In this thesis, the properties of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in low dimensions are reviewed. Three dimensional weakly interacting Bose systems are examined by the variational method. The effects of both the attractive and the repulsive interatomic forces are studied. Thomas-Fermi approximation is applied to find the ground state energy and the chemical potential. The occurrence of the BEC in low dimensional systems, is studied for ideal gases confined by both harmonic and power-law potentials. The properties of BEC in highly anisotropic trap are investigated and the conditions for reduced dimensionality are derived.

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo comparativo do desempenho de três topologias de conversores do sistema monofásico para o sistema trifásico com número reduzido de componentes, para o acionamento de um motor de indução do tipo rotor gaiola de esquilo. O funcionamento de cada topologia é descrito e simulado digitalmente. O desempenho desses conversores é avaliado em diferentes modos de operação, com sequência de fase positiva ou negativa, com ênfase na qualidade de energia em termos de redução da distorção harmônica total e da melhoria do fator de potência na fonte. Com vistas à redução de custos, foi desenvolvido um protótipo experimental baseado no uso de módulo integrado de chaves semicondutoras de potência e de um microcontrolador de baixo custo. Os resultados experimentais se equiparam aos resultados obtidos por simulação. / This work presents the comparative performance of three topologies of single-phase to three-phase converters with reduced number of components while driving an induction motor of type squirrel-cage. The operation of each topology is described by means of simulation results. The performance of these converters is evaluated in different modes of operation, according to the positive or negative sequence, with an emphasis on power quality in terms of reduced total harmonic distortion and improved power factor at the input source. With a viewpoint for achieving reduced costs, an experimental prototype has been developed, based on the use of integrated module of power semiconductor switches and a cheap microcontroller. Experimental results comparable to those obtained by simulations are obtained.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Selection of potato clones might be done during spring and autumn grown seasons of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). These grown seasons have contrasting conditions of temperature, photoperiod and solar irradiation, which may affect tuber dormancy and chip processing quality. The objectives of this work were to identify potato clones with short dormancy, high chip quality and adaptation to spring and autumn grown conditions of RS. Tubers of 21 clones were produced during spring 2006 and autumn 2007. Tubers were left 15 days for healing, stored at 10ºC and 20ºC and evaluated. Dormancy evaluation was based upon percentage of sprouted tubers, number of sprouts per tuber, period (days) to 80% of sprouted tubers and fresh weight loss. Chip quality was evaluated as reduced sugars, dry mass, starch and amylase contents and chip color. All evaluations were done at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage. Different group of clones were selected considering spring and autumn conditions, but SMA508-2, SMA508-4 and SMA519-1 had good performance in both seasons. Tubers produced during autumn season showed higher dormancy period and lower dry mass and starch contents than those of spring season. Storage temperature affected tuber quality and dormancy period. Tubers produced during autumn season and stored at 10oC had higher reduced sugars and lower amylase than those of spring season; however, tubers produced during spring season had lower dry matter and darker chips. The storage temperature of 10oC reduced the percentage of sprouted tubers and fresh weight losses of both grown seasons. Clonal selection depended upon storage temperature and the clone SMA519-1 had the best combination of chip quality traits in both season and storage temperature conditions. Tubers produced during spring season and stored at 10oC resulted in the highest selection gain for processing quality, but selection gain for short dormancy was maximized when tubers were produced during autumn season. / A seleção de clones de batata pode ser realizada nos cultivos de primavera e outono no Rio Grande do Sul. Esses dois cultivos apresentam condições contrastantes de temperatura, fotoperíodo e radiação solar, o que pode alterar o período de dormência e a qualidade de processamento dos tubérculos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram selecionar clones de batata de curta dormência e alta qualidade de processamento na forma de chips, adaptados as condições de cultivo de primavera e outono do Rio Grande do Sul. Tubérculos de 21 clones produzidos durante a primavera de 2006 e outono de 2007 e armazenados a 10ºC e 20ºC foram avaliados para dormência e qualidade de processamento. A avaliação da dormência foi realizada pela porcentagem de tubérculos brotados, o número de brotos por tubérculo, o número de dias até 80% de tubérculos brotados e a perda de massa fresca. A qualidade de processamento foi avaliada a partir das determinações de açúcares redutores, matéria seca, amido, amilose e coloração dos chips. