Introdução: Desde a infância a percepção da imagem corporal é um importante componente da auto-estima. Ela é indispensável para a adequada interação do ser humano com o ambiente e para uma vida física e mental saudável. Objetivo: Adaptar uma Escala de Silhuetas, avaliar sua fidedignidade, validar sua utilização ao contexto brasileiro e avaliar a (in)satisfação com a imagem corporal. Método: A Escala de Silhuetas foi adaptada, a partir de trabalho anterior de mesma autoria, para crianças (7-12 anos) e adultos (18-59 anos). A amostra foi composta por 280 adultos voluntários: 138 mulheres e 142 homens, e por 160 crianças: 94 meninas e 66 meninos. Avaliou-se a fidedignidade das escalas adaptadas pela técnica teste-reteste. Foi solicitado a cada voluntário que escolhesse figuras de silhuetas que representassem seu tamanho corporal atual, desejado e ideal. Para a validação das escalas adaptadas, estas foram julgadas por especialistas da área. As figuras das escalas também foram ordenadas pelos voluntários, em série ascendente. Examinou-se a aplicação das escalas a grupos distintos por sexo e por classe de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Resultados: A Escala de Silhuetas para adultos ficou composta por 15 cartões com figuras de silhuetas para cada sexo, e a escala para crianças ficou composta de 11 cartões com figuras de silhuetas para cada sexo. Foram obtidos coeficientes de correlação significativamente positivos no teste-reteste, tanto para adultos (r=0,93; p<0,01) quanto para crianças (r=0,68; p<0,01) para a escolha da figura atual. O julgamento por especialistas das figuras desenhadas e a ordenação destas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa foram satisfatórios. Houve diferença significativa entre o IMC das figuras escolhidas em relação ao IMC real, por sexo e classe de IMC, para adultos e crianças. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que as Escalas de Silhuetas adaptadas neste trabalho, para aplicação em crianças e adultos, apresentam boas qualidades psicométricas, podendo ser utilizadas na pesquisa clínica e epidemiológica. / Introduction: Since childhood the perception of body image is an important component of self-esteem. It is essential for a proper interaction of human beings with the environment and a healthy physical and mental life. Objective: The aim of this work was to adapt a Figure Rating Scale, to assess its reliability, to validate its use in Brazil, and to evaluate the body image (dis)satisfaction. Method: The Figure Rating Scale was adapted for adults (18-59 years) and for children (7-12 years) from a previously one developed by the same author. The sample was composed of 280 adult volunteers: 138 women and 142 men; and 160 children: 94 girls and 66 boys. Test-retest reliability was conducted. Each volunteer was asked to choose the cards of silhouette figures representing his/her current, desired and ideal body sizes. To validate the adapted scales, experts judged the figures concerning Body Mass Index (BMI). The volunteers were also asked to arrange the cards in ascending order. The use of the scale in different gender and BMI class groups was examinated. Results: The Figure Rating Scale for adults was composed by 15 cards for each gender and the scale for children was composed by 11 cards of silhouette figures for each gender. It was found significantly positive correlation coefficients on test-retest, for both adults (r=93, p<0,01) and children (r=68, p<0,01) for current figure chosen. The judgment of the scales by experts and the ordering of figures were satisfactory for adult and children adapted scales. There were significant differences for gender and BMI class, considering the chosen figures in relation to the actual BMI. Conclusion: These results suggest good psychometric qualities of the adapted Figure Rating Scales, to be applied to Brazilian adults and children. They provide a tool for clinical and epidemiological research on body image.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with a prevalence of 1-2 %, frequently leads a chronic course. Persons with OCD are often reluctant to seek help and, if they do, their OCD is often missed. This is unfortunate, since active treatment may substantially improve social function and quality of life. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) have welldocumented efficacy in OCD, but delayed response may be problematic. Methods to predict response have been lacking. Because SRIs are effective, pathophysiological research on OCD has focussed on serotonin. However, no clear aberrations of serotonin have been found, thus other mechanisms ought to be involved. Our aims were to facilitate clinical detection and assessment of OCD, to search for biochemical correlates of response and side-effects in SRI treatment of OCD and to identify any possible involvement of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of OCD. In study I, we tested in 402 psychiatric out-patients the psychometric properties of a concise rating scale, “Brief Obsessive Compulsive Scale” (BOCS). BOCS was shown to be easy to use and have excellent discriminant validity in relation to other common psychiatric diagnoses. Studies II-V were based on 36 OCD patients from a randomised controlled trial of paroxetine, clomipramine or placebo. In study II, contrary to expectation, we found that the change (decrease) of serotonin in whole blood was most pronounced in non-responders to SRI. This is likely to reflect inflammatory influence on platelet turnover rather than serotonergic processes within the central nervous system. In studies IV-V, we found relations between changes of oxytocin in plasma and the anti-obsessive response, and between oxytocin and the SRI related delay of orgasm, respectively. In both cases, the relation to central oxytocinergic mechanisms is unclear. In males, delayed orgasm predicted anti-obsessive response.

