Throughout the western North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) have established dense populations, greatly impacting their host environments. Lionfish tournaments have been an important tool for resource managers and other concerned stakeholders in suppressing local populations of lionfish. Tournaments can also bring economic benefits to the communities where they are held, despite this not being the primary purpose. Five derby events in Florida and the Bahamas were surveyed and 119 participants were interviewed on site, using a survey asking them to describe (1) the lionfish derby experience; (2) non-derby related lionfish removal effort; (3) derby expenditures; and (4) personal characteristics. Response rates of event participants were between 35% and 82%. Respondents spent an average of approximately $820 per person, potentially creating a net economic benefit to the communities where they were held. Total expenditures reported ranged from $5,000 to over $60,000 per tournament, with events drawing a high number of out of town participants reporting the highest amounts spent. Participants surveyed were largely males who resided in Florida and had a reported income of over $100,000 with 29% indicating an annual income of more than $200,000. In addition, lionfish tournaments have the effect of educating the public about the lionfish invasion, including greater targeting and consumption of lionfish, showing that tournaments are effective at their conservation mission as well as contributing to the economy of their host community.

Florida is the “Fishing Capital of the World”. With 3.1 million recreational anglers and total recreational fishing-related expenditures of $5 billion in 2011, Florida ranked first in the nation. Given the large benefits of recreational fishing in Florida, assessing the preferences of anglers is critical for sustaining the substantial benefits obtained from recreational fishing in Florida. The objective of this study is to estimate the value of fishing attributes using data on recreational fishing services offered by guides and outfitters. Hedonic price models are applied to estimate the implicit prices of fishing trip attributes and features. The estimated total economic impacts suggest that recreational fishing activities have added $151.19 million value to the economy of Florida and generated $69.73 million in total output. The results can be used by state and national policymakers for future policy design and management of this unique ecosystem service to ensure a sustainable economy.

Le denté commun, plus couramment appelé denti, Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758), est un poisson marin côtier (0-200m) emblématique et patrimonial en Méditerranée. Il représente un intérêt économique important pour la pêche artisanale et récréative, en Corse en particulier. En tant que prédateur supérieur, il occupe une position clé au sommet de la pyramide trophique. Il dispose un statut de conservation en étant classé comme « Vulnérable » par l’UICN. Malgré son importance écologique et économique, les données disponibles sur cette espèce sont encore limitées. L’objectif de cette thèse vise à améliorer l’état des connaissances sur l’exploitation, la biologie et la structure de population du denti en Corse. En premier lieu, un travail de synthèse bibliographique a été effectué, qui compile toutes les informations parcellaires existantes sur la biologie, l’exploitation, et la structure de population du denti sur l’ensemble de son aire de répartition. De manière générale, il existe un manque d’information, mais à travers les axes développés, ce manuscrit fourni une vision claire de l’état des connaissances actuelles sur le denti et des lacunes qu’il reste à combler. Deuxièmement, une étude a été menée pour déterminer quels facteurs pouvaient influencer les variations spatio-temporelles des captures (CPUE) du denti par la pêche artisanale et décrire la structure démographique de la population exploitée à l’échelle de la Corse. Les CPUE ont varié dans l’espace (profondeur) et dans le temps (mois), mais ont montré une stabilité annuelle. Les résultats ont montré un pic d’exploitation (des individus grands/âgés) au mois de mai pendant la période de reproduction. Cette étude a fourni également les premières cartes à fine échelle de l’exploitation au niveau spatial du denti, avec l’identification de «hot spots», qui représentent probablement des habitats essentiels dans l’histoire de vie de cette espèce. Troisièmement, une étude a comparé l’exploitation du denti par la pêche artisanale et récréative au sein de la Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio. Le denti est ciblé par une grande variété d’engins, ce sont la palangre (pêche artisanale) et la traine (pêche récréative) qui présentent les taux d’exploitation les plus élevés. Au niveau spatial, les captures étaient quantitativement maximales dans les zones de protection renforcée. Les résultats indiquent que la pêche récréative contribue significativement à la mortalité par la pêche de cette espèce dans la