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas aos 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o período da cura dos tubérculos. Foram selecionados grupos distintos de clones na primavera e no outono, porém os clones SMA508-2, SMA508-4 e SMA519-1 foram superiores em ambos os cultivos. Tubérculos produzidos durante o outono apresentaram maior período de dormência e menores teores de matéria seca e amido. A temperatura de armazenamento afetou a qualidade pós-colheita dos tubérculos e o período de dormência. Tubérculos produzidos no outono e armazenados a 10ºC apresentaram maiores teores de açúcares redutores e redução dos teores de amilose, porém quando produzidos na primavera apresentaram menor teor de matéria seca e escurescimento dos chips. Essa temperatura de armazenamento foi eficiente em diminuir a porcentagem de tubérculos brotados e a perda de massa fresca em ambos os cultivos. A temperatura de armazenamento afetou a seleção de clones, sendo que o clone SMA519-1 combinou o maior percentual de caracteres de qualidade em ambas as temperaturas de armazenamento e épocas de cultivo. Tubérculos produzidos na primavera e armazenados a 10ºC proporcionaram os maiores ganhos indiretos de seleção para os caracteres de qualidade de procesamento, no entanto, os maiores ganhos de seleção para curta dormência foram obtidos quando os tubérculos foram produzidos durante o outono.

O Pará é o estado Amazônico mais visado pela atividade madeireira. Possui a maior gama de serrarias da Amazônia, e produze mais de 50% da madeira em tora do Brasil. A zona Leste do Estado é a responsável por 45% da produção de madeira em tora. Nessa zona se localiza o município de Paragominas, onde o 56% da população urbana depende diretamente da indústria madeireira para sua subsistência. Esta região faz parte da chamada área de endemismo Belém, cuja perda de floresta nativa é de 67,48% devido ao desmatamento. Historicamente as explorações madeireiras foram desenvolvidas com técnicas convencionais, que produzem danos tanto na floresta quanto no solo, e com impactos diretos sobre a fauna que depende da floresta. Na última década estabeleceram-se uma série de diretrizes técnicas para promover o manejo florestal em florestas de terra firme da Amazônia Brasileira, recomendadas pelo Conselho de Manejo Florestal (FSC) para todas as operações de exploração em florestas nativas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do manejo florestal, incluída a exploração de impacto reduzido, em áreas exploradas em diferentes temporadas (1997, 2000, 2003, 2006 e 2009) e uma área não explorada sob a comunidade de aves, comparando a riqueza, abundância de espécies e de grupos funcionais e outros grupos ecológicos vulneráveis a distúrbios naturais e antrópicos. As aves foram usadas neste estudo devido à sua importância nos processos ecológicos da floresta como polinização, e dispersão e predação de sementes. As amostragens de campo foram feitas na temporada de seca (outubro de 2010) e chuva (abril de 2011) mediante observação direta por pontos fixos em seis transectos de 1 km de distância, com pontos marcados a cada 200 m, e distância de 150 m entre transectos, para um total de 36 pontos por área de manejo florestal. A análise das informações coletadas em campo mostra que: a) registraram-se 235 espécies entre as áreas de manejo florestal; b) existem diferenças significativas de riqueza de espécies entre a as áreas de manejo florestal e entre as temporadas de amostragem; c) a área de manejo florestal com maior riqueza de espécies e abundância de grupos funcionais foi a área explorada em 2000, contraste evidenciado com a área não explorada que teve a menor riqueza e abundâncias de grupos funcionais; d) As espécies do interior da floresta, espécies que requerem de cavidades de árvores para ninho e os grupos funcionais insetívoros (seguidores de formigas), insetívoros de sub-bosque e nectarívoros-insetívoros de sub-bosque foram os grupos cológicos mais afetados pelo manejo florestal, especialmente na área não explorada que teve atividades de pré-exploração e a área explorada em 2003 que foi afetada por distúrbios naturais antes da amostragem de campo; e) os grupos que se viram afetados pelas atividades de manejo florestal podem e devem ser usados como indicadores em programas de monitoramento durante as etapas de manejo florestal, principalmente as etapas de pré-exploração, exploração e pós-exploração, na área de manejo florestal Rio Capim. / Para is the most important state from the Amazon region in wood activities. It has the greatest sawmill of the region and produce more than 50% of the Brazilian wood. The Easte zone of the State is responsible of the 45% of wood production. In this zone is located Paragominas, a town where 56% of the urban human population depends directly on the wood industries to survive. This town is into the endemism area called Belem, whose forest loss is almost 67,48%. Historically wood explorations were made with conventional techniques