国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

In this dissertation I identify the philosophy of Giambattista Vico and Karl Marx as representing, broadly, two rival versions of historical inquiry. Put simply, these rival versions endorse either reasons or causes, respectively, as the proper objects of study for historians. After introducing the study of the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as an example of the type of historical event towards which these versions of inquiry might by directed, I then outline the arguments Vico and Marx give for these rival versions. Paying special attention to the assumptions about human nature, reason, and freedom at work in these arguments, I propose that comparing the plausibility and feasibility of these assumptions might allow a means of adjudicating between these comprehensive and mutually incompatible methods of historical study. I proceed to draw on the work of John Rawls and Alasdair MacIntyre, among others, to show that Marx’s conceptions of human nature, reason, and freedom are ultimately flawed and therefore untenable. I conclude by arguing that Vico’s version of historical inquiry relies on an understanding of these concepts that is more plausible than Marx’s and withstands the objections to which Marx’s understanding succumbs. Finally, I return my focus to the study of the Sixteenth Amendment and consider how Vico’s version of historical inquiry might inform this project.

In this dissertation I identify the philosophy of Giambattista Vico and Karl Marx as representing, broadly, two rival versions of historical inquiry. Put simply, these rival versions endorse either reasons or causes, respectively, as the proper objects of study for historians. After introducing the study of the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as an example of the type of historical event towards which these versions of inquiry might by directed, I then outline the arguments Vico and Marx give for these rival versions. Paying special attention to the assumptions about human nature, reason, and freedom at work in these arguments, I propose that comparing the plausibility and feasibility of these assumptions might allow a means of adjudicating between these comprehensive and mutually incompatible methods of historical study. I proceed to draw on the work of John Rawls and Alasdair MacIntyre, among others, to show that Marx’s conceptions of human nature, reason, and freedom are ultimately flawed and therefore untenable. I conclude by arguing that Vico’s version of historical inquiry relies on an understanding of these concepts that is more plausible than Marx’s and withstands the objections to which Marx’s understanding succumbs. Finally, I return my focus to the study of the Sixteenth Amendment and consider how Vico’s version of historical inquiry might inform this project.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a rival- model learning procedure on the acquisition of variations of color tacts and assessment of generalized tacting with children with autism. The participants IQs ranged from 49 to 63 and all were eleven years of age or younger. A multiple baseline across participants with embedded multiple probe was used. The child’s typical therapist functioned as an observational model but participants never received programmed consequences for responding related to the target behavior. The results of this study indicated that using a rival-model procedure produced accurate responding on trained stimuli tacting shades of color as well as generalized shades of color. This study adds to the limited amount of research published on the rival-model observational learning method with children with autism and related disabilities. Keywords: Autism, generalization, PEAK Relational Training System, rival-model,

Large passive detectors used in screening for special nuclear materials at ports of entry are characterized by poor spectral resolution, making identification of radionuclides a difficult task. Most identification routines, which fit empirical shapes and use derivatives, are impractical in these situations. Here I develop new, physics-based methods to determine the presence of spectral signatures of one or more of a set of isotopes. Gamma-ray counts are modeled as Poisson processes, where the average part is taken to be the model and the difference between the observed gamma-ray counts and the average is considered random noise. In the linear part, the unknown coefficients represent the intensites of the isotopes. Therefore, it is of great interest not to estimate each coefficient, but rather determine if the coefficient is non-zero, corresponding to the presence of the isotope. This thesis provides new selection algorithms, and, since detector data is undoubtedly finite, this unique work emphasizes selection when data is fixed and finite.

This research identifies the conditions that contribute to the rise of durable state rivals that persist over time and do not attempt to overthrow the state. I use a case study of Hezbollah in Lebanon and find that a weak state, foreign state sponsorship, and local support contribute to the rise of durable state rivals. The same conditions that enable the rise of a durable state rival make it more difficult for a durable state rival to overthrow the state. Durable state rivals exist within state borders, possess a high level of social control over a community within the state, and challenge the authority and legitimacy of the state, but they do not attempt to overthrow the state.

The current study explored how fan identification and negative rival perception affect the decision to blast or support the rival in indirect competition in college football. 258 participants (M age=24.15, 51.16% female) responded after being targeted via social media, email, and in person. Fans higher in identification had a more negative rival perception, were more likely to blast the rival, and were less likely to support the rival in indirect competition. A negative rival perception increased blasting and decreased rival support. The results contribute to current literature on rivalry and fan identification and aid marketers in marketing segmentation and targeting new segments to increase viewership and attendance.