zone d’étude (3.4 t/an soit 37 % de l’ensemble des captures). Ensuite, une comparaison de trois différentes méthodes d’estimation d’âge (écailles, otolithes entiers et sectionnés) a été effectuée pour évaluer quelle structure etait la plus fiable et précise et définir les paramètres de croissance du denti en Corse. A partir des résultats obtenus, la lecture sur écaille apparait comme fiable jusqu’à cinq ans, la lecture sur otolithe entier jusqu'à 12 ans et sur otolithe sectionné peut être employée sur toutes les tranches d'âges (âge record de 36 ans). Le taux de croissance dans l’étude est relativement élevé et semble assez rapide par rapport aux études antérieures en Méditerranée. Pour finir, le dernier chapitre avait pour but d'identifier la structure du stock de denti autour de la Corse, par une approche holistique, avec une combinaison de marqueurs : les microsatellites, l'analyse de la forme des otolithes et les communautés de parasites. L’étude a mis en lumière une structuration spatiale complexe de la population, donnant de nouvelles perspectives pour la conservation des stocks de denti en Corse. Cette thèse fourni de nouvelles connaissances sur l’exploitation, la biologie et la structure de population du denti en Corse et préconise des mesures de protection pour promouvoir une gestion durable de cette importante ressource halieutique en Corse. / The common dentex, Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758), is an iconic marine coastal bony fish in the Mediterranean Sea. The common dentex, due to its large size, flesh quality, and high commercial value, is targeted by both artisanal and recreational fishing, especially in Corsica. As a top predator, it is a potential indicator species for the structure and functioning of the coastal ecosystems on which it depends. D. dentex is classified by the IUCN as «Vulnerable». Despite its economic and ecological importance, scientific data on this species in its natural environment are still very scant.The aim of this thesis is to improve the state of knowledge on fisheries, biology and population structure of D. dentex in Corsica. First, a review evaluates the current literature on D. dentex biology, ecology, stock structure, fisheries on its global geographical range. In general, there is a lack of information, but across the developed axes, this manuscript provided a clear view of the current state of knowledge on D. dentex and suggests future research directions to fill important gaps. Secondly, a study was conducted to determine which factors could influence the spatial and temporal variations in catches (CPUE) by artisanal fisheries and describe the demographic structure of the population exploited in Corsica. The CPUE varies over spatial (depth) and temporal scales (month), but show annual stability. The results exhibits a peak of exploitation during May (large/old specimens), probably related to reproductive strategies,. This study generated the first fine scale maps showing the spatial exploitation of common dentex and the identification of exploited fishing grounds clearly indicates the existence of ‘hot spots’, which probably represent essential habitats, of the life history of this species. Third, a study compared the exploitation of common dentex by artisanal and recreational fishing in the Bonifacio Strait Natural Reserve. It is targeted by a wide variety of gears; longline (artisanal fishing) and trolling (recreational fishing) have the highest rate of exploitation. Spatially, catches were quantitatively maximal in partially protected areas. The results suggest also that recreational fishing contributes significantly to total fishing mortality of the common dentex in the study area (3.4 t/year or 37 % of the total catch). Then, a comparison of three methods of age estimation (scales, whole and sectioned otoliths) was performed to evaluate which structure was the most reliable and accurate and define the growth parameters in Corsica. The scales appear suitable for estimating age between 0 and 5 years old, whole otoliths can be used up to 12 years and sectioned otoliths are the most accurate and reliable structure for all age ranges (age record of 36 years). The growth rate of the Corsican common dentex seems very high and quite fast compared to previous studies in the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, the aim of the last chapter was to identify the stock structure of the common dentex around Corsica Island, using a combination of markers that have different spatial and temporal scales of integration: microsatellite DNA markers, otolith shape analysis and parasites communities. A complex population structure around Corsican coasts has been reported, providing a new perspective on common dentex fishery stock conservation and management strategies.This thesis make a significant contribution to the knowledge of several aspects of the fisheries, biology and population structure of common dentex around Corsica Island and recommends protection measures to promote sustainable management of this important halieutic resource in Corsica.