that produced damages in the forest structure and into the soil, and have direct impacts on the forest fauna. In the last ten years they were established some technique guidelines to promove forest management in terra firme forests of the Brazilian Amazon, recommended by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to all the exploration activities in native forests. The principal aim of this study was to assess the effects of forest management, including reduced impact logging, in areas that were logged in different seasons (1997, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009) and an unlogged area, on the community of birds, comparing richness, species and guilds abundance, and other ecological groups that are vulneravel to the natural and antropic disturbances. Birds were used because of its importance in forest ecological process like pollination, and seed dispersion and predation. Fieldwork was made in dry season (October 2010) and rain season (abril 2011) by direct observations in pointcounts into 1 km transects; six transects were sampled with pointcounts at each 200 m with a total of 36 pointcounts per area. Information analysis demonstrate that: a) were registered 235 species into the all six forest management areas; b) there were significative differences in species richness between forest management areas and sampled seasons; c) species richness and guild abundances had their major value in the area logged in 2000, contrasting with the unlogged area that had lower values in this items; d) species of the forest interior, cavity nesters, and understorey ant follower insectivores, insectivores and nectarivores were the most affected ecological groups by the forest management, specially in the unlogged area that had pre-logged activities and the area logged in 2003 that was affected by natural disturbances before fieldwork; e) Ecological groups named above that were the most affected by the forest management could and should be used as indicators in monitoring programs during the forest management steps, principally pre-logging, logging and pós-loggingin the Rio Capim Forest Management Area.

As florestas desempenham funções econômicas, ecológicas e sociais insubstituíveis, e muito se especula e experimenta sobre a possibilidade desses recursos poderem simultaneamente gerar renda e serem conservados por meio de técnicas de exploração de impacto reduzido. No Brasil, um novo marco regulatório foi estabelecido em 2006 para ordenar o manejo de florestas públicas e os processos de concessões dessas áreas para o setor privado. Todavia, ainda não se observa redução significativa na dinâmica predatória e ilegal de exploração dessas florestas naturais, principalmente em biomas como o Amazônico. Este trabalho descreve o processo de estabelecimento e execução de um plano de manejo, os gargalos do processo e a avaliação econômica de um projeto no estado de Rondônia. A avaliação utilizou a simulação Monte Carlo e indicadores financeiros para avaliar, sob condições de aleatoriedade, o desempenho econômico do referido projeto. Conceitos baseados no valor presente líquido e na taxa interna de retorno foram aplicados para avaliar esse desempenho. Os resultados mostraram que a exploração de impacto reduzido e a venda de toras para serrarias no estado de Rondônia é viável técnica e economicamente. Em uma área de 560ha de manejo anuais e com um investimento de aproximadamente R$ 800.000,00 no início do projeto é possível obter lucro anual de R$ 150.000,00 a R$ 300.000,00 já a partir do terceiro ano. A simulação Monte Carlo mostrou que há 90% de probabilidade que o projeto tenha uma TIR maior que 13,80%. / Forests have economic, ecological and social irreplaceable functions, and much is speculated and investigated about the possibility of these resources simultaneously generate income and be preserved by means of reduced impact logging. In Brazil, a new regulatory framework was established in 2006 to regulate the management of public forests and the processes of concessions in these areas to the private sector. Since then no significant reduction in the dynamics of predatory and illegal exploitation of these natural forests has been observed yet, particularly in biomes like the Amazon. This paper describes the process of submitting and implementing a forest management plan, refers to obstacles of the process and presents an economic evaluation of a real project in Rondônia state. The economic evaluation used Monte Carlo simulation and financial indicators to assess, under conditions of randomness, the economic performance of the project. Concepts based on net present value and internal rate were applied to evaluate the economic performance. Results have shown that reduced-impact logging and the sale of logs to local sawmills in the state of Rondônia is technically and economically feasible. Harvests in an area of 560 hectares and an initial investment of approximately $ 800,000.00 at the beginning of the project resulted in net revenues in between R$ 150.000,00 and R$ 300,000.00 at the beginning of the third year. Monte Carlo simulation showed that there is a 90% probability that the project has an IRR greater than 13.80%.

