It is of utmost importance for learners to master language in order to learn effectively at school. Problems in language development can cause learning problems that have negative results for the learner. Language consists mainly of the spoken language (listening and speaking), reading and writing. These three aspects of language form an integrated unit so that a problem with one will influence the others. Learners are initially taught in school to read and write. Learners should later be able to use acquired reading skills to learn, and acquired writing skills must be applied to reproduce that which has been learnt. If learners do not master the foregoing skills, their progress at school will be seriously handicapped. A further aggravating factor within the milieu of the South African education system is the complicated socio-political history of the country that created a large number of disadvantaged schools. A Report by the Ministerial Committee on Education in Disadvantaged Areas (2005:10, 43) emphasizes the needs and skills of learners; training, dedication and competencies of teachers; as well as the importance of instructional media in disadvantaged areas. In spite of the implementation of the National Curriculum Statement Grade R-9 (Schools) and Grade 10-12 (Schools), illiteracy is still a serious problem in South Africa. Because the basis of all reading and writing skills are laid in the Foundation Phase, it is necessary for drastic steps to be taken to ensure that learners will be able to read with comprehension in their first years at school. This research is aimed at proving the significant relationship between high frequency words and reading skills (measured by word recognition and reading comprehension) and also improving the reading skills of learners by the acquisition of high frequency words. An effort has also been made to meet the requirements of the core elements for good teaching/instruction. To achieve this objective, the focus of this study is binary. In the first phase the researcher determines if there is a significant relationship between the visual recognition of the high frequency words and reading skills (measured by visual word recognition and reading comprehension) of learners in the Foundation Phase (Grade 2). After completion of Phase 1 it was determined that there is a correlation between the visual recognition of high frequency words and the reading skills (measured by visual word recognition and reading comprehension) of learners in the Foundation Phase (Grade 2). After the successful completion of Phase 1 the focus shifts to the study of Phase 2. In Phase 2 the researcher makes a contribution to the instruction/teaching milieu and meets the requirements of the stated criteria to ensure good instruction/teaching as determined by the Report of the Ministerial Committee on Education in Disadvantaged Areas (2005:10, 43). This contribution is made through the designing of a reading instruction programme that is aimed at the improvement of reading skills (measured by visual word recognition and reading comprehension) of learners in the Foundation Phase. The focus of this Reading Instruction Programme is the acquisition of the first 100 high frequency words as they appear in Aucamp's list (1932: 79 - 80). The gathering/collection of data in both phases is characterised by the use of standardised tests. In Phase 1 use was made of descriptive statistics; Pearson's product moment correlations and Cohen's r-values; t-tests and Cohen's d-values; as well as one sample t-tests to analyse and interpret data. In Phase 2 pre- and post-tests were used. Statistical techniques used during the analysis reporting and interpretation of data in Phase 2 are descriptive statistics; Wilcoxon rank sum tests; one-way covariance analysis; Wilcoxon symmetry-tests, and Cohen's d-values. This study contributes to the education milieu when it proves that the instruction of high frequency words by means of this Reading Instruction Programme leads to the improvement of the reading skills (measured byword recognition and reading omprehension) of learners in Grade 3. The Reading Instruction Programme is based on a balanced reading approach in which the main components of reading integrated with high frequency words are instructed. This instruction is characterised among others by direct, explicit instruction; multi-sensory methods; the use of high quality instructional media; and the automatisation of high frequency words. The Reading Instruction Programme is based on the behaviouristic and cognitive learning theories as well as the transactional reading theory. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