O uso de praguicidas vem sendo a principal forma de combater os ectoparasitas dos viveiros de peixes, sendo que os mais utilizados na bacia do rio Mogi-Guaçu são o diflubenzuron (DFB), e os organofosforados paration metílico (PM) e triclorfon (TCF), cujo principal subproduto é o diclorvós (DDVP). O uso indiscriminado destas substâncias nos cultivos de peixes pode ocasionar danos aos ecossistemas aquáticos que recebem os efluentes dos tanques comprometendo a qualidade ambiental, além de representar risco aos consumidores destes pescados. Conhecer o padrão de acumulação destes praguicidas, bem como o efeito em espécies não-alvo são fundamentais para a correta gestão desta atividade. Foram analisadas quanto à presença de DFB (CLAE-DAD), PM e DDVP (CG-NPD), amostras de água, sedimentos e peixes (Oreochromis niloticus) coletadas em três pesqueiros do município de Socorro, SP (junho de 2005) e em 4 tanques experimentais (10.000 L de água, 10 cm de sedimento arenoso, localizados no CRHEA - USP, Itirapina, SP) os quais foram utilizados num experimento de simulação de tratamento contra ectoparasitas de peixes (junho a agosto de 2005). Neste caso, antes e após uma única aplicação das formulações Dimilin (1,0 g/\'M POT.3\' DFB), Folisuper (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' PM) e Neguvon (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' TCF), amostras de água sedimentos, peixes e comunidades fitoplanctônica, zooplanctônica e de macroinvertebrados bentônicos foram coletadas nos tempos zero, 5 horas, 1, 2, 5 e 7 dias após as aplicações. Não foram detectados resíduos dos praguicidas em nenhuma das amostras coletadas nos três pesqueiros do município de Socorro, SP. Foram detectados resíduos nos compartimentos e efeitos nos grupos de organismos analisados nos tanques experimentais. O DFB é persistente nos compartimentos água e sedimentos, assim como o PM o qual possui menor persistência. O DDVP não é persistente nestes compartimentos. Houve acúmulo de DFB e PM nos filés de peixes submetidos ao tratamento com Dimilin e Folisuper, respectivamente, em todos os tempos amostrados. Estes valores excederam os limites máximos recomendados para alimentos segundo o Codex Alimentarius. As aplicações dos praguicidas causaram efeitos na composição e densidade das comunidades biológicas os quais variaram em função do produto aplicado e do tempo de exposição. De maneira geral, os macroinvertebrados bentônicos foram mais sensíveis aos organofosforados, enquanto que o zooplâncton foi mais sensível ao DFB. Os cladóceros mostraram alto grau de sensibilidade para todos os praguicidas aplicados. Com relação à comunidade fitoplanctônica, aparentemente os praguicidas causaram efeitos indiretos na composição e densidade deste grupo. / The use of pesticides has been the foremost course of action to combat the ectoparasites of farmed fee fishes, in which diflubenzuron (DFB) and the organophosphates methyl parathion (PM) and trichlorfon (TRC) (witch the main sub product is dichlorvos - DDVP) are the most widely used in the Mogi-Guaçu river catchments. The indiscriminate use of such compounds on aquaculture can cause damage to the aquatic ecosystems that receive the pond\'s effluents, hence endangering environmental quality and consumer\'s health. The knowledge of understanding the environmental fate, accumulation rate, as well as their effect upon non-target species, is particularly important for the correct aquaculture management. Samples of water, sediments and fishes (Oreochromis niloticus) from three fee fishing enterprises from Socorro, SP, Brazil (June, 2005), were analyzed to verify residues of DFB (HPLC-DAD), PM and DDVP (GC-NPD). In addition, four experimental ponds (10.000 L, 10 cm of sediment, localized on CRHEA - USP, Itirapina, SP, Brazil) were used to simulate a treatment against fish ectoparasites (June to August, 2005). In this case, before and after a single application of Dimilin (1,0 g/\'M POT.3\' DFB), Folisuper (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' PM) and Neguvon (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' TCF), samples of water, sediments, fishes, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthonic macro invertebrates were collected on zero, 5 hours, 1, 2, 5 and 7 days after contamination. No pesticides residues in the samples of the three fee fishing enterprises from Socorro were detected. Pesticides residues in the compartments and effects in all of the organism groups analyzed were detected on the experimental ponds. The DFB is persistent in water and sediments, as well as the PM, which was comparatively less persistent. However, DDVP is not persistent on those compartments. There was DFB and PM accumulation on fish filets subjected to treatment with Dimilin and Folisuper, respectively, which were detected in all sampled times. These values exceed maximal level limits proposed by the Codex Alimentarius. The pesticides applications caused effects on the biological community composition and density, which varied due to the formulation applied and time exposition. Overall, the benthonic macro invertebrates were more sensitive to organophosphorates, while zooplankton were more sensitive to DFB. The cladocerans indicated high degree of sensitivity to all pesticides applied. With respect to phytoplankton, apparently, pesticides caused only indirect effects upon the composition and density of this group.