La réalisation par des procédés robotisés de pièces composites à destination, notamment, de l’aéronautique vise à en augmenter la productivité. Cependant le Placement de Fibres Robotisé (PFR) est encore en phase de maturation et requiert de nombreux développements, en particulier dans le cas des composites à matrice thermoplastique ou à fibre sèche. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons différents outils qui permettent in fine de déterminer à l’avance la meilleure puissance de chauffe pour la mise en œuvre de ces composites. La difficulté réside dans le fait que cette puissance dépend de nombreux paramètres, non seulement au niveau de la matière utilisée (densité, chaleur spécifique. . .), mais encore au niveau du procédé lui-même (vitesse de déplacement, nombre et orientation des plis. . .). Nous avons construit un modèle réduit multi-paramétrique en utilisant la technique appelée Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD). Les résultats ont été confrontés à ceux obtenus par des méthodes plus conventionnelles et aussi à des données expérimentales. / Realising composite parts mainly dedicated to aeronautics sector by robotised processes tends to increase productivity. However, Automated Tape Placement (ATP) is still in ripening stage and requires various developments, particularly in case of thermoplastic composites or dry fibres. In this manuscript, we propose different tools allowing to determine in advance the best heating power to drape composite fibres. Difficulty arises from dependence on many parameters, from material (density, specific heat) or from process itself (velocity, number and orientation of plies). Therefore we construct a multi-parametric reduced order model using the so called Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD). Results have been faced to those obtained from more conventional methods but also to experimental data.

When materials approach the size of few nanometers, they show properties which are significantly different from their bulk counterpart. Such unique/improved properties make them potential candidate for several emerging applications. At the reduced dimension, controlling the shape of nanocrystals provides an effective way to tune several material properties. In this regard, wet chemical synthesis has been established as the ultimate route to synthesize nanocrystals at ultra-small dimensions with excellent control over the morphology. However, the use of surfactant poses a barrier into efficient realization of its application as it requires a clean interface for better performance. Exercise of available cleaning protocols to clean the surface often leads to coarsening of the nanoparticles due to their inherent high surface curvature. For anisotropic nanomaterials, rounding of the shape is an additional problem. Anchoring nanomaterials onto substrates provides an easy way to impart stability. In this thesis, ultrathin Au nanowires, that are inherently unstable, have been shown to grow over a wide variety of substrates by in-situ functionalization. Use of nanomaterials as device component holds promise into miniaturization of electronics. But device fabrication in such cases require manipulation of nanomaterials with enhanced control. Dielectrophoresis offers an easy way to assemble nanomaterials in between contact pads and hence evolved as a promising tool to fabricate device with a good level of precision. Herein, directed assembly of ultrathin Au nanowires by dielectrophoresis, has been shown as an efficient strategy to fabricate devices based on the wires. Combining more than one nanocrystal, to form a heterostructure, often has the advantage of synergism and/or multifunctionality. Therefore, synthesis of heterostructure is highly useful in enhancing and/or adding functionalities to nanomaterials. There are several routes available in literature for synthesis of heterostructures. Newer strategies are being evolved to further improve performance in an application specific way. In that regard, a good understanding of mechanism of formation is crucial to form the desired product with the required functionality. For example, Au due to high electron affinity has been known to undergo reduction rather than cation exchange with chalcogenides. In this thesis, it has been shown that the final product depends on the delicate balance of reaction conditions and the system under study using CdS-Au as the model system. In yet another case, PdO nanotubes have been shown to form, on reaction of PdCl2 with ZnO at higher starting ratio of the precursors. In-situ generation of HCl provides an effective handle for tuning of the product from the commonly expected hybrid to hollow. Graphene has evolved as a wonder material due to its wide range of practical applications. Its superior conductivity with high flexibility has made it an important material in the field of nanoelectronics. In this thesis, an interesting case of packed crumpled graphene has been shown to sense a wide variety of strain/pressure which has applications in day to day life. The