The aim of this work is a significant racionalization of manufactory of skeleton of generator TES 472. In this work weaknesses of the current situation and possible solution directions were evaluated. Based on the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of possible solutions were designed completely new concepts of manufacturing of this product. Rationalisation doesn´t deal only with the technology but is also focused on warehousing and material handling. The outcome of this work is not only a recommendation designed to streamline production, but also an economic evaluation of proposed actions.

This thesis focuses on the rationalization of the production process of plungers and elements of injection pumps in relation to improving the quality of the final products. Today’s technology, which mainly uses single-purpose machines where the production quality markedly depends on the abilities and activities of the operator, will replaced by modern machining centres and CNC machines for grinding all functional parts of the plungers, coupled with modern measuring devices. These production machines with the support of measuring devices will improve the productivity of production and the general quality of the produced components.

This thesis was created in cooperation with company Westfalia. The aim of this work is to analyze the possibility of rationalization of production of end parts for gas tight hoses used in the automotive industry. The thesis includes a study of rationalization of possible production of the second generation of end parts as well as completion of assembly line for the current generation of end parts.

This diploma thesis deals with grinding of parts of valves. In the first part is theoretically described valve and its manufacturing. Another part focuses on the analysis of existing grinding technology. In last part of this diploma thesis is written about choosing of suitable places for rationalization, design of rationalization and technical-economic evaluation of performed rationalization.

The thesis discusses the possibility of a rationalizing of a production of handguns in the conditions of the Česká zbrojovka, a.s. company. In the beginning of the theoretical part, it deals with a familiarization with CZUB, its subsidiaries and a manufacturing portfolio. The following is a division of weapons, a describe of components of firearms and their method of a production. The practical part focuses on the possible rationalization of a production of components of a trigger, a hammer and a magazine catch. After analyzing the current situation in the company, the individual variants of the new technologies are described theoretically first of all. The technological processes for each component at each considered technology are created for these new variants. The following is the calculation of the required values for the final comparison. The final part is the technical-economic evaluation, which compares various technological options among themselves. In the final discussion, the possibility of the individual technologies and their implementation risks in the production process are mentioned.

The thesis deals with the reorganization of production injection pump casing, when the existing production solution, using cutting lines, did not meet the requirements for flexible manufacturing. There are handled points leading to the replacement of the line of machining centres after a brief introduction of the company. Among the main points of thesis are the design of operations, choice of tools and cutting conditions, proposal clamping device and technology, techno-economic evaluation of the newly introduced production.

The aim of this study is to analyze the Swedish writer, translator and debater Tore Zetterholms’ (1915 – 2001) views on the origins and growth of the totalitarian movements in Europe. By examining his work, I seek to provide a more complex understanding of the Swedish debate on the causes of fascism, nazism, and communism that took place in the early post-war era (1945 – 1950). While earlier research has focused almost entirely on the more intellectualistic explanations that were prominent in the liberal daily press, only few studies have been conducted on the views held by a more idealistic school of thought that took part in the deliberations, let alone on other arenas of debate. Consequently, the period has been depicted as governed by an almost hegemonic cultural radicalism. Whilst this faction saw totalitarian regimes as an absolute antithesis to the enlightenment heritage, Zetterholm, however, understood them rather as a fulfillment of modernity than as its antipode. His conception of history was founded on the idea of it as an ongoing and degenerative process of rationalization, a process which he meant had alienated man from his intrinsic moral sentiments, his original spirituality, and his fellow human beings. Therefore, the vitalism and collectivism of the totalitarian movements, as well as its religious cult of one infallible leader, spoke to the deepest psychological and spiritual needs of contemporary society. Ultimately, the study culminates in the statement that the alleged hegemony never existed.

Sverige kan inom kort komma att stå inför sitt största och mest kostsamma byggprojekt genom tiderna - en höghastighetsjärnväg med målet att sammankoppla landets tre största städer. Höghastighetsjärnvägen kommer med säkerhet att ha stor inverkan på den fysiska miljön och på förutsättningarna för fortsatt tillväxt - både i regionerna som kommer innefattas i systemet och i regionerna som utelämnas. Denna uppsats belyser beslutsprocessen inom Sverigeförhandlingen, den förhandlingsprocess med bl.a. kommuner på vilken framtida politiska beslut ska baseras.Genom en djupgående dokumentstudie och flertalet intervjuer med processens nyckelaktörervisar denna uppsats att många av de argument som framhärdas av projektets tillskyndare är svåra att belägga. Mest problematisk framstår sättet på vilket de negligerar uppenbara spänningar som projektet sannolikt kommer resultera i - framförallt spänningar avseende förhållandet mellan nationell tillväxt och tilltagande geografisk polarisering. Vår studie understryker behovet av tydliga målsättningar i infrastrukturplaneringen för att kunna fastslå vilka åtgärder som har förutsättningar att generera de största samhälleliga nyttorna. Den typen av tydliga och transparenta målsättningar är någonting vi hävdar att Sverigeförhandlingen har misslyckats med att ställa upp. / Sweden is potentially facing its largest infrastructure project in modern days - a high-speed railway with the main goal of connecting the nation’s three largest cities. The high-speed railway is likely to have a great impact on the physical environment and on the precondition for continued growth - both in the regions which will be included in the railway system, and the regions that will not. This thesis sheds light on the process of decision making within Sverigeförhandlingen, a negotiation process with local governments on which future national political decisions will be based.Through a profound literature review and several interviews with key actors involved in theprocess, this thesis proves that many of the arguments used by the project’s advocates are difficult to substantiate. Most problematic seems to be the way in which they neglect obvious tensions that the project is likely to result in - especially tensions concerning the relationship between national growth and increased geographic polarization. Our study emphasizes the need for distinct goals in infrastructure planning in order to ascertain which measures generate the greatest societal benefits. This is something we argue that Sverigeförhandlingen has failed to do.