O uso de praguicidas vem sendo a principal forma de combater os ectoparasitas dos viveiros de peixes, sendo que os mais utilizados na bacia do rio Mogi-Guaçu são o diflubenzuron (DFB), e os organofosforados paration metílico (PM) e triclorfon (TCF), cujo principal subproduto é o diclorvós (DDVP). O uso indiscriminado destas substâncias nos cultivos de peixes pode ocasionar danos aos ecossistemas aquáticos que recebem os efluentes dos tanques comprometendo a qualidade ambiental, além de representar risco aos consumidores destes pescados. Conhecer o padrão de acumulação destes praguicidas, bem como o efeito em espécies não-alvo são fundamentais para a correta gestão desta atividade. Foram analisadas quanto à presença de DFB (CLAE-DAD), PM e DDVP (CG-NPD), amostras de água, sedimentos e peixes (Oreochromis niloticus) coletadas em três pesqueiros do município de Socorro, SP (junho de 2005) e em 4 tanques experimentais (10.000 L de água, 10 cm de sedimento arenoso, localizados no CRHEA - USP, Itirapina, SP) os quais foram utilizados num experimento de simulação de tratamento contra ectoparasitas de peixes (junho a agosto de 2005). Neste caso, antes e após uma única aplicação das formulações Dimilin (1,0 g/\'M POT.3\' DFB), Folisuper (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' PM) e Neguvon (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' TCF), amostras de água sedimentos, peixes e comunidades fitoplanctônica, zooplanctônica e de macroinvertebrados bentônicos foram coletadas nos tempos zero, 5 horas, 1, 2, 5 e 7 dias após as aplicações. Não foram detectados resíduos dos praguicidas em nenhuma das amostras coletadas nos três pesqueiros do município de Socorro, SP. Foram detectados resíduos nos compartimentos e efeitos nos grupos de organismos analisados nos tanques experimentais. O DFB é persistente nos compartimentos água e sedimentos, assim como o PM o qual possui menor persistência. O DDVP não é persistente nestes compartimentos. Houve acúmulo de DFB e PM nos filés de peixes submetidos ao tratamento com Dimilin e Folisuper, respectivamente, em todos os tempos amostrados. Estes valores excederam os limites máximos recomendados para alimentos segundo o Codex Alimentarius. As aplicações dos praguicidas causaram efeitos na composição e densidade das comunidades biológicas os quais variaram em função do produto aplicado e do tempo de exposição. De maneira geral, os macroinvertebrados bentônicos foram mais sensíveis aos organofosforados, enquanto que o zooplâncton foi mais sensível ao DFB. Os cladóceros mostraram alto grau de sensibilidade para todos os praguicidas aplicados. Com relação à comunidade fitoplanctônica, aparentemente os praguicidas causaram efeitos indiretos na composição e densidade deste grupo. / The use of pesticides has been the foremost course of action to combat the ectoparasites of farmed fee fishes, in which diflubenzuron (DFB) and the organophosphates methyl parathion (PM) and trichlorfon (TRC) (witch the main sub product is dichlorvos - DDVP) are the most widely used in the Mogi-Guaçu river catchments. The indiscriminate use of such compounds on aquaculture can cause damage to the aquatic ecosystems that receive the pond\'s effluents, hence endangering environmental quality and consumer\'s health. The knowledge of understanding the environmental fate, accumulation rate, as well as their effect upon non-target species, is particularly important for the correct aquaculture management. Samples of water, sediments and fishes (Oreochromis niloticus) from three fee fishing enterprises from Socorro, SP, Brazil (June, 2005), were analyzed to verify residues of DFB (HPLC-DAD), PM and DDVP (GC-NPD). In addition, four experimental ponds (10.000 L, 10 cm of sediment, localized on CRHEA - USP, Itirapina, SP, Brazil) were used to simulate a treatment against fish ectoparasites (June to August, 2005). In this case, before and after a single application of Dimilin (1,0 g/\'M POT.3\' DFB), Folisuper (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' PM) and Neguvon (0,25 g/\'M POT.3\' TCF), samples of water, sediments, fishes, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthonic macro invertebrates were collected on zero, 5 hours, 1, 2, 5 and 7 days after contamination. No pesticides residues in the samples of the three fee fishing enterprises from Socorro were detected. Pesticides residues in the compartments and effects in all of the organism groups analyzed were detected on the experimental ponds. The DFB is persistent in water and sediments, as well as the PM, which was comparatively less persistent. However, DDVP is not persistent on those compartments. There was DFB and PM accumulation on fish filets subjected to treatment with Dimilin and Folisuper, respectively, which were detected in all sampled times. These values exceed maximal level limits proposed by the Codex Alimentarius. The pesticides applications caused effects on the biological community composition and density, which varied due to the formulation applied and time exposition. Overall, the benthonic macro invertebrates were more sensitive to organophosphorates, while zooplankton were more sensitive to DFB. The cladocerans indicated high degree of sensitivity to all pesticides applied. With respect to phytoplankton, apparently, pesticides caused only indirect effects upon the composition and density of this group.