As a road map for a structural transformation of socially and ecologically self-destructive consumer societies, the paradigm of sustainability is increasingly regarded as a spent force. Yet, its exhaustion seems to coincide with the rebirth of several ideas reminiscent of earlier, more radical currents of eco-political thought: liberation from capitalism, consumerism and the logic of growth. May the exhaustion of the sustainability paradigm finally re-open the intellectual and political space for the big push beyond the established socio-economic order? Looking from the perspective of social and eco-political theory, this article argues that the new narratives (and social practices) of postcapitalism, degrowth and post-consumerism cannot plausibly be read as signalling a new eco-political departure. It suggests that beyond the exhaustion of the sustainability paradigm, we are witnessing, more than anything, the further advancement of the politics of unsustainability - and that in this politics the new narratives of hope may themselves be playing a crucial role.

The Dark Green World. Radical environmentalism in Czech republic after 1989 Arnošt Novák ABSTRACT Since 1970' environmental movement has been an important social actor. However it never has been an homogeneous and monolithic movement, but it has represented conglomerate of different approaches and currents, strategies and tactics which they were often in mutual contradictions too. This thesis focus on czech environmental movement after 1989 and especially on the radical ecologist activities. By using qualitative research it tries to map and to re-construct radical ecologist activites within a framework of international radical environmentalism. The thesis strives to open critical discussion about radical ecology in the czech context.

The Dark Green World. Radical environmentalism in Czech republic after 1989 Arnošt Novák ABSTRACT Since 1970' environmental movement has been an important social actor. However it never has been an homogeneous and monolithic movement, but it has represented conglomerate of different approaches and currents, strategies and tactics which they were often in mutual contradictions too. This thesis focus on czech environmental movement after 1989 and especially on the radical ecologist activities. By using qualitative research it tries to map and to re-construct radical ecologist activites within a framework of international radical environmentalism. The thesis strives to open critical discussion about radical ecology in the czech context.

