Rapid solidification experiment on Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn-Si-C alloy was performed to investigate metastable phases formed during the solidification. A wide range of cooling rate was used to analyse the sample from melt spinning technique (~107 K/s) to water quenching method (~102 K/s). A single phase featureless structure was obtaind initially in the melt spinning experiment for 77Fe-8Cr-6Mn-5Si-4C alloy. Reduction of C and addition of Mo led to form a complete featureless structure for 2.85 mm rod for 72.8Fe-8Cr-5Mo-6Mn-5Si-3.2C. Subsequent investigation of influence of Mo, Cr and Mn on the single phase featureless structure concludes that 7.5 mm thick complete featureless phase could be formed at 63.8Fe-15Cr-7Mo-6Mn-5Si-3.2C alloy composition. In a separate attempt, powder samples of 40 μm dia. size complete featureless powders were produced for three slightly different compostions for the same alloy system. Characterisation of the featureless phases reveals that it could be a single phase metastable structure of ε phase or austenitic solid solution with high amount of alloying element dissolved in it. Subsequent heat treatment of this featureless phase of the rod and the powder at different temperatures formed bainitic ferrite with fine carbides dispersed in the austenitic matrix. Hardness values measured on featureless phase found to have influenced by the alloying element specially Mo, Cr and Mn. In an attempet to improve clean melting condition to extend the featureless phase and to form amorphous, an elliptic short arc lamp vaccum furnace was designed with 10 kW lamp power. Around 30 g of iron based alloy system was melted and cast as a 7 mm rod sample in a copper mould. Design details of new mirror and the lamp furnace are presented. In a separate study, influence of the melt temperature on Al-Y and Al-Si alloys were investigated by levitaion casting in a silver mould at around 2000 K/s cooling rate. Plate like structure of Al8Y3 primary phase was observed at low melt temperature with small percentage of peritectic transformation of Al8Y3 and liquid melt into Al9Y2. A pre-dentritic star like crystal of Al3Y was observed in a fine eutectic matrix at very high melt temperature. Amount and number of primary Si crystals formed in a unit area during the solidification increases as the melt temperature increases. / QC 20100805

In this study an experimental spray-rolling set-up is designed in order to produce rapidly solidified Al-Fe-V-Si flat product. Al-Fe-V-Si alloys produced by rapid solidification powder metallurgy (RSP/M) methods are mostly used in high temperature applications in aerospace and automotive industries. The RSP/M technique used is spray deposition, which is desirable because of the high cooling rates achieved, as a result fine silicide dispersoids and intermetallics are observed in the microstructure which are known to contribute to the mechanical properties i.e. high strength at elevated temperatures, thermal stability, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance. Since spray deposition is a droplet consolidation process a considerable amount of porosity is expected in the final product. In this work, spray rolling process, which consists of spray deposition and subsequent hot twin-rolling stage, is designed and developed by interpreting the results obtained from SEM, XRD, tensile, three point bending and hardness tests of the specimens formed in several design stages. Two original intermetallic phases characterized in this study are V3Si and V2Mg3Al18 .