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-08T21:46:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo_A_K_Sanches_2015.pdf: 549687 bytes, checksum: 929fe778e5b070a9b95892c53a4666b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T21:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo_A_K_Sanches_2015.pdf: 549687 bytes, checksum: 929fe778e5b070a9b95892c53a4666b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The development and improvement of management techniques are fundamental to conserve the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems. Recreational fishing through catch-and-release, can be used to assist management actions that seek to promote the sustainable use of fisheries resources by the reduction fishing mortality. However, this practice can cause damage to captured and released individuals, requiring that minimal mortality occurs without significant injuries to the catch-and-release be considered efficient and thus, it may be used as a tool of fishery management. For this reason it is necessary the realization of specific researches for each fish species, geographic region, applied handling and equipment used. In search of an additional alternative of management for the conservation of fish stocks and with the assumption that the use of catch-and-release be a measure applicable as a tool of management, the present study had as objective experimentally evaluate the efficiency of catch and release in Salminus brasiliensis. To this end, the mortality and the difference in growth relative to different air exposure times were evaluated, determining a safe limit that may be implemented in practice. Therefore, it was used 287 individuals of S. brasiliensis identified by implanted microchips, that were stored in a farming tank and were submitted to activity of catch-and-release. This way, it was determined that the critical time for handling the specie after capture was 546 s, from that time the probability of death is higher than 5%. Furthermore, it was observed that there were no significant changes in organic growth in caught and released individuals. Thus, the catch-and-release can be considered effective as a tool to assist the management and conservation of this specie if it is conducted properly. Additionally, it was proposed the insertion of the catch-and-release in the control of fishing, alternatives to its use, monitoring, supervision and research. / The development and improvement of management techniques are fundamental to conserve the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems. Recreational fishing through catch-and-release, can be used to assist management actions that seek to promote the sustainable use of fisheries resources by the reduction fishing mortality. However, this practice can cause damage to captured and released individuals, requiring that minimal mortality occurs without significant injuries to the catch-and-release be considered efficient and thus, it may be used as a tool of fishery management. For this reason it is necessary the realization of specific researches for each fish species, geographic region, applied handling and equipment used. In search of an additional alternative of management for the conservation of fish stocks and with the assumption that the use of catch-and-release be a measure applicable as a tool of management, the present study had as objective experimentally evaluate the efficiency of catch and release in Salminus brasiliensis. To this end, the mortality and the difference in growth relative to different air exposure times were evaluated, determining a safe limit that may be implemented in practice. Therefore, it was used 287 individuals of S. brasiliensis identified by implanted microchips, that were stored in a farming tank and were submitted to activity of catch-and-release. This way, it was determined that the critical time for handling the specie after capture was 546 s, from that time the probability of death is higher than 5%. Furthermore, it was observed that there were no significant changes in organic growth in caught and released individuals. Thus, the catch-and-release can be considered effective as a tool to assist the management and conservation of this specie if it is conducted properly. Additionally, it was proposed the insertion of the catch-and-release in the control of fishing, alternatives to its use, monitoring, supervision and research. / O desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de técnicas de manejo são fundamentais para conservar a diversidade biológica dos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. A pesca esportiva, através do pesque-e-solte, pode ser usada para auxiliar ações de manejo que buscam promover a utilização sustentável dos recursos pesqueiros, por meio da redução de mortalidade por pesca. Porém, essa prática pode causar danos aos indivíduos capturados e liberados, sendo necessário que a mortalidade seja mínima e que não ocorram injúrias significativas para que o pesque-e-solte seja considerado eficiente e, assim, possa ser considerado uma ferramenta de manejo pesqueiro. Por esse motivo se faz necessária a realização de pesquisas específicas para cada espécie de peixe, região geográfica, manipulação aplicada e equipamentos utilizados. Na busca de uma alternativa adicional de manejo para a preservação dos estoques de peixes e com o pressuposto de que a utilização do pesque-e-solte seja uma medida aplicável como uma ferramenta de manejo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, experimentalmente, a eficiência do pesque-e-solte em Salminus brasiliensis. Para esse fim, foram avaliadas a mortalidade e a diferença de crescimento em relação a distintos tempos de exposição ao ar, determinando um limite seguro que possa ser implementado na prática. Para tanto, foram utilizados 287 indivíduos de S. brasiliensis identificados por microchips, que estavam estocados em um tanque de cultivo e foram submetidos a atividade do pesque-e-solte. Deste modo, foi determinado que o tempo crítico para o manuseio da espécie após a captura é de 546 s, a partir desse ponto a probabilidade de morte é maior que 5 %. Além disto, observou-se que não ocorreram alterações significativas no crescimento orgânico dos indivíduos pescados e liberados. Assim, o pesque-e-solte pode ser considerado eficiente como uma ferramenta para auxiliar o manejo e conservação da espécie, desde que praticado corretamente. Adicionalmente, foi proposto a inserção do pesque-e-solte no controle da pesca, alternativas para sua utilização, monitoramento, fiscalização e pesquisa.

