presente trabalho consolida um estudo para o planejamento de trajetória livre de colisão para um robô pneumático com 5 graus de liberdade aplicando três algoritmos metaheurísticos: algoritmos metaheurísticos por vagalumes, algoritmos metaheurísticos por enxames de partículas e algoritmos genéticos. No que se refere à aplicação de algoritmos metaheurísticos ao estudo de planejamento de trajetória de robôs manipuladores na presença de obstáculos, existem diferentes tipos de técnicas para evitar colisões que consideram os efeitos cinemáticos e dinâmicos na obtenção de trajetórias com o menor tempo, torque, etc. Neste estudo, são propostas contribuições à aplicação dessas técnicas especificamente a robôs manipuladores pneumáticos, sobretudo, no que diz respeito às características específicas dos servoposicionadores pneumáticos, como, por exemplo, a modelagem do atrito desses sistemas, o cálculo da massa equivalente, etc. A metodologia utilizada é definida em duas etapas. A primeira delas consiste na obtenção de pontos intermediários, adquiridos considerando a menor distância entre os mesmos e o ponto final, gerados considerando a presença de obstáculos (cilindros, cubos e esferas) Esses obstáculos são mapeados em regiões de colisão, que constituem restrições para o problema de otimização. A segunda etapa baseia-se no estudo do planejamento de trajetórias: aplicam-se b-splines de 5º e 7º grau na interpolação dos pontos intermediários, com vistas à obtenção de trajetórias que considerem, de um lado, a menor força dos atuadores associada à dinâmica do manipulador em estudo e, de outro, restrições cinemáticas e dinâmicas, determinadas por meio das características operacionais dos servoposicionadores pneumáticos. Os resultados mostram que a metodologia proposta é adequada para tarefas de manipulação de peças na presença de obstáculos, uma vez que os pontos intermediários situam-se fora da região de colisão nos três casos aqui apresentados. Além disso, quanto à segunda etapa, observou-se que as trajetórias de 5º e 7º grau apresentaram resultados similares, de maneira que os erros obtidos poderiam ser melhorados analisando aspectos associados ao controlador do robô em estudo. / The thesis presents a study for collision-free trajectory planning for a pneumatic robot with 5 degrees of freedom applying three metaheuristic algorithms: firefly metaheuristic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms. As regards the application of metaheuristic algorithms to the study of the trajectory planning of manipulating robots in the presence of obstacles, there are different types of techniques to avoid collisions that consider the kinematic and dynamic effects, obtaining trajectories with the optimal time, torque, etc. In this study, contributions are made to the application of these techniques specifically to pneumatic manipulator robots, particularly with regard to the specific characteristics of pneumatic servo-actuators, such as friction modeling of these systems, calculation of equivalent mass, etc. The methodology used is defined in two steps. The first one consists of obtaining intermediate points, acquired considering the smallest distance between the intermediate points and the final point, generated considering the presence of obstacles (cylinders, cubes and spheres) These obstacles are mapped in collision regions, which are constraints to the optimization problem. The second step is based on the study of the trajectory planning: 5th and 7th degree b-splines are applied in the interpolation of the intermediate points, in order to obtain trajectories that consider the smallest actuator force associated to the dynamics of the manipulator and the kinematic and dynamic constraints, determined by the operational characteristics of pneumatic servo-positioners. The results show that the proposed methodology is suitable for tasks of manipulating parts in the presence of obstacles because the intermediate points are outside the collision region in the three cases presented here. In addition, it was observed that the trajectories of 5th and 7th degree presented similar results, so that the errors obtained could be improved by analyzing aspects associated to the controller of the robot.