[pt] A partir do crescente interesse no estudo da fase pré-clínica das demências possibilitando a identificação clínica precoce do processo de adoecimento, o estudo mais aprofundado do Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL) torna-se de grande importância. Ele corresponde a uma provável transição para demência e seu diagnóstico pode promover intervenção precoce tanto medicamentosa quanto comportamental. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo investigar as principais questões metodológicas associadas ao uso das medidas neuropsicológicas para definir critérios diagnósticos de CCL, comparando instrumentos cognitivos (Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo e Escala Mattis de Avaliação de Demência) em uma amostra de idosos assistidos em um ambulatório de geriatria de hospital público do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] The growing interest of preclinical phase of dementia study allow early clinical identification of the disease process, the depth study of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) becomes of great importance. It corresponds to a likely transition to dementia and its diagnosis can promote early both drug and behavior intervention. The present dissertation aims to investigate the main methodological issues associated with the use of neuropsychological measures to establish diagnostics criteria for MCI comparing cognitive instruments (Brief Cognitive Screening Battery and Mattis Dementia Rating Scale) in an elderly sample assisted in a geriatric outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between noncognitive symptoms and premorbid temperament in a group with Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between premorbid temperament and noncognitive symptoms can be used to understand symptom susceptibility and risk, caregiver burdens, as well as providing insights into the neuroanatomical substrates of temperament and noncognitive behaviour. Sixty-three primary caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria for this study. Information regarding the noncognitive symptoms and premorbid temperament was procured from the primary caregivers. In fifty-one cases, a secondary caregiver also provided information about the premorbid temperament of the Alzheimer’s patient. The latter was obtained to enhance the reliability of retrospective data. The Behaviour Rating Scale for Dementia, the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory, and the Blessed Dementia scale were used to elicit data on noncognitive symptomatology, premorbid temperament, and current cognitive status, respectively. ii Noncognitive symptoms were grouped into two clusters namely neuropsychiatric and neurobehavioural disturbances. The neuropsychiatric cluster included mood and psychotic symptoms and the neurobehavioural cluster included vegetative and overall behavioural dysregulatory symptoms. Results showed that there is a wide spectrum of noncognitive symptom manifestation in patients’ profiles and that the neurobehavioural dysregulatory symptoms are more common than the neuropsychiatric symptoms in this Alzheimer’s cohort. With regard to symptom manifestation and cognitive status, a Pearson product moment correlational analysis showed that a lower level of cognitive functioning is significantly associated with aggressive episodes and a higher level of cognitive functioning with manifestations of depressive symptoms. In terms of interrater concordance on premorbid temperament ratings, intraclass correlations were significant for five of the six temperament domains, thus indicating a reliable estimate of premorbid disposition. Canonical correlational analysis yielded two significant variates. The first variate indicated that Alzheimer’s disease patients with a proclivity for aggressive behaviours and general behavioural deregulation but lower depressive profiles, were premorbidly more emotionally reactive, had low sensory thresholds (high sensitivity), and greater cognitive deficit. The second variate showed that patients with Alzheimer’s disease who tended to manifest with depressive and dysregulatory behaviour appear to have been premorbidly perseverative in temperament with a low sensory threshold (high sensitivity) and the tendency to maintain and attain a low level of activity (stimulation). Taken together, the significant variates revealed a dimensional relationship between depressive symptoms, aggressive symptoms, and behavioural dysregulation; and sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity, perseverance, and activity, with cognitive status serving as a moderating variable. In conclusion, the study indicated a dimensional relationship between specific premorbid temperament traits and noncognitive symptoms, thereby highlighting the possible predictive influence of premorbid temperament on noncognitive manifestations in Alzheimer’s disease patients. / Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Psychology / unrestricted