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-09-20T17:37:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBS.pdf: 2973698 bytes, checksum: 37eb711fcbda392563dc3155916b5d95 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-20T18:10:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBS.pdf: 2973698 bytes, checksum: 37eb711fcbda392563dc3155916b5d95 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-20T18:11:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBS.pdf: 2973698 bytes, checksum: 37eb711fcbda392563dc3155916b5d95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T18:29:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBS.pdf: 2973698 bytes, checksum: 37eb711fcbda392563dc3155916b5d95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Magnesium is considered a promising candidate in applications of storage hydrogen in the solid state, due, among other factors, to its low relative cost and high gravimetric capacity (7,6 wt%.). For magnesium, the use of transition metals as additives may show great improvements in the kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption. Different additives can have different functionalities, for example, reducing the energy barrier for H2 adsorption and acting as a heterogeneous nucleating agent in the kinetics of phase transformation. In this research, the main effects of the use of zirconium (Zr) as an additive of the magnesium for the purposes of hydrogen storage in bulks produced by rapid solidification in melt-spinning furnace and cold rolling were studied in detail. Basically, structural characteristics were related to the behavior of absorption / desorption. The alloy produced by cold rolling showed behavior of activation and absorption similar to the pure Mg which was produced by the same route. For the route processed by melt spinning, the use of zirconium as additive has presented a deleterious effect on the activation. However, after activation, the kinetics of absorption exhibit behavior similar to pure Mg. The activation had significantly improved after mechanical or thermal processing, however, the structural characteristics that permeate this effect still have a lack of studies. For both process route, the desorption kinetics presented excellent results, reducing the complete reaction in a few minutes. With the results obtained it is possible to conclude that the use of zirconium as an additive in magnesium alloys has no beneficial effect on absorption. In the other hand, the desorption is extremely attractive. After exposure to air, it was verified that both compositions presented formation of contaminants on the surface and this made the activation a difficult way. However, this effect was more latent in pure magnesium. / O magnésio é considerado um candidato promissor em aplicações de armazenagem de hidrogênio no estado sólido, devido, entre outros fatores, ao seu baixo custo relativo e elevada capacidade gravimétrica, 7,6% em peso. Para o magnésio, o uso de metais de transição como aditivos pode apresentar melhoras significativas na cinética de absorção/dessorção de hidrogênio. Diferentes aditivos podem ter diferentes funcionalidades, por exemplo, reduzir a barreira energética para a adsorção de H2 e atuar como agente inoculante de nucleação heterogênea na cinética de transformação de fase. Neste trabalho, foram estudados em detalhes os principais efeitos provenientes da utilização de zircônio como aditivo ao magnésio para fins de armazenagem de hidrogênio em massas metálicas volumosas (do inglês, bulks) produzidas por solidificação rápida em forno melt-spinning (da sigla em inglês, MS) e laminação a frio (do inglês, CR, cold rolling). Basicamente, relacionaram-se características estruturais ao comportamento de absorção/dessorção. A liga produzida por laminação a frio apresentou comportamento de ativação e absorção semelhante ao Mg puro produzido pela mesma rota. Para o material processado por melt-spinning, o uso do zircônio como aditivo apresentou efeito deletério na ativação. Contudo, após a ativação, a cinética de absorção exibe comportamento semelhante ao Mg puro. Posteriores processamentos mecânico ou térmico melhoraram significativamente a ativação, contudo, as características estruturais que permeiam tal efeito ainda carecem de estudos. Para ambas as rotas de processamento, a cinética de dessorção apresentou ótimos resultados, reduzindo em poucos minutos a reação completa. Com os resultados obtidos se conclui que o uso do zircônio como aditivo em ligas de magnésio não apresenta efeitos benéficos na absorção. Todavia, a dessorção da liga com Zr é extremamente atrativa. Após exposição ao ar, verificou-se que ambas as composições apresentaram formação de contaminantes sobre a superfície e, isso dificultou a ativação, porém, este efeito foi mais evidente no magnésio puro.

Orientadores: Amauri Garcia, Noe Cheung / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T16:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_AntonioCarlosPires_M.pdf: 13091267 bytes, checksum: c4c7c0e72c88328cba1119cc9cd6d650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As ligas de solda à base de estanho apresentam excelente fluidez e temperaturas de trabalho ideais para a união de componentes eletrônicos. A solda com ligas do sistema estanho chumbo é a mais comum para soldas em eletrônica. Entretanto, há muitas preocupações com o uso do chumbo, devido aos diversos efeitos adversos na saúde humana e contaminação do meio ambiente. Por essas razões, na maioria dos países o chumbo já é condenado e proibido de ser incorporado em diversos produtos. Neste sentido, a indústria eletrônica está de olho em soldas livres de chumbo que possam substituir a clássica solda estanho-chumbo. É objetivo deste trabalho analisar a solidificação de ligas eutéticas dos sistemas Sn-Ag e Sn-Cu, que são duas ligas com potencial de substituição. Foram desenvolvidos experimentos para determinar a influência do acabamento superficial da chapa molde nos parâmetros térmicos de solidificação durante a solidificação direcional ascendente em regime transitório de extração de calor de ligas eutéticas Sn-Pb, Sn-Cu e Sn-Ag. Foram utilizados dois tipos de acabamentos superficiais na chapa molde: lixado e ranhurado, para investigar as condições de afinidade metal/substrato. Foi desenvolvida uma abordagem teórico-experimental para determinar quantitativamente as variáveis térmicas, tais como: coeficiente de transferência de calor global (hg) e velocidade de deslocamento da frente de solidificação. As micro estruturas de solidificação foram caracterizadas e os espaçamentos dendríticos secundários (?2) foram medidos na direção longitudinal dos lingotes, e correlacionados com as variáveis térmicas que atuaram durante a solidificação. / Abstract: Tin based alloys for welding applications have excellent fluidity and adequate temperature working range to join electronic components. The most used tin alloys for welding is the eutectic Sn-Pb alloy. However, there are some concerns about lead, due to hazardous effects to health and to environment. Due to theses reasons, many countries condemn and prohibit the use of lead in several products. In this sense, the electronic industries are looking for lead-free solder alloys with a view to replace the traditional Sn-Pb eutectic alloy. The aim of this work is to analyze the solidification of Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu eutectic alloys which are potential alloys candidates to replace the eutectic Sn-Pb alloy. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the mold wall roughness on the thermal solidification parameters during the upward unsteady-state directional solidification of eutectic Sn-Pb, Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag alloys. Two different kinds of surface mold finishing, sanded and grooved, were used in order to analyze metal/substrate affinity. A combined theoretical and experimental approach has been used to quantitatively determine such thermal variables, i.e., transient global heat transfer coefficient (hg) and solidification growth rates. The microstructures have been characterized and the secondary (?2) dendrite arm spacings were measured along the castings length and correlated to transient solidification thermal variables. / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

No description available.