study reported in the thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 1 presents a general introduction to nanomaterials followed by the review of the available strategies to synthesize various 1D nanomaterials. Subsequently, a section on the classification of hybrid followed by the different synthetic protocols adopted in literature to synthesize them, have been provided. A review on the available methodologies for directed assembly of nanomaterials has been presented. Chapter 2 provides a summary of the materials synthesized and the techniques used for characterization of the materials. A brief description of all the synthetic strategy adopted has been provided. The basic principle of all the characterization techniques used, has been explained. A section explaining the principle of dielectrophoresis has also been presented. Chapter 3 presents a general method to grow ultrathin Au nanowires over a variety of substrates with different nature, topography and rigidity/flexibility. Ultrathin nanowires of Au (~2 nm in diameter) are potentially useful for various catalytic, plasmonic and device applications. Extreme fragility on polar solvent cleaning was a limitation in realizing the applications. Direct growth onto substrate was an alternative but poor interfacial energy of Au with most commercial substrates lead to poor coverage. In this chapter, in-situ functionalization of the substrates have been shown to improve Au nucleation dramatically which lead to growth of dense, networked nanowires over large area. Catalysis and lithography-free device fabrication has been demonstrated. Using the same concept of functionalization, SiO2 coating of the nanowires have been shown. A comparative study of thermal stability of these ultrafine Au nanowires in the uncoated and coated form, has been presented. Chapter 4 demonstrates an ultrafast device fabrication strategy with Au nanowires using dielectrophoresis. While dense growth of Au nanowires is beneficial for some applications, it is not so for some others. For example, miniaturization of electronics require large number of devices in a small area. Therefore, there is a need for methods to manipulate nanowires so as to place them in the desired location for successful fabrication of device with them. In this chapter, dielectrophoresis has been used for assembling nanowires in between and at the sides of the contact pads. Alignment under different conditions lead to an understanding of the forces. Fabrication of a large number of devices in a single experiment has been demonstrated. Chapter 5 presents a simple route to synthesize CdS-Au2Sx hybrid as a result of cation-exchange predominantly. Au due to high electron affinity has been shown in literature to undergo reduction rather than cation exchange with CdS. In this chapter, it has been shown that cation exchange may be a dominant product. The competition between cation exchange and reduction in the case of CdS-Au system has been studied using EDS, XRD, XPS and TEM. Thermodynamic calculation along with kinetic analysis show that the process may depend on a delicate balance of reaction conditions and the system under study. The methodology adopted, is general and may be applied to other systems. Chapter 6 presents an one pot, ultrafast microwave route to synthesize PdO hollow/hybrid nanomaterials. The common strategy to synthesize hollow nanomaterials had been by nucleation of the shell material on the core and subsequent dissolution of the core. In this chapter, a one step method to synthesize hollow PdO nanotubes, using ZnO nanorods as sacrificial template, has been shown. By tuning the ratio of the PdCl2 (PdO precursor) to ZnO, ZnO-PdO hybrid could be obtained using the same method. The PdO nanotubes synthesized could be converted to Pd nanotubes by NaBH4 treatment. Study of thermal stability of the PdO nanotubes has been carried out. Chapter 7 demonstrates a simple strategy to sense a variety of strain/pressure with taped crumpled graphene. Detection of ultralow strain (10-3) with high gauge factor is challenging and poorly addressed in literature. Taped crumpled graphene has been shown to detect such low strain with high gauge factor (> 4000). An ultra-fast switching time of 20.4 ms has been documented in detection of dynamic strain of frequency 49 Hz. An excellent cyclic stability for >7000 cycles has been demonstrated. The same device could be used to detect gentle pressure pulses with consistency. Slight modification of the device configuration enabled detection of high pressure. Simplicity of the device fabrication allowed fabrication of the device onto stick labels which could be pasted on any surface, for instance, floor. Hard pressing, stamping with feet and hammering shocks do not alter the base resistance of the device, indicating that it is extremely robust. Sealed arrangement of the graphene allowed operation of the device under water in detection of water pressure. Presence of trapped air underneath the tape enabled detection of air pressure both below and above atmospheric pressure.