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) are increasingly sought after by recreational anglers around the world. The Florida Straits in particular are an important breeding and nursery area for North Atlantic swordfish, as well as for being historical fishing grounds for both recreational and commercial swordfish fisheries. The recreational fishery for swordfish in southeastern Florida is categorized into two historical periods. The first period started in 1977 and consists of the first tournaments in the area to specifically target swordfish. Despite high initial catches, low catch numbers forced the tournament fishery to close in 1983. During the second period of the fishery (starting in 2000 to today) the tournament fishery for swordfish has reemerged. Data from a total of 98 swordfish tournaments (17 historic, 81 current) have been collected. For comparison, information has been gathered from 72 istiophorid billfish tournaments within the modern (second) period. These data were gathered from tournament directors, websites, and personal communication with participants of the tournaments. The tournaments studied took place on the east coast of Florida from Stuart south to Key West, with a majority being held between Lighthouse Point and Islamorada in the Florida Keys. Although participation correlates to the number of catches, catch per hour (CPH) remains on a slow although not significant decrease over time. The entry fees for these modern period swordfish tournaments range from $200-600, while those for the more exclusive billfish tournaments are tenfold swordfish entry costs. Similarly, awarded prize monies of billfish tournaments are tenfold and significantly larger than prize monies for swordfish tournaments. The average weight of landed swordfish has shifted slightly in both the historic and the modern periods. Despite the oscillation of catch numbers throughout the two time periods, the weight of caught swordfish remained roughly the same. This may be from the minimum length restrictions implemented in the modern time period, a regulation which did not exist during the tournaments of the historic period.

No description available.

This investigation indicates that there are regions within Europe that seems to have similar preferences and priorities regarding pike angling travels to Sweden. Swedish pike angling facilities process in first hand markets with favourable economic circumstances and a cultural interest for pike angling. There was a big differences in features between the Northern, Western, Eastern and Southern regions of Europe. They also seems to be tied to specific regions within some of the nations. The regions have diverse requirements and distinguish in terms of consumption and preferences regarding different aspects of pike angling. From there it is possible to divide pike angling tourists into segments. Sometimes the identified regions have economic or cultural linkage, consequently parallels can be drawn to research in the field of international marketing. The North European market for pike angling tourism in Sweden is varying where the English and Baltic states is more frequently processed than the domestic market. Markets outside of the Nordic countries were the most important among the pike angling facilities, standing for approximately 90 % of the businesses. In this Investigation two segments were observed in countries with in general weaker economic circumstances. Usually these countries had a budget concentrated consumption but also elements of a more luxurious consumption pattern. These countries were located in Eastern Europe. Angling tourists from Western Europe have in general more purchase power and constitute the most important markets for the Swedish pike angling facilities. Tourists from Western Europe are by tradition the most frequent visitors. The economic situation in the Southern Europe together with lack of cultural interest for pike angling seems to be an explanation for the low activity in processing of these markets. The only exception is the Italian market which on a regional level is more frequently processed among the Swedish pike angling facilities. In this investigation, markets from 17 Swedish pike angling facilities were mapped by the frequency of process through phone surveys. Characteristics of the companies were either profiled businesses towards pike angling or had a strong dependence on resource of pike in their business. Tour operators from 11 countries who offers packaged travels to the facilities were also interviewed through phone surveys. The facilities together with the tour operators identified some economic preferences and cultural differences between some nations and regions. For better background data