NOCRATO, Raquel Nunes. Ensino de habilidades de leitura para o desenvolvimento da compreensão leitora: proposta de sequência didática para alunos de 9° ano da rede pública. 2016. 135f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós - Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-03T14:50:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rnnocrato.pdf: 15834216 bytes, checksum: 66b0f8560a683ae5e5286f1a0788dd27 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-07T15:31:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rnnocrato.pdf: 15834216 bytes, checksum: 66b0f8560a683ae5e5286f1a0788dd27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T15:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rnnocrato.pdf: 15834216 bytes, checksum: 66b0f8560a683ae5e5286f1a0788dd27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / In the literate society in which we live, proficiency in reading is a fundamental condition for the insertion of the individual and for the effective practice of citizenship (Rojo, 2004; Brandão, 1997). Thus, the present research had as objectives identifying the main reading difficulties of 9th grade students of a public school in Fortaleza/CE, through the application of reading skills test, based on the SPAECE (Permanent System of Evaluation of Basic Education of the State of Ceará) Reference Matrix, in order to intervene on the obtained results. According to Solé (1998), despite the process of reading being internal, this ability can and should be taught. The basic theoretical reference of this work was formed from the studies on reading as a process of construction of meanings (Goodman, 1991, Smith, 2004, Leffa, 1996), reading comprehension (Kato, 1987, Kleiman 1998, Solé 1998), reading goals (Palincsar and Brown, 1984) and inference (Coscarelli, 2002; Marcuschi, 2008), along with the guidelines on language teaching provided by the National Curricular Parameters (PCN, in Portuguese) and the Portuguese Language Reference Matrix for the 9th year of SPAECE. The research presented here is descriptive and qualitative, culminating in an intervention, and was based on the proposal of Didactic Sequence of Dolz and Schneuwly (2004). As a starting point, a pre-test was applied according to the reading skills required by SPAECE, in two classes of 9th grade in a public school of Fortaleza-CE. This initial evaluation revealed important results for choosing experimental and control groups and for the preparation of reading workshops. At the end of the didactic sequence – which included eight reading skills development workshops – a post-test was applied for comparison purposes. Data were generated during the months of August, September and October of 2016 and 32 students participated (16 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group). Through observation of students’ participation in the workshops and comparing the percentage of errors among the tests performed, we found improvement in the students’ comprehension of most of the skills worked in the workshops, which highlights the relevance of teach reading through knowledge construction activities directed towards this purpose. / Na sociedade letrada em que vivemos, a proficiência em leitura é condição fundamental para a inserção do indivíduo e para a prática efetiva da cidadania (Rojo, 2004; Brandão, 1997). Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivos identificar as principais dificuldades de leitura de estudantes de turma do 9° ano do ensino fundamental de escola pública de Fortaleza, mediante a aplicação de teste de habilidades de leitura, baseado na Matriz de Referência do SPAECE (Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Estado Ceará), a fim de intervir sobre os resultados obtidos. Conforme Solé (1998), a despeito de o processo de leitura ser interno, esta habilidade pode e deve ser ensinada. O referencial teórico de base deste trabalho foi formado a partir dos estudos sobre leitura como processo de construção de significados (Goodman, 1984; Smith, 1989; Leffa, 1996), compreensão leitora (Kato, 1987; Kleiman, 1998; Solé, 1998), definição de objetivos de leitura (Palincsar e Brown, 1984) e inferenciação (Coscarelli, 2002; Marcuschi, 2008), juntamente com as orientações sobre ensino de língua fornecidas pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) e a Matriz de Referência de Língua Portuguesa para o 9° ano do SPAECE. A pesquisa aqui apresentada é do tipo descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, culminando em uma intervenção, e baseou-se na proposta de sequência didática de Dolz e Schneuwly (2004). Como ponto de partida, foi aplicado um pré-teste conforme as habilidades de leitura exigidas pelo SPAECE, em duas turmas de 9° ano de escola da rede pública estadual de Fortaleza-CE. Esta avaliação inicial revelou resultados importantes para a escolha dos grupos experimental e controle e para a elaboração das oficinas de leitura. Após a realização da sequência didática – que contemplou oficinas de desenvolvimento de oito habilidades de leitura – foi aplicado um pós-teste para efeito de comparação. Os dados foram gerados durantes os meses de agosto, setembro e outubro de 2016 e participaram da pesquisa 32 estudantes (16 no grupo experimental e 17 no grupo controle). Mediante a observação da participação dos estudantes nas oficinas e da comparação do percentual de erros entre os testes realizados, encontramos melhora na compreensão dos estudantes na maioria das habilidades trabalhadas nas oficinas, o que evidencia a relevância do ensino de leitura mediante atividades de construção da compreensão direcionadas para este fim.