Resumo: Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito do sombreamento artificial e da pintura dos telhados na melhoria do conforto térmico de modelos reduzidos simulando galpões avícolas. Em todos os experimentos foram utilizadas coberturas com telha de fibrocimento, novas, sem cimento amianto, com 4,0mm de espessura. O Experimento 1 foi realizado na Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), câmpus de São Luís, onde foram testados cinco tipos de coberturas: 1- sem tela, sem pintura (STSP - controle); 2- com tela a 0,05m de altura da telha, sem pintura (CT5SP); 3- com tela a 0,05m de altura da telha, com pintura (CT5CP); 4- com tela a 0,08m de altura da telha, sem pintura (CT8SP) e 5- com tela a 0,08m de altura da telha, com pintura (CT8CP). Foram determinados o Índice de Temperatura de Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), a Carga Térmica de Radiação (CTR) e a Entalpia Específica (H). As colheitas das variáveis meteorológicas (temperaturas de globo negro, de bulbo seco, de bulbo úmido e velocidade do vento) foram realizadas durante 12 dias experimentais (04 a 15 de nov. de 2009) às 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 e 16:00 horas. O tipo de cobertura CT5SP foi o que apresentou os melhores valores para ITGUcorr (79,81) e H (78,84 KJ.Kg-1 de ar seco). O melhor resultado para CTRcorr foi apresentado pelo tratamento CT5CP (480,12 W.m-2). O Experimento 2 foi realizado na Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), câmpus de Jaboticabal, onde foram testados os mesmos tipos de coberturas do Experimento 1. As colheitas e registro das variáveis meteorológicas foram realizadas por 40 dias (13 de fev. a 24 de mar. de 2010), nos mesmos horários do Experimento 1. O tipo cobertura que proporcionou menor resultado para o ITGU (83,86) e H (86,41 KJ.Kg-1 de ar seco) foi o CT8CP. A menor CTR (549,52 W.m-2) foi verificada na cobertura CT5CP. O Experimento 3 objetivou verificar o efeito de dois tipos de telas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Four experiments were conducted to assess the effect of shading and painting of roofs improving thermal comfort in reduced models of poultry houses. In all the experiments were used with roofing cement tile, new, no asbestos cement, with 4.0 mm thick. The first experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), campus of São Luís, where were tested five types of coverage: 1 - no shading, no paint (STSP - control), 2 - with shading 0.05 m in height tile, unpainted (CT5SP) 3 - with shading 0.05 m in height tile with painting (CT5CP) 4 - with shading 0.08 m in height tile, unpainted (CT8SP) and 5 - with shading 0.08 m height of the tile with painting (CT8CP). Were evaluated the index of black globe temperature and humidity (BGTHI), the Heat Load (HL) and the specific enthalpy (H). The readings of meteorological variables (black globe temperature, dry bulb, wet bulb temperatures and wind speed) were measured during 12 experimental days (from nov. 4th to 15th, 2009) at 10:00, 12:00, 14: 00 and 16:00 hours. The type of coverage CT5SP had the lowest values for BGTHI (79,81) and H (78,84 KJ.Kg-1 dry air). The best result for CTRcorr (480,12 W.m-2) was presented by treatment CT5CP. The second experiment was conducted at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), campus of Jaboticabal, where were tested the same types of coverages of Experiment 1. The collection and recording of meteorological variables were performed for 40 days (from feb. 13th to 24th, 2010), at the same times of Experiment 1. The type coverage that provided smaller results for the BGTHI (83,86) and H (86,41 KJ.Kg-1 dry air) was CT8CP. The lower HL (549,52 W.m-2) was verified with the coverage CT5CP. The third experiment aimed at assessing the effect of two types of shading screens (50 and 80%) on the thermal comfort... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Renato Luís Furlan / Coorientador: Adhemar Pitelli Milani / Banca: Euclides Braga Malheiros / Banca: José Eduardo Pitelli Turco / Banca: Iran José Oliveira da Silva / Banca: Francisca Neide Costa / Doutor