about the interest for pike in Europe 6 angling associations answered an e-mail survey. The investigation also includes an interview with one of the pioneers and former vice president for one of the most successful pike angling facilities in Sweden. Selection of facilities, concepts and parameters is inspired by the authorities’ publications in the field of angling tourism. Also advices from the national angling project (SwedenFishing) have inspired parts of this thesis. / Utredningen indikerar att det finns regioner i Europa som har liknande preferenser och prioriteringar när de reser för att fiska gädda i Sverige. De svenska gäddfiskeanläggningarna bearbetar framför allt marknader som har gynnsamma förhållanden i ekonomiska förutsättningar och kulturellt intresse för gäddfiske. Det fanns stora skillnader i egenskaper av regionerna som kan delas in i Nord-, Väst-, Öst- och Sydeuropa. Dessa visade sig även vara bundet till vissa regioner inom nationerna. De olika regionerna har olika behov och utmärker sig olika i sin konsumtion och preferenser när det gäller aspekter av gäddfiske. Därefter går det att dela in gäddfisketurismen i olika segment. Regionerna har ibland ekonomiska och kulturella samband vilket paralleller kan dras till forskning inom internationell marknadsföring. Den Nordeuropeiska marknaden för gäddfisketurism får anses vara varierande där England samt de baltiska staterna bearbetades mer frekvent än den svenska marknaden. De utomnordiska marknaderna var de klart mest betydelsefulla bland anläggningarna med en ungefärlig andel på 90 % av verksamheten. I utredningen uppmärksammades två segment i länder med generellt svagare ekonomiska förutsättningar, de hade mestadels en budgetinriktad konsumtion med inslag av lyxkonsumtion, dessa var framförallt länder i Östeuropa. Generellt är turisterna från Västeuropa mer köpkraftiga och utgör de viktigaste marknaderna för de svenska gäddfiskeanläggningarna, de är också av tradition de mest frekvent besökande. Den ekonomiska situationen i Sydeuropa tillsammans med avsaknad av kulturellt intresse för gäddfiske verkar vara förklaringen till den låga aktiviteten i bearbetningen av dessa marknader. Det enda undantaget är den Italienska marknaden där den lokalt bearbetas i större utsträckning av svenska gäddfiskeanläggningar.   I utredningen kartlades marknaderna som 17 svenska gäddfiskeanläggningarna bearbetar genom en telefonenkät. De var oftast profilerade eller var starkt beroende av gäddresursen i sin verksamhet. Även reseoperatörer från 11 olika länder som säljer paketerade resor till dessa anläggningar intervjuades genom en telefonenkät. För att få en bättre bakgrundsdata om intresset för gäddfiske besvarades även en mailenkät av 6 lobbyorganisationer för sportfiske. Utredningen omfattar även en intervju med en av pionjärerna och tidigare VD för en av de framgångsrikaste gäddfiskeanläggningarna. Urval, begrepp samt parametrar är inspirerade av myndigheternas publikationer i ämnet. Även råd från det nationella fiskeprojektet i Sverige (SwedenFishing) har gett inspiration till delar av uppsatsen.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Os robalos sÃo peixes muito apreciados pelo pÃblico consumidor de pescado e pelos pescadores amadores, pois possuem carne de excelente qualidade e proporcionam grande combatividade quando capturados com linha. Tais caracterÃsticas tornam este grupo de peixes alvo de distintos usuÃrios, finalidades e necessidades (pesca comercial e pesca amadora), que aliadas à perda de parte do habitat (manguezais) indicam sua fragilidade. Nos Ãltimos anos, uma reduÃÃo nas capturas de robalo-peva (Centropomus parallelus) vem sendo sugerida pelos pescadores amadores e artesanais no litoral do ParanÃ. Na ausÃncia de estatÃsticas pesqueiras que possibilitassem investigar a suposta deplecÃÃo deste recurso, o presente trabalho buscou realizar uma avaliaÃÃo preliminar deste estoque, fundamentada no acompanhamento de campeonatos de pesca esportiva e no estudo do crescimento da espÃcie. Os dados foram obtidos atravÃs do acompanhamento das capturas de 9 torneios de pesca esportiva, direcionados Ãs espÃcies C. parallelus e Centropomus undecimalis, realizados pela Liga Paranaense de Pesca Esportiva (LPPE), entre novembro de 2005 e setembro de 2007, nos estuÃrios BaÃa de Paranaguà e BaÃa de Guaratuba (25 44â S e 48 22â W). Foram registrados 3.290 exemplares de C. parallelus, com comprimentos totais compreendidos entre 10,00 e 69,00 cm e 158 exemplares de C. undecimalis, com comprimentos entre 14,00 e 68,00 cm. A forte dominÃncia especÃfica (>95%) justificou a Ãnfase deste trabalho sobre C. parallelus. A relaÃÃo pesocomprimento indicou desenvolvimento somÃtico isomÃtrico para as duas espÃcies. A mÃdia da Captura por Unidade