FREIRE, Emanuella Sampaio. Avaliação formativa da alfabetização: uma proposta para acompanhar o desenvolvimento da leitura das crianças do 2º Ano do Ensino Fundamental. 2016. 191f. - Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-23T16:07:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_enblanga.pdf: 7086368 bytes, checksum: 834c0966301fa61fb54568cc13de9f3d (MD5) / Rejected by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br), reason: on 2017-01-25T16:56:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-25T16:58:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_esfreire.pdf: 4270689 bytes, checksum: 716a293549d2a74a2412c26e4957c7a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-25T17:02:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_esfreire.pdf: 4270689 bytes, checksum: 716a293549d2a74a2412c26e4957c7a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T17:02:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_esfreire.pdf: 4270689 bytes, checksum: 716a293549d2a74a2412c26e4957c7a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The large scale outside evaluation has, among its many goals, the goal to track the quality of education through results of students submitted to testing. On the same perspective, the Alphabetization on the Right Age (PAIC) develops outside of school, on the state of Ceará, a large scale evaluation of reading skills, applied annually to students from the Public System at the end of 2nd grade of Elementary School. However, those evaluations are punctual and its results, sometimes, take a long time to get to the teachers. To minimize this problem, the Municipal Department of Education (SME) proposes systematic reading skills evaluations, applied by the teachers, to monitor the students’ learning development. Those tools, however, lack of theoretical foundations, of guidance on how to apply them and on how to interpret results to be considered truly effective. On that context, this study aimed to analyze the tools of systematic evaluation of reading skills applied by SME to students of the 2nd grade of Elementary School from the Public Education System of Fortaleza and, following that, it proposed an application and result interpretation protocol. This material was submitted to testing by the teachers and then, its results were analyzed which contributed to the making of the final product. The methodological path of this research involved bibliographical and documental research as well as field research. An interview was applied to 3 teachers from the 2nd grade of schools of the Public Education System in Fortaleza as the first step of this study. The second step was the construction of the new reading skills evaluation protocol, which was made from the analysis of the data collected during the first step and the bibliographical and documental research. The techniques of data collection on the third step, comprehended by the pre and post-test of the developed protocol were constituted by observation and by the semi-structured interview applied to a spontaneous sample of 1 teacher from the 2nd grade. The results of this research confirmed the hypothesis: The conceptual definition of the development of the skill of reading and the guidance to comprehend the results establish a north to teachers’ actions so they can better follow their students’ learning progress. It can be concluded that the evaluation of the reading skills on kids in the 2nd grade still faces many challenges both on a micro-environment (school) and on a macro-environment (Municipal Department of Education), regarding the complexity of the evaluated object (reading skills) and the tools’ limitations. This thesis hopes that this work can be an alternative to the evaluation of the reading skills, so the teachers feel sure when evaluating the difficulties and potentialities of their students. / As avaliações externas em larga escala têm, dentre seus muitos objetivos, o de acompanhar a qualidade da educação por meio dos resultados sobre o desempenho dos alunos submetidos aos testes. Na mesma perspectiva, o Programa Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PAIC) desenvolve, no Estado do Ceará, uma avaliação da leitura em larga escala, externa à escola e censitária, aplicada anualmente aos alunos da rede pública ao final do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental. No entanto, essas avaliações são pontuais e seus resultados, por vezes, demoram a chegar à mão dos professores. Para minimizar esse problema, a Secretaria Municipal da Educação (SME) de Fortaleza propõe avaliações sistemáticas da leitura, aplicadas pelos professores, para acompanhar a evolução das crianças. Entretanto, esses instrumentais carecem de uma fundamentação teórica, de orientações sobre a aplicação e sobre a interpretação dos resultados para que sejam considerados verdadeiramente eficazes. Desse