published_or_final_version / Electrical Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Meisterdenker zu erfinden ist sicher ein ganz gewöhnlicher Ausdruck von Epigonalität, zumindest seitdem die Philosophie ein Publikum hat. Es ist seit langem ein lesendes Publikum, dessen Meisterdenker also Meisterschreiber. In der Fiktion des Urhebers schließen sich auch gegensätzliche Interessen zusammen; denunziatorische und apologetische Absichten gehen darin konform, kritische und hagiographische Schreibweisen kreuzen sich. So erfahren wir auch von Michel Foucault. Längst ist sein Autorname so anerkannt, daß er zum Sujet eigener Abhandlungen wird. En passant, absatzweise, über Seiten hin ersteht die Figur des Philosophen aus der Lektüre; eine gewisse Aufmerksamkeit wird ungeduldig und drängt zum Ausdruck - so vermehren sich Bücher. Und?, wird man fragen, Foucault wird eben rezipiert, kein Problem! - Foucault?

Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετάται σε ποιο βαθμό συγκλίνουν και που διαφοροποιούνται από την λογοτεχνική παράδοση συγκεκριμένα σύγχρονα θεατρικά έργα που αφορούν στο Μύθο του Οιδίποδα.Ποια θέματα απασχολούν τους νέους συγγραφείς και με ποια μορφή τα διατυπώνουν;Ποιες είναι οι νέες τάσεις στη θεατρική γραφή; / In this study , we examine specific modern theatrical plays about the Myth Of Oedipus and how they converge and differ from the literary tradition.What are the new trends in theatrical writing?

Marie de Gournay (1565-1645) was bold. Following a profound, epiphanic experience while reading Montaigne's Essais, she would turn the despair of a young woman, ambitiously seeking her own voice, into literary performances as part of a continuous exercise of staging herself. Indeed, she would fabricate for herself a mythic persona, a Virgo nobilis, in order to control her own destiny as an author, and as a literary, political and social commentator. She also had some very powerful friends and supporters. Following a prominent fifty-year career, though, she would virtually disappear from the French literary world. Shortly after her death, Gournay's work was erased behind the ridicule, parodies and mystification that had targeted her during her lifetime. Gournay would become counter-fashioned, her own myths turned against her. My intent in this study of Gournay's persona is to provide an example of the dynamics at work in subversive creations, specifically how the construct of Gournay evolved into what humanist Justus Lipsius had presaged as a novum monstrum.I propose to analyze the fabrication of her persona from two different perspectives: first of all, from the point of view of her own self-fashioning, how she appears as both author and character of her own creation, putting into flux the notions of copy - original and imitation - invention. Critical theories on reception, self-fashioning, mystification, originality and feminism will be used within the context of the development of politesse and the honnête homme, in early modern France. Close study of the works of fiction in which her persona appears, only to be mocked, and an analysis of texts which praised her will then reveal how and why Gournay continues to suffer from the binds constructed during the seventeenth century after which she, and many other women writers, were no longer read. She was either scornfully dismissed, or simplified to the point of distortion out of the need to classify and explain a woman whose positions and actions rendered her a phenomenon in a patriarchal society where women were excluded from creating meaning for themselves.

The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 resulted in a massive population loss that revolutionary officials sought to replace with a generation of active citizens. This dissertation demonstrates that the child's role from 1920 to 1940 transformed from that of an individual bounded by the family to that of a member of the community, the nation, and a transnational generation. Children entered the historical record in unprecedented numbers. Due to the impressive expansion of public education and the increased civic engagement that it yielded, children produced a rich cache of documents--letters, drawings, plays, and speeches--that provide a measure by which to gauge their responses to revolutionary programs.First, I explore adult-produced rhetoric and policies that placed children at the center of plans for creating new revolutionary citizens. Lawmakers, professionals, and governors attempted to construct a homogeneous generation of citizens through the balanced application of sound pedagogy, firm ideology, and modern medicine. Adults transformed public space and assumed new rhetorical styles that refashioned the child as a metaphor for the nation's future.Second, I measure children's responses to government and popular efforts to construct a universal childhood, and I demonstrate the uneven process of cultural dissemination. Unexpected reactions by younger children to itinerant educational puppet shows revealed age as a factor in reception. Children's letters to radio officials demonstrated that middle class children had greater access to the new media. Contributions to the art magazine Pulgarcito suggested a romanticization of rural children.Third, I reveal the ways that participation in civic activities expanded children's social networks and allowed them to imagine themselves as part of a national and international community of their peers. Children's conferences, literacy campaigns, and anti-alcohol marches, allowed children to sample national political culture and gain exposure to its hierarchies and bureaucracy. Pan-American exchanges between schoolchildren meant that Mexican youth saw themselves as part of a hemispheric family, united by a common race and common colonial heritage. The children growing up during these decades learned skills, gained a sense of political awareness, and absorbed and created cultural expressions that became recognized the world over as being distinctly Mexican.