Le travail mené dans cette thèse est une contribution au développement mécatronique d'interfaces haptiques pour un système de télé-opération dédié aux applications médicales du type chirurgie mini-invasive. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mené une évaluation d'une interface « maître » existante, ayant une architecture parallèle sphérique et développée au sein de l'équipe robotique de l'Institut PPRIME. Cette évaluation a montré la présence de singularités, en particulier des singularités parallèles, à l'intérieur de l'espace du travail de l'interface. La présence de singularités altère le comportement cinématique en amplifiant les erreurs de résolution du modèle géométrique direct d'une part et les couples actionneurs lors du retour d'effort d'autre part. Dans un deuxième temps, différentes approches ont été proposées pour résoudre les problèmes liés à la présence des singularités. La première approche a consisté à utiliser la redondance de capteurs et la redondance d'actionneurs pour palier à ces effets dans la structure existante. Dans la seconde approche, nous avons proposé une nouvelle architecture mécanique optimale qui élimine les singularités présentent dans l'espace de travail. Les résultats obtenus, avec cette nouvelle structure à travers les essais expérimentaux réalisés sur le prototype, sont conformes aux objectifs fixés. Les deux interfaces haptiques ont été utilisées pour contrôler avec succès un robot dédié à la chirurgie mini-invasive. Le comportement du système global « robot esclave interface haptique » ouvre des perspectives prometteuses aussi bien pour de futures études scientifiques que pour un transfert industriel. / A contribution for a development of haptic devices for tele-operation system is presented in this thesis. This device is dedicated for medical applications such as minimally invasive surgery tasks. In one first step, an evaluation of the existing master device is carried out. This device has a spherical parallel architecture and has been developed within the robotics team of PPRIME Institute. The evaluation of this device has shown the presence of parallel singularities located in its workspace. This singularity alters the kinematic behavior of the structure by amplifying the errors in solving the forward kinematics and amplifying the actuator torques for the haptic feedback. In a second step, different approaches have been proposed to solve the problems related to the presence of the singularities. The first approach consists in using redundancy of sensors and actuators for the existing structure in order to overcome the effects of singularities. In the second approach, we have proposed a new optimal mechanical architecture that eliminates the singularity. The results obtained with this new structure through the experimental testing of the prototype, are in accordance with the expected ones. The two haptic devices have been used to successfully control a robot dedicated to minimally invasive surgery. The behavior of the overall system "robot and haptic device" opens up promising prospects for future studies as well as for industrial transfer.

Les Robots Parallèles à Câbles sont des robots possédant un effecteur relié à une base uniquement à l’aide de câbles, dont il est possible de modifier la longueur. Ils sont ainsi légers, capables de grandes dynamiques et peuvent présenter un énorme espace de travail.Mais ils sont sujets à des vibrations de grande amplitude et basse fréquence à cause de leur rigidité très faible. Cette thèse propose une approche originale d'amortissement actif pour atténuer efficacement ces vibrations. Le modèle dynamique du robot à câbles embarquant des roues à inertie est calculé, linéarisé autour d'un point d'équilibre et projeté dans l'espace modal dans lequel les vibrations sont découplées. Une commande par placement de pôles adapté à la fréquence naturelle de vibrations est appliquée pour chaque mode. Les résultats sur une simulation et deux prototypes sont présentés pour valider cette approche. / Cable-driven parallel robots use cables only to connect a fixed base to a mobile end-effector. Robot motion is obtained by winding the cables around pulleys to alter their length. Thus, cable-driven parallel robots are lightweight, can achieve very high dynamics and exhibit a very large workspace.Therefore, they are subject tp high magnitude and low frequency vibrations, because of their very low end-effector stiffness.This thesis proposes a novel approach for effective active damping of those vibrations.The dynamical model of a cable-driven parallel robot embedding reaction wheels is derived, lineraized around an equilibrium point and projected onto modal space, in which vibrations are decoupled.For each vibration mode, a control algorithm designed by poles placement adapted to the associated vibration natural frequency is applied for active vibration damping.Experiments conducted on a realistic simulation and two prototypes are presented to validate this approach.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-07T17:45:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiomaiaalvesjose.pdf: 3912964 bytes, checksum: 205414dab15935347aeda610f25295b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:53:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiomaiaalvesjose.pdf: 3912964 bytes, checksum: 205414dab15935347aeda610f25295b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:53:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiomaiaalvesjose.pdf: 3912964 bytes, checksum: 205414dab15935347aeda610f25295b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Múltiplos robôs autônomos executam tarefas que necessitam de uma cooperação entre os mesmos. Este trabalho trata um problema de coordenação de robôs móveis terrestres, os quais estão divididos em dois grupos: os robôs de serviço e os robôs de recarga. Os múltiplos robôs de serviço devem percorrer caminhos fechados que se interceptam em determinados pontos. Um controlador de alto nível atua diretamente nas velocidades médias destes veículos, evitando possíveis colisões e garantindo a segurança em suas tarefas. Os caminhos são percorridos em ciclos, os quais devem ser comensuráveis e de caráter persistente, ou seja, executados num horizonte de planejamento “infinito”, o que ultrapassa as limitações de cargas de suas baterias. Para isso, é introduzido um grupo de robôs dedicados que atua no processo de troca das baterias, tarefa esta designada aos robôs de recarga. A estratégia utilizada para que todos os robôs de serviço sejam recarregados é baseada em grafo. A coordenação dos múltiplos robôs (serviço e recarga) é resolvida por meio de dois otimizadores, ambos implementados com o solver LINGO, integrados ao ROS (Robot Operating System) utilizando a linguagem C++. Um dos otimizadores coordena o movimento dos robôs de serviço com o objetivo de evitar colisões entre os mesmos. Os resultados gerados nesta primeira etapa de otimização, são utilizados para que os dois grupos robóticos estejam em sintonia durante o processo de recarga. Os caminhos percorridos pelos robôs de serviço são constituídos de pontos nos quais podem ocorrer o contato destes com os robôs de recarga. Desta maneira, a segunda parte da otimização consiste em determinar os caminhos ótimos a serem traçados pelos robôs de recarga. Este problema é resolvido por meio de um programa linear inteiro misto (MILP), o qual tem por objetivo minimizar o tempo global para a tarefa de recarga. / Autonomous multi-robots can be used to perform tasks that require cooperation between them. This work consists at the coordination problem of land mobile robots, divided into two groups: working robots and recharge robots. The working multi-robots must travel by closed paths that intersect each other. A high-level controller acts directly on average speeds of these vehicles, avoiding possible collisions and ensuring security in their tasks. The paths are traversed in cycles, which should be commensurate and persistents, executed on a infinite planning horizon, which overcomes the limitations of charges your batteries. For this is added one dedicated group of robots that operates in the battery exchange process. This group is called recharge robots. The strategy used to recharge all working robots is based on graph. The coordination of multiples robots is resolved through two optimizers, both implemented with LINGO solver, integrated with ROS (Robot Operating System) using the C++ language. One of optmizers coordinates the movement of working robots in order to avoid collisions between them. The results obtained in this first optimization step are used for the two robotic groups, became they must remain in line during the charging process. Thus, the second part of the optimization is to determine the optimum paths to be traced by the recharge robots. This problem is solved by a mixed integer linear program (MILP), with the objective of minimizing the overall time for recharging task.