modo, este estudo intencionou analisar os instrumentais de avaliação sistemática da leitura aplicados pela SME aos alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública de Fortaleza e, na sequência, propôs um protocolo de aplicação e de interpretação dos resultados. Esse material foi submetido a teste pelos professores e, em seguida, analisados os seus resultados, o que contribuiu para a elaboração do produto final. O percurso metodológico envolveu os passos da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como da pesquisa de campo. Foi aplicada uma entrevista com 3 professoras lotadas em turmas do 2º ano de escolas da rede municipal de Fortaleza, que se configurou na primeira etapa da pesquisa. A segunda etapa foi a elaboração do novo protocolo de avaliação da competência leitora, o qual foi efetivado mediante a análise dos dados oriundos da etapa 1 e da busca bibliográfica e documental. As técnicas de recolha de dados na terceira etapa, compreendida pelo pré-teste e pós-teste do protocolo desenvolvido, foram constituídas pela observação e pela entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a uma amostra espontânea de 1 professora do 2º ano. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmaram a hipótese de trabalho: a definição conceitual do desenvolvimento da leitura e a orientação para compreender os resultados norteiam a ação do professor para melhor observar os processos de aprendizagem dos alunos. Conclui-se que a avaliação da competência leitora das crianças do 2º ano ainda é um campo que apresenta muitos desafios, tanto para a esfera micro (Escola), quanto para a macro (Secretaria), tendo em vista a complexidade do objeto avaliado (competência leitora) e as limitações dos instrumentais. Espera-se que o referido trabalho possa ser uma alternativa de avaliação da competência leitora, para que os professores se sintam mais seguros em identificar as dificuldades e potencialidades dos alunos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / A análise dos processos cognitivos subjacentes aos processos de leitura e escrita pode auxiliar na identificação de diferentes perfis de leitura. No presente estudo o objetivo foi comparar crianças disléxicas a dois grupos controle: um pareado por idade cronológica e outro pelo nível de leitura, a fim de verificar possíveis diferenças no desempenho dos grupos em uma bateria de leitura e escrita nacional. Método: foram avaliados 28 disléxicos (DX) de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 9,82 (±1,44) anos, estudantes de escolas públicas e particulares. Estes foram comparados com: 1) Grupo Controle por Idade (AC), composto por 26 leitores competentes, com idade média de 9,77 (±1,37) anos, pareados por idade, série, sexo e tipo de escola; 2) Grupo Controle por nível de leitura (RC), composto por 28 leitores com idade média de 7,82 (±1,06) anos, pareados por sexo, tipo de escola e desempenho de leitura em tarefa de compreensão de sentenças (TCSE). Os grupos foram avaliados em quatro provas da Bateria de Leitura e Escrita Computadorizada - a BALEComputadorizada: o Teste de Competência de Leitura de Sentença (TCSE), Teste de Competência de Sentença Falada (TCSF), Teste de Competência de Leitura de Palavra (TCLP) e Teste de Nomeação de Figuras por Escrita (TENOFE). Estas provas avaliam o padrão de leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras, leitura de sentenças, compreensão de sentença oral e escrita de palavras. Resultados indicaram que disléxicos apresentaram um total de acertos inferior e tempo médio de execução mais elevado, quando comparados ao grupo AC em todas as tarefas. Quando comparados ao grupo RC, não foram observadas diferenças no total de acertos das provas de leitura, nem na prova de compreensão oral. Entretanto, disléxicos permaneceram com uma lentidão no tempo de execução da leitura e obtiveram um escore total na escrita significativamente inferior, mesmo quando comparados aos leitores mais novos. Análises detalhadas dos tipos de erro na prova de leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras (TCLP) apontaram que disléxicos obtiveram escores inferiores aos dois grupos na leitura de pseudopalavras, principalmente as que envolviam um processamento fonológico, ou decodificação ortográfica. Discussão/Conclusão: Disléxicos têm desempenho semelhante ao de leitores mais novos no total de acertos de leitura de palavras e na compreensão oral de sentenças, porém déficits específicos na decodificação fonológica e no armazenamento visual (léxico), bem como na velocidade do processamento da leitura, diferem estes grupos. / The analysis of undergoing cognitive processes in reading and writing skills can help us distinguish different profiles of reading abilities. The present study aims to compare the performance of dyslexic children with two individually matched control groups (one contrasting in reading competence, but not age and a second contrasting in age, but not in reading competence) in a Brazilian Reading and Writing Battery. Participants were: 28 dyslexics of both genders, with mean age of 9,82 (±1,44) years, studying in public and private schools. These were matched to: 1) an Age Control Group (AC): composed of 26 good readers, with mean age of 9,77 (±1,44) years, matched by age, sex, years of schooling and type of school. 