Des origines de l'écologie politique à nos jours, beaucoup d'écologistes pensent qu'ils participent à la réalisation d'une transformation politique et sociale de leur univers social, ainsi que de l'univers scientifique, cela dépasse les limites d'un pays et d'un continent, mais cela recouvre aussi certaines particularités au niveau national. Nous nous proposons d'étudier les spécificités de l'écologie politique française en la mettant en relation avec l'écologie politique américaine, puis en insistant sur le rôle des acteurs radicaux pour redéfinir une écologie radicale moins consensuelle que l'écologie institutionnalisée. Au XXIe siècle, l'intensité du besoin social d'un courant politique et d'une science écologique s’accroît avec la multiplication des catastrophes humaines et naturelles et avec l'augmentation de leur visibilité dans les médias. L'écologie radicale se propose de répondre à ces nouveaux défis. Nous pouvons en dégager une spécificité de l'écologie politique française placée à la fois à proximité des acteurs politiques conventionnels acceptant les règles du jeu existant et à la fois à la lisière, ainsi qu'à l'écoute, des marges politiques. / From the origins of the political ecology to now days, many ecologists think they are involved in the process of political and social transformation of their social and scientific universes. But it exceeds national borders and also continental limits. We will study the specificity of the French political ecology and outlook it with the American political ecology and, then, we will incite on the role of radical actors to redefine a radical ecology less consensual that the institutionalized ecology. In the 21st century the social need for a political stream and an ecological science increases trough the multiplication of human and natural disasters and the rise of their visibility in medias. Radical ecology suggests answers to those new challenges. We could then draw the specificity of the French political ecology which is, at the same time, close to conventional political actors by accepting the rules of the political field, at its frontiers, and, finally in touch with political margins.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar o sentido epistemológico do conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental que compreende a revisão teórica dos paradigmas, cartesiano e econômico, orientadores do desenvolvimento da sociedade moderna, que causam as degradações nos âmbitos ambiental e social; e do histórico ambiental, que expressa as diferentes significações atribuídas ao conceito sustentabilidade, ao longo do tempo, sendo hoje a idéia de desenvolvimento sustentável uma idéia amplamente usada. A partir da percepção dessas distintas concepções, analisam-se as bases teóricas definidas pelas correntes da teoria de Kuznets, a de Solow, as leis de mercado, o ecodesenvolvimento e o ecossocialismo, agrupadas nas duas grandes vertentes: da ecologia radical, de ruptura com esse modelo de desenvolvimento, e da ecologia moderada que propõe mudanças sem afetar a estrutura da sociedade. Estas concepções divergem quanto à configuração da relação estabelecida entre as temáticas que compõe a discussão ambiental: a social e a econômica, que se utilizam idéias como a educação, a interdisciplinaridade, a técnica e o desenvolvimento sustentável, de forma díspar. Tais análises são transpostas à pesquisa científica, importante espaço de discussão da questão ambiental pela característica de questionamento própria da ciência, tendo como estudo de caso os Projetos Temáticos da FAPESP. Apesar de tal possibilidade os projetos seguem a concepção de sustentabilidade ambiental adotada pelo sistema econômico, da ecologia moderada, que baseia suas propostas nas técnicas, condizente com o os paradigmas vigentes. / This work aims to study the epistemological concept of environmental sustainability through Cartesian and economic theoretical paradigms. This analysis guides the modern society development, which causes deterioration on social and environmental fields. It also includes the environmental history study, which expresses, over time, different sustainability concept meanings, so, nowadays, sustainable development is a widespread idea. These different conceptions are analyze on theories like; Kuznets´s, Solow´s, market laws, ecodevelopment and ecossocialism, grouped in two main ideas: the radical ecology, concept focused on changes in the current development model; and moderated ecology, suggesting soft changes, without affecting the society structure. These conceptions differ about the configuration of the environmental debate structures relationships: the social and economic fields, which use ideas such as, education, interdisciplinary, technology and sustainable development in several ways. These analyses are translated to scientific research, an important environmental discussion forum issue by questioning the character of science, taking FAPESP Thematic Projects as data for a case study. Despite this possibility, these projects follow the concept of environmental sustainability adopted by the economic system, the moderate ecology, which based its solutions on technique, coherent to the prevailing paradigms.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar o sentido epistemológico do conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental que compreende a revisão teórica dos paradigmas, cartesiano e econômico, orientadores do desenvolvimento da sociedade moderna, que causam as degradações nos âmbitos ambiental e social; e do histórico ambiental, que expressa as diferentes significações atribuídas ao conceito sustentabilidade, ao longo do tempo, sendo hoje a idéia de desenvolvimento sustentável uma idéia amplamente usada. A partir da percepção dessas distintas concepções, analisam-se as bases teóricas definidas pelas correntes da teoria de Kuznets, a de Solow, as leis de mercado, o ecodesenvolvimento e o ecossocialismo, agrupadas nas duas grandes vertentes: da ecologia radical, de ruptura com esse modelo de desenvolvimento, e da ecologia moderada que propõe mudanças sem afetar a estrutura da sociedade. Estas concepções divergem quanto à configuração da relação estabelecida entre as temáticas que compõe a discussão ambiental: a social e a econômica, que se utilizam idéias como a educação, a interdisciplinaridade, a técnica e o desenvolvimento sustentável, de forma díspar. Tais análises são transpostas à pesquisa científica, importante espaço de discussão da questão ambiental pela característica de questionamento própria da ciência, tendo como estudo de caso os Projetos Temáticos da FAPESP. Apesar de tal possibilidade os projetos seguem a concepção de sustentabilidade ambiental adotada pelo sistema econômico, da ecologia moderada, que baseia suas propostas nas técnicas, condizente com o os paradigmas vigentes. / This work aims to study the epistemological concept of environmental sustainability through Cartesian and economic theoretical paradigms. This analysis guides the modern society development, which causes deterioration on social and environmental fields. It also includes the environmental history study, which expresses, over time, different sustainability concept meanings, so, nowadays, sustainable development is a widespread idea. These different conceptions are analyze on theories like; Kuznets´s, Solow´s, market laws, ecodevelopment and ecossocialism, grouped in two main ideas: the radical ecology, concept focused on changes in the current development model; and moderated ecology, suggesting soft changes, without affecting the society structure. These conceptions differ about the configuration of the environmental debate structures relationships: the social and economic fields, which use ideas such as, education, interdisciplinary, technology and sustainable development in several ways. These analyses are translated to scientific research, an important environmental discussion forum issue by questioning the character of science, taking FAPESP Thematic Projects as data for a case study. Despite this possibility, these projects follow the concept of environmental sustainability adopted by the economic system, the moderate ecology, which based its solutions on technique, coherent to the prevailing paradigms.