The main focus of this diploma thesis is to design controlling system for robotic chassis moving on horizontal bolt nut of globular elements. This thesis includes analysis of movements of the chassis and definition of instructions for controlling level. Instructions for controlling level are compiled in constructed simulation programme. This thesis also contains design of electronic components and requirements for electronics of controlling subsystems.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of robot machining of three-dimensional objects. Used method is Part to tool, in which robot holds the part in its gripper and with stacionary clamped mill, machines the part. Overally three parts for machining are designed, everyone of them shows the different style of machining. Every machining operations are described in details. For their creation was used program Mastercam. Furthermore is described transfer of the data for industrial robot using program Robotmaster and recomanded algorithm for creation of similar tasks. The design of simplified workplace for demonstrative show of the milling of all the parts is also solved.

Coronapandemin har bidragit till en ökad försäljning av desinficeringsrobotar/UVC-robotar till sjukvården. UVC-roboten SteriPro, som användes i detta arbete, har inte tidigare tillämpats på ett svenskt sjukhus. Målet med arbetet var att fastställa mervärdet av desinficeringsroboten som komplement till befintliga städrutiner på sjukhus, i detta arbete avgränsat till Västmanlands sjukhus i Västerås. Ett mervärde som berör UVC-robotens strålningseffektivitet och användarvänlighet. Provtagningar och analysering av utvalda provpunkter före- och efter de manuella städrutinerna samt efter UVC-robotens desinficeringsprocess utfördes. Även faktorer som berör UVC-robotens användarvänlighet sammanställdes.    Det konstaterades att UVC-roboten reducerade antalet kolonibildande enheter mellan provtagningarna, mellan den manuellt utförda städningen och UVC-robotens desinficeringsprocesser, samt att användarvänligheten påvisade både för- och nackdelar. Slutsatsen angående UVC-robotens övergripande mervärde är att den har god potential att tillämpas inom vården i och med dess goda desinficeringsförmåga och enkla användning. Däremot skapar UVC-robotens avvikande elektriska standard problem för en naturlig integration av UVC-roboten i de befintliga städrutinerna vilket gör att den i nuläget ej är redo för den svenska vården. / The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to increased sales of disinfection robots/UVC-robotsto healthcare. The UVC-robot SteriPro, which was used in this study, has not previously been applied in a Swedish hospital. The aim of the study was to establish the added value ofdisinfection robots as complements to existing cleaning routines at hospitals, in this study at Västmanlands sjukhus in Västerås. An added value that affects the UVC-robot’s radiation efficiency and user-friendliness. Sampling and analysis of selected test points before and after the manual cleaning routines and after the UVC-robot's disinfection process were performed. Factors influencing the usability ofthe UVC-robot were also compiled. It was found that the UVC-robot reduced the number of colony-forming units between samplings, between the manual cleaning and the disinfection processes of the UVC-robot, and that the user-friendliness demonstrated both advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion regarding the UVC-robot’s overall added value is that is has good potential to be applied inhealthcare due to its good disinfection ability and ease of use. However, the UVC-robot’s deviating electrical standard creates problems for a natural integration of the UVC-robot into existing cleaning routines, which means that it is not currently ready for Swedish healthcare.