2) Reading Control Group (RC): composed of 28 younger controls, with a mean age of 7,82 (±1,06) years, matched by sex, type of school and reading level. All groups were tested on 4 tasks of the battery entitled “BALE”. These were: 1. Sentence Reading Comprehension Test (SRCT), 2. Sentence Hearing Comprehension Test (SHCT), 3.Picture-Print Writing Test (PPWT 1.1-Writing) and 4. Word Reading Competence Test (WRCT). Such tasks evaluate sentence reading comprehension, oral sentence comprehension, spelling and reading of isolated words and pseudowords. Results showed dyslexics obtained lower total scores and a higher execution time, when compared AC. When compared to RC, no differences in total scores of reading tasks or oral comprehension tasks were observed. However, dyslexics presented a slower reading speed, with a higher execution time and a lower score in spelling tasks, even when compared to younger controls. Detailed analysis of types of errors on word and pseudoword reading, demonstrated that dyslexics obtained lower scores in the reading of pseudowords, when compared to both groups. Such findings suggest that overall scores of dyslexics were similar to the younger readers. However, specific deficits in phonological and visual decoding, showed both groups have different underpinning reading strategies. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Leitura recombinativa é a habilidade de ler sob controle de unidades verbais menores. Esse fenômeno é estudado por meio do treino, em MTS, entre palavras orais e impressas; e testes de leitura com novas palavras. Os resultados dos experimentos têm sido variáveis na literatura. Os procedimentos mais eficazes são os que treinam as unidades menores direta ou indiretamente. Experimentos sobre Equivalência demonstraram que reforçadores específicos produzem relações entre reforçadores, estímulos modelo e de escolha. Para investigar o efeito de conseqüências específicas sobre a leitura recombinativa, foi realizado um experimento com três grupos de quatro participantes, com idades entre 20 e 30 anos. Os objetivos foram verificar se sílabas, de palavras dissílabas, seriam relacionadas aos componentes das conseqüências e se estes componentes teriam efeitos sobre a leitura recombinativa. Treinou-se palavras orais dissílabas como modelo e impressas como estímulos de escolha. Foram apresentadas conseqüências específicas compostas por dois estímulos para os Grupos 1 e cada componente do estímulo da conseqüência correspondia a uma sílaba, podendo se constituir em um treino indireto de unidades menores. As conseqüências foram duas cores apresentadas no local dos estímulos de escolha para o Grupo 1 e duas figuras apresentadas no centro da tela para o Grupo 2. Os três grupos passaram por testes de leitura receptivo-auditiva e de comportamento textual. Os Grupos 1 e 2 também passaram por testes entre sílabas e cores, ou figuras. Os dados de cada participante foram analisados individualmente, e os resultados dos grupos foram comparados utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney. Apesar de não ter havido significância estatística, os participantes do Grupo 1 cometeram menos erros nos treinos e nos testes de leitura receptivo-auditiva e de comportamento textual do que os outros grupos. Os participantes do Grupo 3 cometeram mais erros em todas as fases do experimento, em comparação aos outros grupos. Dois participantes do Grupo 1 e um participante do Grupo 2 desempenharam com mais de 93% de acertos nos testes entre componentes das conseqüências e sílabas. As conseqüências específicas tiveram pouco efeito positivo, ou nenhum, sobre o desempenho nos treinos e testes de leitura recombinativa. A maior efetividade das cores, em comparação com as figuras, em produzir relações entre conseqüências e estímulos modelo e de escolha pode estar ligada à sua proximidade espacial com os estímulos de escolha e/ou à sua maior simplicidade e facilidade de nomeação em comparação às figuras. O insucesso de alguns participantes em relacionar cores, ou figuras e sílabas pode ser decorrência da grande quantidade de relações requeridas pelo procedimento. Simplificações do procedimento realizadas com participantes com pouca experiência verbal podem esclarecer se o sucesso de alguns participantes nos testes com componentes das conseqüências são resultado de sua possível função reforçadora ou da capacidade dos participantes de nomear estímulos. / Recombinative reading is the ability