I slutet av 1970-talet började allt fler flyktingar söka sig till Sverige och det kom att bli behov av ett system för att ta emot och integrera flyktingar som fått uppehållstillstånd. Efter år 1985 baseras svensk flyktingmottagning på överenskommelser och samarbete mellan Migrationsverket och enskilda kommuner. Staten har det övergripande ekonomiska ansvaret för flyktingmottagningen, och landets kommuner anordnar mottagandet och organiserar samhällsservice för flyktingarna. Enligt en lista från Migrationsverket är flyktingmottagandet i Sverige inte jämnt fördelat över landet -vissa kommuner tar till exempelvis inte emot några flyktingar överhuvudtaget. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar kommunernas flyktingmottagande. Den fråga som uppsatsen har för avsikt att besvara är: • Hur påverkar variablerna medelinkomst, arbetslöshet, åldersfördelning, bostadsbrist, socialistiskt eller borgerligt styre, andelen Sverigedemokratiska mandat i kommunfullmäktige samt andelen tidigare utländska medborgare i kommunen, de olika kommunernas flyktingmottagande? Med hjälp av statistisk sambandsanalys kommer vi fram till följande resultat: • Andelen utländska medborgare som redan bor i kommunen har en stark positiv påverkan på andelen mottagna flyktingar. Det vill säga om andelen utländska medborgare i kommunen redan är stor så är också flyktingmottagandet stort. • Medelinkomsten samverkar negativt med andelen flyktingar som tas emot i kommunen, vilket innebär att ju högre medelinkomst desto färre flyktingar tas emot. • Borgerligt styre i en kommun har en negativ påverkan på flyktingmottagandet. Dock kan man inte säga att socialistiskt styrda kommuner eller andelen Sverigedemokratiska mandat i kommunfullmäktige skulle ha någon positiv påverkan på flyktingmottagande, det vill säga att det skulle leda till ett ökat flyktingmottagande. • I takt med ökad arbetslöshet i kommunen minskar flyktingmottagandet • Bostadsbristen har en svag negativ påverkan på mottagandet, kommunerna tar emot färre flyktingar vid ökad bostadsbrist. / In the late 1970: s more refugees began to apply for citizenship in Sweden and a demand for a new system to handle and integrate the refugees appeared. Since 1985 the Swedish refugee reception are based on agreements and cooperation between Migrationsverket and individual municipalities. The state has the overall economic responsibility for the refugee reception, while the municipalities organize the reception and public service for the refugees. However according to a list from Migrationsverket the refugee reception in Sweden is irregularly distributed over the country - some municipalities do not accept any refugees at all. The aim of this essay is to examine which factors that influence the municipalities’ willingness to accept refugees. The question the essay intends to answer is: • How does the variables average income, unemployment, age distribution, housing shortage, political majority, the number of seats the political party Sverigedemokraterna holds in the municipal council and the proportion of former foreign citizens, influences the different municipalities' willingness to accept refugees? With help of statistic analysis following results emerged: • The proportion of foreign citizens that already live in a municipality have a considerable impact on the proportion of received refugees. Videlicet if the proportion of former foreign citizens is large already, also the refugee reception is large. • The average income interacts negatively with the proportion refugees that are accepted in a municipality. • Non-Socialist majority in a municipality have a negative effect on the refugee reception. However, one can not say that a socialist majority or how many seats the political party Sverigedemokraterna holds in the municipal council have any impact on the refugee reception. • Increased unemployment in a municipality decreases the refugee reception. • A shortage of housing has a small negative impact on the reception.