de EsforÃo (CPUE) foi estimada em 0,977 exemplar/embarcaÃÃo/hora e 0,328 Kg/embarcaÃÃo/ hora. Para o estudo do crescimento, foram abatidos somente 159 exemplares para a extraÃÃo dos otÃlitos sagittae, todos os demais exemplares registrados (3290), foram soltos dentro das regras de pesque-e-solte exigidas pela LPPE. A partir da anÃlise da macroestrutura dos otÃlitos, foram estimados os parÃmetros de crescimento de von Bertalanffy atravÃs de distintas metodologias de retrocÃlculo (Fraser-Lee, BPH linear, SPH linear, BPH potencial e SPH potencial) e de ajuste da curva de crescimento (Ford-Walford e rotina eletrÃnica). Os parÃmetros mais adequados aos conhecimentos anteriores sobre a biologia da espÃcie foram K= 0,13, L = 79,0 cm e t0 = 0. A anÃlise das freqÃÃncias de comprimento (ELEFAN I) corroborou com as estimativas de crescimento obtidas pela anÃlise dos otÃlitos. A longevidade (tmÃx) e o coeficiente de mortalidade natural (M) foram estimados em 23 anos e 0, 33, respectivamente. O comprimento e a idade Ãtimos de captura correspondem a Lotimo = 43.0 cm e tÃtima = 6 anos. Para os comprimentos entre 38,0 cm (5 anos) e 47,0 cm (7 anos), tambÃm foram encontrados valores elevados de biomassa relativa, em torno de 95% da biomassa mÃxima possÃvel. Na avaliaÃÃo preliminar do estoque de C. parallelus no litoral do ParanÃ, realizada atravÃs da anÃlise da composiÃÃo em comprimentos e da estrutura etÃria das capturas registradas nos campeonatos de pesca esportiva, foi constatada a ocorrÃncia de sobrepesca de crescimento, ou seja, a captura de grande quantidade de juvenis e poucos exemplares adultos (>35,0 cm), caracterizando um desequilÃbrio na estrutura etÃria da populaÃÃo / The snooks are fishes very appreciated food item by fish consumers and recreational fishermen, for they are endowed with a high quality flesh and put up a fierce fight when captured with line-and-hook. Such characteristics make this taxon a target for a host of users, objectives and needs (commercial and recreational fishing) which, together with loss of habitat space (mangroves), attest to its fragility. Over the recent years, a catch reduction of the fat snook, Centropomus parallelus, has been implied by recreational and artisanal fishermen of Paranà State. For lack of fishery statistics that would enable the investigation of this telltale resource depletion, the present research work endeavored to carry out a preliminary stock assessment based on the survey of recreational fishing tournaments and on the study of that speciesâ growth. The database was gathered by controlling the catches of nine of the mentioned tournaments, having C. parallelus and Centropomus undecimalis as target species, organized by the Paranà State Recreational Fishing League (LPPE), from November, 2005 to September, 2007 in the estuaries of Paranaguà Bay and Guaratuba Bay (25o441S â 48o22âW). A total of 3,290 specimens of C. parallelus were sampled for their total length ranging from 10.0 to 69.0 cm and of 158 specimens of C.undecimalis in the range of 14,0 â 68,0 cm. The strong specific dominance of over 95% justified the emphasis of this investigation on the fat snook. The weight-length relationship showed an isometric somatic development for the two species. The mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) was estimated as 0.977 individuals per hour and 0,328 kg per hour. For the growth studies, only 159 specimens were submitted to the extraction of sagittae otoliths, while all the others were released according to the catch-and-release rules required by the LPPE. Based on the analysis of otolithsâs microstructure, the von Bertallnafy growth parameters were estimated by means of different backcalculation methods (Fraser-Lee, linear BPH, linear SPH, and potential BPH and SPH) and fiting of the growth curve (Ford-Walford and electronic routine). The most adequate growth parameters in the speciesâ population dynamics were K = 0.13, L = 79.0 cm and t0 = 0. The ELEFAN I technique has borne out the estimates arrived at through the length-at-age analysis. The longevity and the natural mortality coefficient were estimated as 23 years and 0.33, respectively. The average values of optimum catch length and age correspond to Lopt = 43.0 cm and topt = 6 years. About 95% of the maximum biomass were found to occur in the range from 38.0 cm (5 years) to 47.0 cm (7 years). The preliminary stock assessment of C. parallelus on the Paranà State coast, carried out by means of length composition analysis and age structure of the stock reported by recreational fishing tournaments, indicated the occurrence of growth overfishing, that is, large numbers of juveniles and few adult (>35.0 cm) specimens are captured, what characterizes an age-related unbalanced population