De nouveaux outils de modélisation permettant de contribuer au développement de véhicules silencieux sont développés. Ils sont fondes sur des modèles continus de propagation d'ondes en milieux poro- et viscoélastiques. Par l'exploitation des spécificités géométriques des éléments étudiés, les temps de calculs associes peuvent être grandement améliorés par rapport a l'utilisation de modélisations plus traditionnelles. Ainsi, l'utilisation de fonctions analytiques pré-déterminées pour une ou deux directions permet de réduire la dimension spatiale du problème numérique restant a résoudre. Cette réduction de dimension spatiale est introduite pour deux configurations privilégiées. Premièrement, elle est appliquée a la propagation d'ondes au sein de cylindres creux, infiniment longs, et homogènes, ou guides d'onde, en matériau viscoélastique. Les solutions obtenues en termes d'ondes sont ensuite utilisées afin de modéliser des amortisseurs de vibration en caoutchouc, de longueur finie, en faisant correspondre les modes aux conditions limites radiales du problème. Dans un deuxième temps, une méthode de réduction de la dimension spatiale du problème est appliquée a la modélisation des tructures multicouches avec symétrie de révolution, composées de domaines poro-élastiques, élastiques et fluides. En utilisant une décomposition en série harmonique de la dépendance spatiale azimutale,le problème d'origine, en trois dimensions, est décomposé en plusieurs petits problèmes de deux dimensions, réduisant radicalement le coût en temps de calcul. De plus, par une méthode mixte alliant mesures et méthodes numériques, les caractéristiques d'un amortisseur visqueux de poids lourd sont déterminées, dans le domaine fréquentiel audible, illustrant l'influence des coussinets en caoutchouc au niveau des attaches avec les pièces voisines. Les approches de modélisation présentées dans cette thèse ont pour but de contribuer aux outils de conception de véhicules nouveaux, intégrant de nouvelles technologies permettant de s'inscrire dans l'objectif de produire des véhicules durables. Tout particulièrement, ces outils ont pour objectif l'amélioration de la modélisation des vibrations et nuisances sonores, qui sont souvent pénalisés lors de la conception de nouveaux concepts de véhicules durables. / New modelling tools intended to contribute to the development of components for quieter vehicles are developed. The tools are based on continuum models for wave propagation in poro– and visco–elastic media. By using geometric attributes of the studied components, the computational cost may be radically decreased compared to traditional methods. By assigning known analytical functions for one or two of the spatial directions, the spatial dimension of the remaining numerical problem is reduced. This reduction of spatial dimensions is performed in two di↵erent ways. The first one treats wave propagation in infinitely extended homogeneous and hollowed cylindrical rods, or wave guides, consisting of visco–elastic media. The wave solutions obtained are then used to model rubber vibration isolators of finite length by mode–matching the fields to the radial boundary conditions of interest. The second one is a method for modelling rotationally symmetric multilayered structures consisting of poro–elastic, elastic and fluid domains. By using a harmonic expansion for the azimuthal spatial dependence, the original three–dimensional problem is split up into several, much smaller, two– dimensional ones, radically decreasing the computational load.Moreover, using a mixed measurement/modelling approach, the audible frequency range characteristics of a viscous damper from a truck is studied, illustrating the influence of the rubber bushings by which it is attached to surrounding structures.The modelling approaches presented in this thesis are intended as tools aiding the design process of new vehicles, enabling new technology striving for more sustainable vehicle concepts. More specifically, the tools aim to improve the modelling of sound and vibration properties which are often penalised when seeking new, more sustainable vehicle designs.

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