Mikhail Bakhtin’s philosophical thought is largely focused on the interconnectivity of human discourse, privileging literary genres (i.e. the novel). Language comprises of both the structural components of linguistics and a non-verbal component that corresponds to the context of the enunciation. Therefore, the social situation that creates an utterance cannot be diminished. This thesis examines the social history of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and Boris Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago (1958), both realist novels that have faced censorship, using Bakhtin’s theories of dialogics and centripetal and centrifugal forces. The Grapes of Wrath and Doctor Zhivago came out in different epochs and were products of the two conflicting ideologies of the 20th century – liberal capitalism and communism. These distinctions provide an interesting forum for comparing the legitimacy of Bakhtin’s theories with regard to censorship across societies.

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This thesis explores the making of Thailand’s Civil and Commercial Code in 1925 (‘Code of 1925’), especially the drafting method the draftsmen employed, and ascertains how the use of this method affected Thai lawyers’ understanding of rules and concepts of the Code. The Code of 1925 emerged from a period in which Thailand was under threat from colonisation by Western powers. As a result of a number of unbalanced commercial treaties between the Thai and foreign governments, the jurisdictional sovereignty of the country had been eroded by consular jurisdiction and the principle of extraterritoriality. These ‘unfair treaties’ forced the Thai government to establish a modern legal system as part of its attempts to recover full judicial autonomy. The work of codification of civil and commercial law, which began in 1908 under the direction of French draftsmen, produced the desired result in 1925 only after Phraya Manavarajasevi (Plod na Songkhla) became involved. Plod was instrumental in replacing the French Code civil with the BGB of 1900 as the principal model and introducing the Japanese Civil Code of 1898 (‘Minpō’) and the ‘copying method’ which he referred to as the ‘Japanese method’ to the new Thai-dominated drafting committee. The Japanese Code and the ‘Japanese method’ were chosen owing to Plod’s belief that the Japanese had established their civil code by copying the BGB. This thesis shows that Alan Watson’s theory of legal transplants is well suited for explaining this type of legal development: the draftsmen copied the wording of English translations of provisions of the BGB and the Minpō without much concern about their conceptual foundations. They finished their task within seven months. But Watson’s contention that successful legal borrowing does not require ‘a systematic knowledge of the law’ must be approached with great caution. Plod was misled by a secondary source he consulted into believing that the Minpō was practically a copy of the BGB. In reality, the Japanese Code was influenced by a variety of foreign laws, including German and French law. The drafting committee’s lack of knowledge about the rules and concepts they borrowed and the method they adopted led to difficulties in interpreting the rules and concepts in question. This is illustrated in this thesis by a case study of the legal rules in the Code of 1925 on specific performance. Most of the Thai provisions concerning non-performance and remedies for non-performance were copied from the BGB, but two important rules concerning the rights to performance and damages (Articles 213 and 215) came from the Minpō. These provisions were mainly influenced by French law, but Plod and most likely other Thai draftsmen erroneously believed that they were of German origin. The text of these two articles clearly put specific performance and damages as remedies for non-performance on equal footing. The consequence of this is that Thai academics who maintain that specific performance is the primary remedy for nonperformance have struggled to justify this point of view. Whenever they expound on the principle of the primacy of specific performance in Thai law, Thai writers produce contradictory statements because the wording of Articles 213 and 215 forces them to accept that the creditor in case of non-performance has the right to choose between specific performance and damages. This thesis shows that legal borrowing without a proper use of comparative law and legal history and a systematic knowledge of the law borrowed can lead to undesirable results. Thai lawyers must employ comparative and historical methods when discovering the true character of the Thai rules and concepts. With the help of these methods, they may find common ground in legal concepts and resolve some theoretical problems.

Studien behandlar utformningen av Videum AB:s nya kontor, reception och entréhall som kommer att vara en del av ett framtida kontorshotell vid Videum Science Park i Växjö. Målet med studien är att ta fram en förslagsritning och visualiseringsbilder på ett kontor åt Videums personal, samt en funktionell reception. Fyra huvudtyper av kontorsformer lyfts fram i studien; öppet kontorslandskap, cellkontor, delade kontorsrum samt flexibla kontor. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med Videums personal för att få en bild av vad de har för åsikter om sitt nuvarande kontor och reception samt en framtida utformning. Genom en balans av de påverkande faktorerna teori, personalens åsikter och utformarnas kunskaper har ett förslag tagits fram. Resultatet visar ritningar, visualiseringar samt förklaringar över det nya optimala förslaget för Videum AB.