This paper aims on the study of developing the firmware program for the monitor chips designed inside the battery set of a Notebook power management system, with the function of monitoring safety during battery charge/discharge via the chips; meanwhile, to estimate the residual capacity of the battery. Owing to the chemistry properties of the battery, whose residual capacity will be affected by the current flow during charge/discharge, high/low of the ambient temperature, fatigue of the battery, as a result, variations of the residual capacity will be presented in non-linear. Therefore, in estimation of the battery residual capacity, using the curve learned from the practical experiment on the battery charge/discharge to be the basis for us to find out the appropriate parameters under the relevant influence factors for revision. It will be more accurate in estimation of the battery residual capacity. At the same time, the battery signal can be transmitted to the managing end of the Notebook power management system via the system management interface, which may enable the system to operate more efficiently.

This work describes general view of a traffic accident in order to introdukce non-specific features of traffic accidents. The objective of this work is deeper understanding of this issue, of the difference between the need for improving the participants skills and the repressive measures introduced in the attempt to guarantee the observance of fundamental legal standards.

This thesis solves the problem of motivation system in the company Telconnect, Ltd. and notes and address any deficiencies of motivation system. New motivation system should excel its attraction and targeting the employees, but also minimized the financial intensity for the company. In my thesis are provided basic theoretical knowledge, practical solutions and suggestions, which could lead to total improvement of the system and effective work of employees.

Purpose: The study aims to show if there is a significant relationship between the CEOs recompense and the size of the company between the industries. The goal is to compare the size of a company with the variable that shows performance and which of them who has the strongest connection to the recompense. Method: The essay stands on a quantitative approach where secondary data has been gathered from the year of 2015 annual reports. The population includes all the Swedish companies in the real estate-, finance- and pharmaceutical industry that are listed on the stock exchange. Selection has been made on 30 of these companies, 10 in each industry. With the statistical analyses the methods that have been used are multiple regression model and correlation analysis. Results: The results show that the company that paid the highest recompense in the real estate industry was Kungsleden. The company in the finance industry was Kinnevik and in the pharmaceutical industry it was Pfizer. Conclusion: After analyzing the result the conclusion can be made that there is a significant relationship between the CEOs recompense and the size of the company only in the real estate industry. When comparing the variable that dictates the size of the company (net sales)  and the performance variable (MVA), the conclusion that can be made is that MVA has a stronger connection to the CEOs total recompense in the pharmaceutical industry in relation to the other industries. Within the finance industry there was no significant relationship with the CEOs recompense and the selected variables.

Les récepteurs mu aux opioïdes (MORs) jouent un rôle central dans l’addiction et ce majoritairement via le contrôle qu’ils exercent sur les phénomènes de récompense. Les effets des MORs sur le système de récompense sont généralement attribués à leur expression dans le circuit mésocorticolimbique. Les MORs sont toutefois exprimés dans d’autres régions du cerveau, notamment dans une petite structure cérébrale épithalamique qui exprime la plus forte densité de MORs : l’habénula médiane (MHb). Le rôle de cette population spécifique de récepteurs n’a jamais été exploré, malgré l’implication fortement suggérée dans la littérature de l’habénula dans l’addiction et les processus de récompense/aversion sous-jacents. Nous avons donc généré un modèle de souris knockout conditionnel chez lesquelles nous supprimons les MORs uniquement dans l’habénula et nous les avons soumis à des tests comportementaux dans le but d’évaluer les fonctions de ces récepteurs et leur impact sur le comportement avec un focus sur les processus aversifs, cognitifs et récompensant. Nos résultats révèlent que les récepteurs mu que nous supprimons dans l’habénula limitent l’aversion somatique et affective mais ne modulent ni les réponses locomotrices, analgésiques et de récompense à la morphine, ni les fonctions cognitives que nous avons testées. Nous identifions donc pour la première fois une population de MORs dans l’habénula qui freinent l’aversion et nous suggérons par là-même que les récepteurs mu de l’habénula pourraient être cruciaux dans le stage «sevrage aversif» des cycles d’addiction. / Mu opioid receptors (MORs) have been extensively studied for their addictive properties that are thought to operate through the control of reward processes. While the importance of MORs in reward is generally attributed to their presence in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry, their role in the medial habenula (MHb), the structure in which MORs are most densely expressed, remains unexplored to date. This is quite surprising given the increasing literature on the habenula’s role in addiction as well as reward/aversion processes. Here we generated a conditional knockout mouse model that lacks MORs solely in the MH band we investigated the contribution of habenular MORs in brain functions and behavioural out comes with emphasis on reward, aversion and cognition. While the performance of our mutant model did not differ in locomotor, analgesic and reward responses to morphine norincognitive tasks compared to control mice, we uncovered a novel role for MORs in aversive states.This is the first report demonstrating that MORs control both somatic and affective aversion specifically at the level of the MHb. Habenular MORs could thus be crucial to the aversive with drawal stage of addiction cycles that is thought to increase craving and prevent success in quitting.

Submitted by Gustavo Moraes (gusmoraes@ig.com.br) on 2011-08-29T22:27:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MFEE-EPGE - Gustavo de Paula Moraes.pdf: 288790 bytes, checksum: 75b700ba628f559aaf81308e4aaf88c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2011-08-30T13:06:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MFEE-EPGE - Gustavo de Paula Moraes.pdf: 288790 bytes, checksum: 75b700ba628f559aaf81308e4aaf88c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-20T20:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MFEE-EPGE - Gustavo de Paula Moraes.pdf: 288790 bytes, checksum: 75b700ba628f559aaf81308e4aaf88c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-20 / Este trabalho estuda o diferencial de retorno entre fundos de ações com benchmark em índices de renda fixa e fundos de ações com benchmark em índices de renda variável. A escolha de um índice de renda fixa como benchmark para um FIA, em média tende a ser pior para o cotista, pois gera um potencial de ganho financeiro para o gestor não associado ao real valor por ele criado. Portanto, como a remuneração dos gestores através da taxa de performance depende em parte do benchmark escolhido, fundos com benchmark em renda fixa deveriam apresentar melhores desempenhos a fim de compensarem seus cotistas por este custo. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que os gestores de fundos com benchmark em renda fixa obtêm um retorno líquido de taxas de performance e administração superior para seus cotistas e também apresentam uma menor correlação com o Índice Bovespa. / This paper analyses the difference between returns of equities funds that have fixed-income index as benchmark and equities funds that have stocks index as benchmark. The choice of a fixed-income index as benchmark for an equities fund on average tends to be worst for the investor as it creates a potential financial recompense for the fund manager that is not associated with its performance. So, as fund managers performance-fee remuneration depends on the chosen benchmark, funds with fixed-income benchmark should feature better performances to compensate their investors for this cost. The results suggests that fixed-income benchmark funds managers shows better liquid of taxes returns and lower correlation with Bovespa Index.