of reading under the control of smaller verbal units. This phenomenon is investigated through the training, in MTS, of dictated and printed words; and tests of reading with new words. The results of these experiments had varied in the literature. The most effective procedures are those in which the smaller units are direct or indirect trained. Experiments in Equivalence have shown that specific outcomes produce relations among reinforcers, samples and choice stimuli. For investigating the effects of specific outcomes over recombinative reading, it was conduced an experiment with three groups of four participants, with ages varying from 20 to 30. The aims of the experiment were verifying if the syllables, of two-syllable words, would be related to the consequences components and the effects of the specific outcomes over the recombinative reading. The training was done between two-syllable dictated words as samples and printed words as choice stimuli. Specific consequences compounded by two stimuli were presented to Groups 1 and 2; each stimulus of the consequence was correspondent to a syllable, which could be an indirect training of smaller units. The consequences were two colors presented in the same place of the choice stimuli for Group 1, and two figures presented on the center of the screen for Group 2. The three groups were tested in auditory-receptive reading and textual behavior. Groups 1 and 2 were also tested in relations between the syllables and the consequences components. The data of each participant was individually analyzed, and comparisons among the results of each group were made through the Mann-Whitney test. Although there has not been occurred statically significant results, the participants of Group 1 were those who have made less mistakes than the other groups in training, auditory-receptive tests and textual behavior tests. The participants of Group 3 have made more mistakes in comparison with the other groups in all phases of the experiment. Two participants of Group 1 and one participant of Group 2 have performed with more than 93% of correct responses in tests between syllables and consequences components. The specific consequences have had little positive effect, or none, over the participants performances in training and recombinativa reading tests. The larger effectiveness of colors, in comparison with the figures in produce relations among the consequences components, samples and choice stimuli, could be connected with its proximity to the syllables, and/or with its higher simplicity and easiness of naming in comparison with the figures. The lack of success of some participants in relating colors or figures to syllables seems to be a consequence of the great amount of relations required by the procedure. Simplifications of the procedure executed with participants with little verbal experience could clarify if the success of some participants in tests with the consequences components were result of its possible reinforcer function or of the ability of the participants in naming stimuli.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-08-14T18:59:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Diana_Bertin2018.pdf: 2996569 bytes, checksum: 2d2e6ad81f8aa5742edf6fc32a89554f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T18:59:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Diana_Bertin2018.pdf: 2996569 bytes, checksum: 2d2e6ad81f8aa5742edf6fc32a89554f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / The Avaliação Nacional do Rendimento Escolar – Anresc (National Evaluation of the Education Outcome), known as Prova Brasil, is an instrument that is part of the external evaluations in our country. The aim is to evaluate, through a test, if the students of the 5th and 9th years dominate the basic knowledge expected in Portuguese and Mathematics. I act as a primary school teacher in a municipality in the Western region of Paraná, whose IDEB in 2015 was the best in the State. Thus, aroused our interest regarding looking at the reading proficiency of 5th year students included in IDEB evaluation. Thus, the purpose was to answer the following questions: In what skills do the students that were evaluated by the Prova Brasil/2015 highlighted? Is it possible to (re)evaluate the reading comprehension of the students based on the results of Prova Brasil/2015 using other reading activities, organized with subjective questions? In order to answering these questions, we described as a general objective to identify the reading skills of students of the 6th year, evaluated by the Prova Brasil/2015 when they studied in the 5th year. We initially used data available in the INEP Platform through the returns and the QEdu Networks website. After we look at the results of reading activities that were elaborated based on the descriptors of the Prova Brasil, but organized mostly, with open