<p>The lack of a thorough understanding of the solidification behaviors of the proeutectic Al₃Sc and the Al-Al₃Sc eutectic in a hypereutectic Al-Sc alloy stimulates the present dissertation. The major findings for the single-phase growth of the proeutectic Al₃Sc is summarized as follows: At a low cooling rate (~1 ºC·s^-1), the proeutectic Al₃Sc phase’s formation was governed by the lateral growth, exposing six flat {100} facets. At an intermediate cooling rate (~400 ºC·s^-1), the proeutectic Al₃Sc grew in a dendritic manner, with well-defined backbones extending in eight <111> directions and paraboloidal dendrite tips, although the dendrite tips and side-branches turned into faceted steps at a late growth stage,when the lateral growth prevailed. At a high cooling rate (~1000 ºC·s^-1), the proeutectic Al₃Sc primarily crystallized into an entirely seaweed-structured particle, which was composed of interior compact seaweeds and exterior fractal seaweeds. In order to verify the proposed dendritic and seaweed growth mechanisms for the proeutectic Al₃Sc, various morphological stability criteria were used, and fair agreement between the observed and the estimated characteristic length scales was reached.</p><p>On the Al-Al₃Sc eutectic side, it was found that a rod-typed Al₃Sc eutectic phase prevalently existed in an as-cast hypereutectic Al-Sc alloy that solidified via both slow cooling in air (~1 ºC·s⁻¹) and rapid cooling in a wedge-shaped copper mold (up to ~3000 ºC·s⁻¹). Al-Al₃Sc eutectic dendrites were identified within a narrow region near the edge of the wedge. The eutectic dendrites had an equiaxed dendritic contour and a rod eutectic structure inside. Quantitative assessments revealed that an interface undercooling of 48.2 ºC was required to form the eutectic dendrites, or in other words, to enter the coupled zone of the Al-Al₃Sc phase diagram. Furthermore, a phenomenon of scientific interest was discussed: When crystallizing under a near-equilibrium condition, the eutectic Al₃Sc phase formed a non-faceted morphology, in contradiction to its faceted nature. Based on the competitive growth criterion, it was deduced that the non-faceting of the eutectic Al₃Sc phase essentially reduced the interface undercooling for the resultant regular eutectic, in comparison to an otherwise irregular eutectic that would contain a faceted eutectic Al₃Sc phase.</p>

No description available.

<p>Free solidification molecular dynamics simulations were used to study solute trapping behaviour in the Ni-Cu alloy system. The segregation coefficient, K, as a function of crys- tallization rate was compared with several theories of trapping and, in agreement with a model proposed by Sobolev, it was found that complete trapping (K=1) occurs at a finite velocity. In order to gain further insight into the thermodynamic and kinetic factors affect- ing solute trapping, forced velocity phase field crystal (PFC) simulations were performed on a model binary alloy. We find that the complete trapping limit only occurs if a com- bination of wave-like and diffusive dynamics equation of motion of the PFC alloy model. Finally, an amplitude expansion analysis of the PFC formulation for constant velocity so- lidification was performed and an analytic expression for the complete trapping limit and solute drag was obtained.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Rapid solidification is a well established method to produce novel materials with improved mechanical or electrical properties. The sharp-interface kinetics of rapid solidification for a binary alloy is summarized. A Phase Field model mapping to this sharp interface model is summarized and solved by a new adaptive mesh refinement algorithm. Simulation results are consistent with experiments: The solidification velocity increases in power-law like fashion at low undercooling and approximately linearly at high undercooling; The solid/liquid interface undergoes a transition from four-fold dendritic to circular crystal structures; Solute trapping emerges and the solute partitioning approaches unity as the solidification velocity increases. Our Phase Field simulations are the first self -consistent predictions of velocity selection and morphological selection at both low and high undercoolings and also the first independent check of the solute trapping model in two dimensions.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Hong Sin Yi, Grace. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-51). / Acknowledgments / Abstract / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Metallic Glass and its application --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Glass Forming Ability (GFA) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Equilibrium Phase --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Nucleation and Growth --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Spinodal Decomposition --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6 --- Morphology Comparison between Nucleation and Growth and Spinodal --- p.13 / Figures --- p.14 / References --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Experimental Method / Experimental Method --- p.25 / Figure --- p.29 / References --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Metastable liquid miscibility gap in Pd-Si and its glass forming ability / Introduction --- p.32 / Experimental --- p.33 / Results --- p.34 / Discussion --- p.36 / Figures --- p.40 / References --- p.49 / Bibliography --- p.50