近年來因地球暖化及環境變化，所帶來日益高漲的環保議題，從節能、減碳、無毒的環境要求等，都對企業或個人帶來一定的衝擊，進而產生個人行為的改變及企業策略的再思考。也因此，在以往常不被重視，甚至經常被當成支援性流程來管理，而非主流程的售後服務之逆向物流系統，開始漸漸受到了重視。在則，企業的誕生有不同的優勢及成因來驅動即能產生，而企業是否可持續成長或永續經營，則必須要有好的領導人，加上好的企業文化，從巨觀與微觀中產生相對的創新、品質與服務等來內化成長一個企業。而其中的品質與服務是外部客戶最直接直覺的感受，而企業逆向物流系統的建置與運籌，則與品質與服務有著高度的關聯性。基於上述的原因，逆向物流系統的設計，就成為本論文研究的主題。 本論文透過對一自有品牌主機板廠商的全球維修服務體系，做全新的審視，從客戶需求面及其原系統所面臨的問題與挑戰，加入環保考量，品質成本的回饋與最佳化，及客戶滿意等角度的看法，再透過個案深度訪談與分析，對其原全球售後服務維修體系，從國際據點挑選與建置、服務模式的規劃、全球運籌等面相，提出相關的建議，將其原僅以主機板維修服務功能為主的系統，重新設計成為以逆物流系統思考的主機板逆向物流管理系統。 因台灣主機板產業的市占率為全世界之冠，而自有品牌主機板的商業模式及其維修服務體系，都是透過客戶需求慢慢演變而來，皆無前例可循。本論文研究後的發現，可為主機板廠的逆向物流的系統設計、建置或發展，提出相關的建議。而主機板為電子產品組裝設計中，最具代表性的零組件，了解其相關的逆物流設計後，亦可為其他資訊相關電腦商品的逆物流系統設計，要如何提供更深一層的服務，可做有關的參考。最後，逆物流系統設計不僅能服務客戶，亦能作品質回饋，及滿足未來環保的訴求，甚至延伸新的商業模式，為企業做加值，提升內外部客戶與顧客的滿意。

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) and Air Power with research methods of historical comparison and literature review. Specifically, this study is to explore characteristics and influences of RMA, a modern military concept, as well as to try to answer two questions listed as follows: 1. Whether RMS brings about Air Power¡¦s changes in its quality? What changes are they? 2. Is Air Power a dominant force in RMA? In other words, are Sea Power and Land Power no longer crucial or only subordinate to Air Power in RMA? To answer the previous two questions, this study discusses the following three issues from the perspectives of weapon system, fighting principles and organization: 1. What are essential characters of RMA? What are RMA¡¦s impacts on roles and labor division of Army, Navy and Air Force? Does RMA have the greatest impact on Air Force? 2. What is so called ¡§RMA¡¨ in USA? What impacts does RMA have on warfare? 3. As a super power in the world, what is USA Air Force¡¦s future direction? Being a mid-class military power, what new vision should ROC Air Force hold in terms of weapon system, fighting principles and organization? How should ROC Air Force respond to such a new trend as RMA? Three conclusions are come up as follows: 1. Military power has developed from focusing on changes in quantity to changes in quality. Many war theories that are generally recognized have been called in question. A modern war model will mainly pursue a quick end to a war and a decrease of soldiers and civilians¡¦ injury. Future study can try to find out which military force, such as Army, Navy, and Air Force, can play a dominant role from the beginning to the end of a war. 2. Though different military forces have different environmental characteristics, each one puts extensive dependence on one another and such dependence should be highly valued. Future research can study whether final goals of warfare entail Army, Navy and Air Force¡¦s contribution and cooperation in accomplishing missions. Given that Air Power cannot exist in isolation, future research can study whether definitions of military labor division, Air Force¡¦s role and war behavior anticipation will produce dramatic changes in Air Power. 3. RMA is indeed a world power¡¦s belief, asserting that a world power does not necessarily have a capability to occupy its adversary¡¦s territory with expansion of precision-guided weaponry. By promoting RMA, USA military forces realize their vision and prospect of the 21st century. New technology developed in RMA, such as aerospace unmanned hypersonic aircrafts and munitions, enables USA military forces to launch flash attacks on its enemy from USA soil; USA no longer needs to continuously rely on region coalitions and advance bases all over the world. As a matter of fact, aerospace forces have become the most powerful tools for USA to react all kinds of conflicts. Future study can examine how Taiwan, when encountering superior military forces, can counteract RMA rather than blindly follow and imitate USA¡¦s mindset. How to enforce and train military manpower with the guidance of our own military philosophy is a crucial issue worthy of our care and consideration.

The concept of an emerging Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) came to light in American military thinking in the late 1980s, and largely dealt with a new generation of military technologies which promised to alter the nature of modern warfare. In order to exploit these new technologies to their fullest, U.S. military planners set in motion the process of transformation. Significant questions, however, have emerged regarding the utility of RMA technologies and the transformation of the U.S. military and its ability to meet the challenges of insurgency and counter-insurgency (COIN). A central question then emerges as to whether or not the RMA is relevant to COIN? Although the impact of the RMA has failed to give the U.S. an unchallengeable advantage while waging COIN campaigns, it has certainly assisted in developing specific and vital capabilities in such operations.