questions. We applied these activities to 38 students who had good performance in the Prova Brasil/2015. This research is part of Applied Linguistics considering the theoretical assumptions of this area of knowledge. It include a qualitative interpretative basis, of an ethnographic nature, which is configured as a case study. Theoretically, in order to reflect on reading and its different conceptions we considered Solé (1998), Rojo (2002) Bakhtin (2003), Geraldi (1997), Martins (2006), Menegassi (2010a, 2010b, 2010c), Costa-Hübes (2015) and others authors. We also resorted to researchers such as Fuza (2010), Hoppe and Costa-Hübes (2013), Casaril (2014), Costa-Hübes (2015) and others that they approached Prova Brasil and its descriptors and still Solé (1998) and Menegassi (2010a) which address questions about assessment in reading. This study gave us a better understanding of the descriptors contemplated by the Reference Matrices of Portuguese Language (MRLP) (BRASIL, 2011), how they evaluate the students' reading proficiency allowing us to recognize in which skills the students evaluated by the Prova Brasil/2015 demonstrated satisfactory performance, according to the MRLP assumptions. The results also confirmed that it is possible to (re)evaluate these skills through another instrument and that they need to be consolidated, regardless of the methodology used in the evaluation. However, the research with the reading contents provided by the descriptors, alone, is not enough to guarantee the reading proficiency of the student. We need to go further and broaden this approach so that they can read beyond the text and understand that the contextual elements have a direct bearing on the constitution of text sense. / A Avaliação Nacional do Rendimento Escolar – Anresc (Prova Brasil) é um instrumento que faz parte das avaliações externas em nosso país, cujo objetivo é avaliar, por meio de um teste, se os alunos do 5º e do 9º anos dominam os conhecimentos básicos que se esperam em Português e Matemática. Por atuarmos como professora do ensino fundamental em um município da região Oeste do Paraná, cujo IDEB, em 2015, foi o melhor do Estado, despertou-nos o interesse de, nesta pesquisa, olharmos para a proficiência leitora de alunos do 5º ano que participaram dessa avaliação. Assim, o propósito é responder aos seguintes questionamentos: Em quais habilidades se destacam os alunos que foram avaliados pela Prova Brasil/2015? É possível (re)avaliar a compreensão leitora dos alunos a partir dos resultados aferidos pela Prova Brasil/2015, recorrendo a outras atividades de leitura, organizadas com questões subjetivas? Na perspectiva de responder a tais questionamentos, traçamos, como objetivo geral, identificar as habilidades de leitura de alunos do 6º Ano, avaliados pela Prova Brasil/2015 quando estudavam no 5º Ano. Para atingir o proposto, recorremos, inicialmente, a dados disponibilizados na Plataforma do INEP, através das devolutivas, e à página do QEdu Redes. Posteriormente olhamos para os resultados de atividades de leitura que foram elaboradas com base nos descritores da Prova Brasil, porém organizada, em sua maioria, com questões abertas. Aplicamos essas atividades a 38 alunos que apresentaram um bom desempenho na Prova Brasil de 2015. Trata-se, assim, de uma pesquisa que se inscreve na Linguística Aplicada, observando os pressupostos teóricos dessa área de conhecimento; de base qualitativa interpretativista, de cunho etnográfico, e se configura como um estudo de caso. Teoricamente, para refletir sobre a leitura e suas diferentes concepções, amparamo-nos em Solé (1998), Rojo (2002) Bakhtin (2003), Geraldi (1997), Martins (2006), Menegassi (2010a, 2010b, 2010c), Costa-Hübes (2015) e outros. Recorremos ainda a pesquisadores como Fuza (2010), Hoppe e Costa-Hübes (2013), Casaril (2014), Costa-Hübes (2015) e outros que abordam a Prova Brasil e seus descritores e ainda Solé (1998) e Menegassi (2010a) que abordam questões sobre a Avaliação em leitura. Esse estudo nos propiciou maior compreensão dos descritores contemplados pelas Matrizes de Referência de Língua Portuguesa (MRLP) (BRASIL, 2011), de como eles avaliam a proficiência leitora dos estudantes e possibilitou-nos reconhecer em quais habilidades os alunos avaliados pela Prova Brasil/2015 demonstraram desempenho satisfatório, conforme pressupostos das MRLP. Os resultados confirmaram também que é possível sim (re)avaliar essas habilidades por meio de outro instrumento e que elas precisam ser consolidadas, independente da metodologia empregada na avaliação. Todavia, o trabalho com os conteúdos de leitura previstos pelos descritores, apenas, não basta para garantir a proficiência em leitura do aluno; precisamos ir além, ampliar essa abordagem, de modo que consigam ler para além do texto e compreender que os elementos contextuais incidem diretamente na constituição do(s) sentido(s) do texto.

