhouse in Höganäs. New Construction.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The publication of Thomas Kuhn s The structure of scientific revolutions is considered a watershed in the philosophy of science for having presented scientific knowledge as produced by a dynamic and historically situated process. Many of the concepts introduced by the author sparked controversy in the initial reception of this work. We highlight in this dissertation Kuhn s theses on scientific revolutions, incommensurability, and scientific choice between rival hypothesis, which were interpreted by authors such as Popper, Lakatos, Laudan and Putnam as introducing elements of irrationality and relativism into Kuhn s analysis of scientific practice. In the first paper of this dissertation, we investigate passages from Structure that led to those interpretations, and track down Kuhn s later reformulations of the three controversial theses, which attempted to avoid or respond the criticisms of irrationality and relativism. We highlight the linguistic emphasis given by Kuhn in his later works to the concepts of incommensurability and scientific revolution, and show that his thesis about scientific choices remained nearly unchanged. We claim that in Kuhn s later works his theses became more precisely formulated and narrower in scope, and that they manifest a realist inclination by the author. The second paper of this dissertation develops in more detail the issue of the rationality of scientific choice. It presents briefly three theories of scientific rationality due to Kuhn, Lakatos and Laudan, and then shows some of the problems that Lakatos and Laudan s theories face due to focusing their notion of rationality on univocal rules of choice. We then indicate that there are advantages in understanding as Kuhn did the notion of rationality in terms of values that influence objectively the choices to be made without determining them univocally. / A publicação de A estrutura das revoluções científicas, de Thomas Kuhn, é considerada um divisor de águas na filosofia da ciência por apresentar o conhecimento científico como sendo gerado por um processo dinâmico e historicamente situado. Muitos dos conceitos introduzidos pelo autor foram motivos de controvérsia na recepção inicial da obra. Destacamos na presente dissertação as teses de Kuhn sobre revoluções científicas, incomensurabilidade e escolhas científicas entre hipóteses rivais, que foram interpretadas por autores como Popper, Lakatos, Laudan e Putnam, como introduzindo elementos de irracionalidade e relativismo na análise kuhniana da atividade científica. No primeiro artigo desta dissertação, investigamos as passagens na Estrutura que levaram a essas interpretações, e rastreamos as reformulações kuhnianas posteriores para as três teses controversas com vistas a evitar ou responder as críticas de irracionalidade e relativismo. Destacamos a ênfase linguística dada por Kuhn aos conceitos de incomensurabilidade e revolução científica, e mostramos que a tese acerca das escolhas científicas permanece quase inalterada nos textos tardios. Defendemos que na obra tardia de Kuhn suas teses tornaram-se mais precisas e menos abrangentes e evidenciam uma inclinação realista do autor. O segundo artigo desta dissertação desenvolve de maneira mais detalhada a questão da racionalidade das escolhas científicas, apresentando as propostas de três teorias historicistas da racionalidade científica, devidas a Kuhn, Lakatos e Laudan. Apresentamos alguns dos problemas que as teorias de Lakatos e Laudan enfrentam ao concentrar a noção de racionalidade em regras unívocas de escolha e indicamos que há vantagens em se compreender a noção de racionalidade em termos de valores que influenciam objetivamente as escolhas sem determiná-las univocamente, como propôs Kuhn.