The purpose of this thesis was to design, construct and control a robotic arm with six degrees of freedom. The arm should be able to do simple tasks such as pick and place with good accuracy and without using external sensors. This thesis investigates the precision and the strength of the constructed robot arm. The arm was constructed using 3D printed parts and commonly available hardware such as threaded rods, bearings, screws and nuts. Each axis uses a combination of pulleys and belts in order to achieve desired torque. A differential transmission was implemented in four of the axes in order to combine the power of the motors and reduce weight in the upper parts of the arm. The robot is driven by six stepper motors that are controlled by a combination of RAMPS 1.4 shield and Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The user can manipulate each axis by sending commands to the Arduino through an USB cable. The commands are generated with the help of a simple user interface written in Python. Experiments have shown that the arm has an average error increase of 0.0289-0.1356 mm for each movement, depending on the chosen speed. The maximum amount ofweight that the arm can hold in the worst case scenario is 0.84 kg. / Syftet med denna avhandling var att designa, konstruera och kontrollera en robotarm med sex frihetsgrader. Armen ska kunna utföra enkla uppgifter som pick-and-place med god noggrannhet och utan användning av externa sensorer. Denna avhandling underosöker precisionen och styrkan hos den konstruerade robotarmen. Armen konstruerades med 3D-printade delar och läattillgänglig hårdvara som gängstänger, lager, skruvar och muttrar. Varje axel använder en kombination av kuggremskivor och kuggremmar för att uppnå önskat moment. En differentialväxel användes i fyra av axlarna för att kombinera motorernas moment och minska vikten i armens övre delar. Roboten drivs av sex stegmotorer som styrs av en kombinationav RAMPS 1.4-shield och Arduino Mega 2560 mikrokontroller. Användaren kan styra varje axel genom att skicka kommandon till Arduinon via en USB-kabel. Kommandona genereras med hjälp av ett enkelt användargränssnitt skrivet i Python. Experiment har visat att armen har en genomsnittlig felökning på 0,0289-0,1356 mm för varje rörelse, beroende på vald hastighet. Den högsta vikt som armen i värsta fallkan håalla är 0,84 kg.

No description available.

The objective of this research is to discover principles of ambulatory locomotion on homogeneous and heterogeneous granular substrates and create models of animal and robot interaction within such environments. Since interaction with natural substrates is too complicated to model, we take a robophysics approach – we create a terrain generation system where properties of heterogeneous multi-component substrates can be systematically varied to emulate a wide range of natural terrain properties such as compaction, orientation, obstacle shape/size/distribution, and obstacle mobility within the substrate. A schematic of the proposed system is discussed in detail in the body of this dissertation. Control of such substrates will allow for the systematic exploration of parameters of substrate properties, particularly substrate stiffness and heterogeneities. With this terrain creation system, we systematically explore locomotor strategies of simplified laboratory robots when traversing over different terrain properties. A key feature of this proposed work is the ability to generate general interaction models of locomotor appendages with such complex substrates. These models will aid in the design and control of future robots with morphologies and control strategies that allow for effective navigation on a large diversity of terrains, expanding the scope of terramechanics from large tracked and treaded vehicles on homogeneous ground to arbitrarily shaped and actuated locomotors moving on complex heterogeneous terrestrial substrates.