More and more private language schools provide IELTS preparation courses for candidates who want to sit the test for admission to undergraduate and postgraduate courses in English-speaking countries. This essay investigates whether the IELTS preparation course in a language school in China offers an adequate preparation for candidates. The study focuses on one preparation course for the IELTS reading test (other modules are beyond the scope of the present study). A questionnaire and interview questions concerning both the IELTS reading test and the preparation course were given to 20 candidates and two teachers by e-mail.This study first analyzed the reading skills tested in the IELTS reading test and discussed possible test difficulties. It then investigated the IELTS reading preparation course by means of candidate feedback on course expectations, course structure, teaching materials and teaching methods. The feedback shows that the course fulfilled the candidates’ expectations, i.e. it taught them useful test-taking techniques and reading skills. The teachers’ responses indicate that the course achieved its objective to familiarize candidates with the IELTS reading test. The study results demonstrate that the preparation course is test-based, teaching candidates IELTS test-taking strategies, which effectively prepare candidates for the IELTS test. Candidates and teachers also offered suggestions for future course improvement.

This study determined the reading skills that community college faculty perceived as necessary for their students' success in certain English, history, and biology courses. Three questions were posed: What reading skills do faculty perceive as necessary for their students' success? Which skills are perceived to be most important? To what extent are the perceptions of English, history, and biology faculty similar or different? Sixty-one faculty from nineteen Texas community colleges completed three Delphi questionnaires for this study. Perceived reading skill needs were rated by levels of importance. Ratings were analyzed by determining medians and interquartile ranges for each identified skill.

The problem of this study is to determine whether or not superior reading ability in a given reading skill is significantly related to successful achievement in each of the three areas of arithmetic, social studies, and science, and to determine whether or not the different reading skills are related to areas of achievement in different ways.

Denna litteraturstudie belyser arbetssätt samt metod där i undervisningen med anknytning till kooperativt lärande och läsförståelse samt hur detta påverkar elevernas samspel och interaktion. Användningen av kooperativt lärande i klassrummet varierar beroende på lärarens engagemang. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur kooperativt lärande behandlas som metod för att utveckla elevers läsförståelse och samspel i grundskolan för årskurs F-3. Syftet avses svaras med hjälp av följande frågeställningar: Hur ser relationen ut mellan kooperativt lärande och läsförståelse? Vilka möjligheter och hinder finns med kooperativt lärande i undervisningen? Frågeställningarna besvaras med hjälp av 13 stycken vetenskapliga artiklar. Forskningen är mestadels internationell och utförd i flera olika delar av världen. Resultatet på användandet av kooperativt lärande i klassrummet visade på ökade resultat i läsförståelse samt ökad interaktion och samspel mellan eleverna. Faktorer som påverkade användandet av kooperativt lärande var bland annat klassrumsklimatet, både den psykiska och fysiska, resurser, lärarens kunskap och engagemang. Genom strukturerad undervisning i och om användandet av kooperativt lärande kan det öka elevers läsförståelse samt samspel och interaktion. För att kooperativt lärande ska ha en positiv inverkan på undervisningen är lärarens kunskap och engagemang avgörande.