No description available.

Det övergripande syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser införandet av Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) får avseende väpnad strid med brigadsystem 122/90. Tidsperspektivet är 2010-2020. Arbetet har ett induktivt  förhållningssätt. Uppsatsen beskriver och förklarar innebörden av RMA. Vidare beskrivs hur brigadsystem 122/90 genomför väpnad strid. Analysen ger följande konsekvenser: ökad interoperabel förmåga, informationsöverläge möjliggörs, informationsöverföringen ger större säkerhet i genomförandet, bättre kvalitet i beslutsunderlagen, ledningskrigföring och vilseledning ökar i betydelse, beslutsstödet möjliggör högre rörlighet samt precisionen i våra insatser ökar. Uppsatsen pekar på tänkbara utvecklingsområden inom förmågorna ledning, underrättelser, bekämpning, rörlighet och uthållighet. För att erhålla optimal effekt i väpnad strid utgör informationsinhämtning och överföring av information i nära realtid en avgörande förmåga. Teknikutvecklingen blir en realitet först då den tillvaratas genom utveckling av doktriner, taktik och stridsteknik. / The overall purpose of this paper is to investigate what consequences the implementation of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) will have regarding armed combat for theBrigade System 122/90. The time perspective is 2011-2020. An inductive method of working is used in this paper. The paper aims to describe and explain the implications of RMA. Furthermore, there will be a description of how the brigade system 122/90 carries out armed combat. The analysis gives the following conclusions: increased inter-operability capacity, facilitated information superiority, information dissemination gives greater security of execution, better quality in the basis of decision, command and control warfare and deception increase in importance, support for decision making enables a higher level of mobility and the precision of our efforts increases.The paper points out possible areas of development within the capabilities of command and control, information, interdiction, mobility and sustainability. In order to achieve an optimal effect in armed combat, collection and dissemination of information in real time constitute a decisive ability. The development of technology will become a reality only when it is exploited through the development of doctrines, tactics and combat techniques. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

The last two decades have changed the society from the Industrial Age to the Information Age. The technological development, especially in IT, has caused a ”Revolution in Military Affairs”. However; how big are the changes RMA will give, or will it even change the foundation of the Art of War and if so, in what way? RMA has three cornerstones DBA, DS and PE all closely integrated in an NCW-concept. In future armed conflicts, the RMA-force will decisively achieve the objectives of military operations through information and C2 advantages over the adversary. The advantages will enable the force to choose where, when and how to engage the opponent.  The RMA also has great influence on the Armed Forces in Sweden. Under a different name, “den nya krigföringen” Sweden will implement the RMA-intentions in the Armed Forces suited for Swedish conditions. Sweden will not develop a world-wide but a local or regional RMA.The Visby class corvette is developed to meet the future requirement in the maritime environment. The unique hull construction gives Visby a multipurpose capability never seen before. The ship has high survivability and good manoeuvrability.   A comparison between the Visby and RMA directed Armed Forces indicates that the vessel in all essentials meets the requirements posed. However, some crucial aspects remain to be solved, for example how will communication, in order to contribute to DBA, take place, without risking the safety of the vessel. Revolution in Military Affairs, Dominant Battlespace Awareness, Decision Superiority, Dynamic Engagement, Information Technology, Swedish Armed Forces, Visby class corvette, the Art of War. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

Abstract A matter of fact that modern Revolution Military Affairs (RMA) results from the rapid development of ability of computer calculation and new development of information revolution, navigation satellite systems, network for command, control, communication, computer, intelligence, sensor, reconnaissance (C4ISR), Precision-guided munition with basis of information technology society. It also means that those developments as mentioned above will be one of the most important key points for controlling the advantage of information technology society to get the victory in the battlefield in next century. Moreover, it is also the key point for ARMY to develop military forces. When accurate guiding weapons develop, amounts of computer-controlling and electronic systems are instead of manpower, it means that Total War, like Consumptive War and Continuative War are abdicated, and C4ISR will become the main fighting concept in the future. This is a kind of fighting style to take ¡§Benumbing War¡¨ as the fighting principle, and take ¡§Home-thrust Strike¡¨ and ¡§Simultaneous Strike¡¨ to execute the so-called ¡§Surgical Strike¡¨ to benumb the enemies rapidly and correctly and make them lose their ability and opportunity to fight back, finally the volition of the enemies will be demoralized to lose the wars soon. RMA not only subverts the fighting principles set from 17th and 18th century, but also makes sure the unshakable position for modern RMA indirectly. Moreover, it will lead the military discourses and profound influences in the next ten to twenty years. The findings from the research are as followed: 1. The definition for traditional battlefield is changed. 2. There is no difference between the usual time and the war time. 3. Information technology fighters control the battlefields. 4. To centralize and strike the fighting center of the enemies. 5. To cut down the command hierarchies for armed forces. Members of ARMY should give up egoism and think about partnership among related organizations with unselfishness again while being in such a rapidly aggressive period. Keywords: Revolution Military Affairs (RMA), ARMY, Total War, Battle doctrine

<p>In this master thesis, we design and implemented a super mode for multiple streaming signal processing applications, and got the timing budget based on Senior DSP processor. This work presented great opportunity to study the real-time system and firmware design knowledge on embedded system.</p>

In this master thesis, we design and implemented a super mode for multiple streaming signal processing applications, and got the timing budget based on Senior DSP processor. This work presented great opportunity to study the real-time system and firmware design knowledge on embedded system.