Cette recherche étudie le passage d’une confrérie soufie au politique, avec pour exemple la Kasnazâniyya au Kurdistan d’Irak (1979-2014). Elle tente de saisir et d’analyser, dans le contexte irakien, les éléments de conjoncture qui ont conduit d’abord à la politisation de la confrérie comme une étape de « prédisposition », ensuite à son passage direct au politique. Dans une perspective historique, cette recherche vise à comprendre les racines du phénomène de l’implication des cheikhs et des confréries en politique au Kurdistan dès le 19e siècle. Cette démarche s’impose en effet pour déchiffrer les caractéristiques originelles du phénomène et les examiner ensuite à travers le cas de la Kasnazâniyya. Du point de vue de la politisation de la confrérie, nous étudions dans un premier temps au cours de l’histoire récente de la confrérie son impact socio-politique tout en examinant sa doctrine, ses branches, les modalités de succession au pouvoir de son cheikh, et l’impact de ce dernier sur l’orientation de la confrérie. Puis nous traitons dans un deuxième temps du phénomène de « rationalisation », à partir de la question de l’organisation et de la « bureaucratisation » de la confrérie. Du point de vue de l’articulation entre la Kasnazâniyya et le politique, nous étudions d’abord le phénomène des rapports de « clientélisme politique », puis analysons le parti politique créé par la confrérie dans son histoire, ses idées, son mode d’organisation et ses stratégies sociales, politiques et électorales pour parvenir au pouvoir. / In this research we study the transition of a Sufi order to the political field, taking as example the Kasnazâniyya in Iraqi Kurdistan (1979-2014). We first try to capture and analyse, in the Iraqi context, the elements that led first to the politicisation of the order to reach a stage of “predisposition”, then to its direct transition to the political field. In a historical perspective, this research looks at understanding the roots of the phenomenon of the shaykhs’ involvement in politics in Kurdistan from as soon as the 19th century. Such an approach is indeed necessary if we are to decipher the original characteristics of the phenomenon and then look into them through the case of the Kasnazâniyya. Concerning the politicisation of the order, we first study during its recent history its social and political imprint while looking at its doctrine, its branches, the handling of the succession of its shaykh to power, and the impact of the latter onto the orientation of the order. Then in a second stage we look at the phenomenon of “rationalisation” of the order, starting from the question of its organisation and bureaucratisation. Concerning the articulation between the Kasnazâniyya and the political field, we first study the phenomenon of “political clientelism” then analyse the political party created by the order through its history, its ideas, its organisation and social, political and electoral strategies to attain power.

The dependence on Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems has grown significantly in the last decade. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled language models to generate high-quality text at the same level as human-written text. If this growth continues, it can potentially lead to increased misinformation, which is a significant challenge. Although claim verification techniques exist, they lack proper explainability. Numerical scores such as Attention and Lime and visualization techniques such as saliency heat maps are insufficient because they require specialized knowledge. It is inaccessible and challenging for the nonexpert to understand black-box NLP systems. We propose a novel approach called, ExClaim for explainable claim verification using NLP rationalization. We demonstrate that our approach can predict a verdict for the claim but also justify and rationalize its output as a natural language explanation (NLE). We extensively evaluate the system using statistical and Explainable AI (XAI) metrics to ensure the outcomes are valid, verified, and trustworthy to help reinforce the human-AI trust. We propose a new subfield in XAI called Rational AI (RAI) to improve research progress on rationalization and NLE-based explainability techniques. Ensuring that claim verification systems are assured and explainable is a step towards trustworthy AI systems and ultimately helps mitigate misinformation. / Master of Science / The dependence on Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems has grown significantly in the last decade. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled text generation models to generate high-quality text that is at the same level as human-written text. If this growth continues, it can potentially lead to increased misinformation, which is a major societal challenge. Although claim verification techniques exist, they lack proper explainability. It is difficult for the average user to understand the model's decision-making process. Numerical scores and visualization techniques exist to provide explainability, but they are insufficient because they require specialized domain knowledge. This makes it inaccessible and challenging for the nonexpert to understand black-box NLP systems. We propose a novel approach called, ExClaim for explainable claim verification using NLP rationalization. We demonstrate that our approach can predict a verdict for the claim but also justify and rationalize its output as a natural language explanation (NLE). We extensively evaluate the system using statistical and Explainable AI (XAI) metrics to ensure the outcomes are valid, verified, and trustworthy to help reinforce the human-AI trust. We propose a new subfield in XAI called Rational AI (RAI) to improve research progress on rationalization and NLE-based explainability techniques. Ensuring that claim verification systems are assured and explainable is a step towards trustworthy AI systems and ultimately helps mitigate misinformation.