Objetivo. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS) en adultos de Lima Metropolitana. Muestra. Se seleccionaron dos grupos, 289 adultos (Medad=36.72, DEedad = 11.09) sin diagnóstico de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y 22 adultos (Medad=27.76, DEedad = 10.08) diagnosticados con TDAH. Resultados. Se realizó AFC, en donde se agruparon 17 ítems en 4 factores con cargas factoriales que oscilaban entre .30 y .82. Se obtuvo los coeficientes Omega de .77 en problemas emocionales subjetivos, .84 en impulsividad-hiperactividad, .85 en dificultades atencionales un valor, y .64 en impulsividad-trastornos de conducta, el grupo con TDAH tenía un puntaje significativamente mayor <.001. Conclusión. La WURS obtuvo adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en adultos de Lima Metropolitana. / Objective. Determine the psychometric properties of the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS) in adults of Metropolitan Lima. Sample. Two groups were selected. 289 adults (M = 36.72) without diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 22 adults (M = 27.76) diagnosed with ADHD. Results. An AFC was performed, where 17 items were grouped into 4 factors with factor loads ranging from .30 to .82. An Omega coefficient of .77 was obtained in subjective emotional problems, .84 in impulsivity-hyperactivity, .85 in attentional difficulties a value, and .64 in impulsivity-behavior disorders. It was obtained that the group with ADHD had a significantly higher score. Conclusion. The WURS obtained adequate psychometric properties in adults of Metropolitan Lima. / Tesis

This review deals with the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on attention in children diagnosed with ADHD. This is a theoretical work, which has a descriptive-analytical character and is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes in detail the information related to the topic. The practical part includes a review of selected articles according to the criteria set by us. Subsequently, the results and a final discussion are processed, where the results of research are compared and the most effective food supplements are evaluated in comparison with placebo. We deal with the shortcomings and limitations of the processed articles, where we determine possible recommendations for future research work and compare the obtained results with the current state of research. Keywords: ADHD, attention, attention disorders, Conner's Rating Scale, fatigue, omega-3, physical activity, perception

The PASS theory createsa new perspective not only on intelligence but also the way of thinking and learning in general. The c oncept of intelligence is expanded by Lurij a's Keywords: PASS Theory , PASS Rating Scale , Cognitive p rocesses, I nformation P rocessing T heory, Intervention

No description available.

This study examines the relationship between syntactic and pragmatic language and reticence, solitary-active passive withdrawal, solitary-passive withdrawal, prosocial skills, and likeability. The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2), a language checklist, and Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS), a behavior checklist, were completed by three 2nd-grade teachers and three 4th-grade teachers about each of their students. Factor analysis was used to determine two composite language measures from the CCC-2 scales. The results of two hierarchal regression analyses indicated that social behaviors were significant predictors of pragmatic language, but not structural language. In particular, solitary-passive withdrawal and reticence were significant predictors of pragmatic language deficits.

Studies have identified perceived racism as one type of social stress that is believed to contribute to hypertension, though no studies to date have examined the relationship between perceived racism and blood pressure among foreign-born Mexicans living in the United States (U.S.). In addition, studies have shown that acculturation may increase levels of perceived discrimination among foreign-born Mexicans living in the U.S. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived racism and ambulatory blood pressure among a convenience sample of 332 foreign-born Mexicans living in Utah County, Utah controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and acculturation. This was done through the use of several multiple regression analyses using archival data collected at Brigham Young University. The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire—Community Version (Brief PEDQ—CV) was used to measure perceived racism. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA-II) was used to measure both language and general acculturation. Four blood pressure variables, including waking systolic blood pressure (WSBP), waking diastolic blood pressure (WDBP), sleeping systolic blood pressure (SSBP), and sleeping diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) were used as outcome variables in the regression analyses. A relationship between perceived racism and any of the ambulatory blood pressure variables used in this study was not found. In addition, English-language acculturation was not found to moderate the relationship between perceived racism and blood pressure in the sample of first generation Mexicans participating in this study. A moderating effect of general acculturation on the relationship between perceived racism and blood pressure was found when controlling for age, BMI, and gender, though this moderating effect disappeared when WDBP was included in the regression model. Implications of findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.