A eliminação de células-alvo por linfócitos T citotóxicos (CTLs) exerce um papel importante na imunidade protetora contra patógenos e células tumorais, o que pode ser desencadeada pela ação de perforina e granzima, ou pelas interações Fas-FasL. A interação Fas-FasL promove a apoptose pela formação de DISC, que é composto pela cauda citoplasmática de Fas, a proteína adaptadora FADD e a pro-caspase-8. Nesse complexo, a caspase-8 é ativada e induz a clivagem das caspases efetoras -3, -6 e -7, e/ou BID - membro da família Bcl-2, desencadeando o sinal apoptótico. Devido à sua relevância na sinalização apoptótica, a caspase-8 é alvo de inúmeros estudos. Uma correlação entre mutações no gene CASP8 de células tumorais e alta atividade citolítica foi demonstrada, sugerindo que a deficiência em caspase-8 pode representar um mecanismo de evasão imune. Nesse projeto, nosso objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da deficiência em caspase-8 na eliminação de células-alvo por linfócitos T CD8&#43. Para isso, nós estabelecemos uma técnica de citotoxicidade in vitro utilizando blastos de camundongos OTI como células efetoras e células RMA como alvo. Nesse ensaio, as células-alvo foram marcadas e pulsadas com diferentes concentrações de peptídeo OVA e colocadas em co-cultura a diferentes razões efetora: alvo (E:A) com linfócitos OTI, estimulados por 7 dias com ConA e rIL-2. A eliminação específica foi avaliada após 16 horas de co-cultura. Como controle para avaliar a especificidade ao MHC de classe I, utilizamos as células RMA-S, uma vez que expressam níveis reduzidos desta molécula na superfície. Os resultados demonstraram que o ensaio estabelecido é eficiente e antígeno-específico. Foi também observado que a eliminação das células RMA-S é menor em comparação com as células RMA, sendo essa diferença melhor discriminada em condições com números limitados de células efetoras. Para avaliar o efeito da caspase-8, células RMA caspase-8-suficientes e -deficientes, obtidas pela técnica CRISPR-Cas9, foram utilizadas como alvo nesse ensaio. Os resultados demonstram que, em condições com menor número de células efetoras, as células caspase-8-deficientes são significativamente mais resistentes à eliminação por linfócitos T CD8&#43, em comparação com as células caspase-8-suficientes. Portanto, nossos dados corroboram com a ideia de que a deficiência em caspase-8 poderia representar um mecanismo de evasão imune, principalmente na eliminação por linfócitos T CD8&#43. / The killing of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) plays a major role in protective immunity to pathogens and tumor cells, which can be triggered by either the action of perforin and granzymes or FAS-FASL interactions. The Fas-FasL interaction leads to apoptosis through the formation of DISC, which is composed by the cytoplasmic tail of Fas, the adaptor protein FADD and the pro-caspase-8. At the complex, caspase-8 become activated and transduce the apoptotic signal by cleaving the effector caspases-3, -6 and -7 and/or the Bcl-2 family member Bid. Due to its role on apoptotic signaling, caspase-8 is the target of several studies. Recently, it has been demonstrated a correlation between mutations in CASP8 in tumors from patients with high cytolytic activity, suggesting that deficiency in caspase-8 may represent an immune evasion mechanism. Our project aimed to evaluate the effect of caspase-8 deficiency on the elimination of target cells by CD8&#43 T lymphocytes. In order to assess this elimination, we have established an in vitro cytotoxic assay using as effector, blasts from OTI mice, and as target, RMA cells. In this assay, the target cells were labeled, pulsed with OVA peptide at different concentrations and then co-cultured with OTI lymphocytes, which were stimulated with ConA and rIL-2, at different effector: target (E: T) ratios. The specific elimination was evaluated after 16 hours of co-culture. As a control to assess the specificity to MHCI of our assay, RMA-S cells were used because they have reduced levels of MHCI at surface. The results have shown that OTI blasts have effector capacity and that our established assay is antigen-specific. In addition, we observed that RMA-S elimination is reduced in comparison to RMA cells. The difference between RMA and RMA-S is better detected in conditions with limited number of effector cells. In order to assess the effect of caspase-8 in the resistance to elimination by CD8&#43 T cells, caspase-8-sufficient and deficient RMA cells (obtained by CRISPR-Cas9 technique) were used as targets in this assay. Our results demonstrate that caspase-8-deficient cells are more resistant to elimination than wild-type counterparts. This difference is better detected at conditions with reduced number of effector cells. Thus, our data suggests the deficiency in caspase-8 results in lower elimination by CD8&#43 T lymphocytes, suggesting this might represent an immune evasion mechanism.