Disturbance has been recognised as a presence in Yeats’s poetry for some time, although its discussion has not been extensive. The purpose of this thesis is to explore a particular type of disturbance in Yeat’s poetry that has not yet been investigated: disruption, and its relation to the Bible. I argue that disruption, in its meanings of interruption, disorder, fracturing, and division, is a distinct presence in a number of Yeat’s poems, and that it manifests in three key categories: disruption relating to Yeatsian poiesis, Yeat’s interest in and use of instances of disruption in the Bible, and disruption of the Bible itself. / I begin by considering “The Second Coming” as a notable instance of disruption and its religious and biblical resonances. I argue that this work, in reference to an instance of disruption in the Bible, undergoes textual disruption close to its centre. I develop an account of the poem as divided into opposing texts, identities, and prophetic currents, all in close relation to the Bible. I then turn to a range of contextual matters raised by the discussion of “The Second Coming”. Starting with a consideration of religion and the Bible in Yeat’s artistic vision, I argue that these two factors are important to Yeat’s envisioning of art and that disruption is deeply involved with both. Following this I investigate the relation between disruption and the Bible itself, demonstrating that disruption is a strong presence in the biblical narrative. I then consider Yeat’s reception of the Bible, focusing on Yeat’s perception of the Authorised Version and on Blake as a precursor. I argue that the Authorised Version was significant for Yeats, and that Blake was influential in demonstrating the poetic possibilities of biblically-related disruption for Yeats. / After discussing these contextual matters I embark upon a wider survey of biblically-related disruption in Yeat’s poetry. First, I consider a group of poems from one of Yeat’s earlier poetic books, The Wind Among the Reeds. I argue that these works, through the figure of the biblical wind, explore the conjunction of disruption and the Bible in each of the three categories of disruption outlined above. I then turn to a second set of poems that I group together due to a shared theme of inspiration. I argue that these works also engage with disruption and the Bible, particularly in relation to the category of disruption relating to the act of poiesis. The last group of poems that I consider are concerned with central events in the life of Christ. I argue that these works demonstrate a dynamic exploration of disruption and the Bible in relation to these events, focusing particularly on the nature of Christ as God and Saviour. I then proceed to a consideration of disruption in Yeats apart from its expression in the poetry. Seeking to gain a deeper insight into disruption as an element of Yeatsian poiesis, I consider some relevant theoretical perspectives before suggesting that disruption in Yeats can be constructively interpreted in terms of potentiality.

This study was made as a part of a feasibility study on a polishing wetland at Rimbo wastewater plant (wwp) in Norrtälje municipality. The wwp had to decrease the nitrogen discharge to reach the limit 15 mg tot-N/l. The nitrogen in the outlet was mainly in the form of nitrate, hence the wetland mainly ought to support denitrification. The proposed area for the wetland was situated right next to the wwp and was already in the municipalitys posession. One aim of this study was to examine what spieces of plants needed to achieve highest possible denitrification. Some different plant spieces for providing a good and interesting environment for birds and people were also proposed. Furthermore a massbalance model was developed for studying the important exchange processes in a wetland, to study the impact of an uneven streambed on the hyporheic water exchange and for trying to predict the wetlands nitrogen removal capacity. Proposed plants to support denitrification was different reeds such as Common reed (Phragmites australis), Bulrush (Typha), Reed Sweet-grass (Glyceria maxima) och Reed Canry-grass (Phalaris Arundinacea). Common reed is a durable species who can survive in deeper water up to 2 metres while the others need a shallower water about 0,5 m of depth. For the good of the birdlife, different spieces of Sedges (Carex) were chosen due to their ability to produce large amounts of nutrient rich seeds. Measurment in sediment cores from Ekeby wetland in Eskilstuna gave a potential denitrification capacity of 3,31 mg NO3-N m-3 sed s-1. The denitrification capacity was then used in a massbalance model were the theory of advective pumping in an uneven bedsurface also was implemented. Evaluation of the model results showed that an uneven bedsurface did not contribute to an increased nitrogen removal from the wetland, possibly due to a far too low advection and flow of the water. This was also a reason to why the distribution between denitrification from the water- and plant community vs the sediment was unbalanced. The model results showed that less than 1 % of the reduced nitrogen came from the sediment part, in contrast to current knowledge that says about 50%. The model and the participating exchange processes need to be further evaluated before the models prediction of nitrogen removal can be used in design of a wetland. Calculations and comparisons with other wetlands showed that with a well estimated, grown up and maintained wetland, there should be no problems in achieving the goal of nitrogen removal in Rimbo wetland. Such a wetland should also provide a good habitat for birds and animals and also be a good recreationarea for people to visit, properties that were appreciated as important effects in other wetlands studied in this work. / Detta arbete gjordes som en del av en förstudie för anläggande av en efterpolerande våtmark till reningsverket i Rimbo, Norrtälje kommun. Reningsverket behövde sänka sitt utsläpp av kväve till riktvärdet 15 mg tot-N/l. Huvuddelen av kvävet i utloppsvattnet förelåg i nitratform, varför denitrifikationen borde förstärkas genom att anlägga en våtmark. Det tilltänkta området för våtmarken ligger i anslutning till reningsverket och ägs idag av kommunen. I detta arbete undersöktes vilken växtlighet i våtmarken som var lämpligast för syftet att få en så bra denitrifikation som möjligt. Även olika växtarter för att ge en intressant miljö för fåglar och människor togs fram. Dessutom utvecklades en massbalansmodell som användes för att studera de utbytesprocesser som är viktiga i en våtmark, frågan hur en ojämn bottenmorfometri påverkar det hyporheiska vattenutbytet samt om det går att förutsäga reningskapaciteten i Rimbo våtmark. Lämpliga växter för denitrifikationen ansågs vara vassbildande växter, och då främst främst bladvass (Phragmites australis), men även kaveldun (Typha), jättegröe (Glyceria maxima) och rörflen (Phalaris Arundinacea). Bladvass är en mycket tålig växt som klarar stort vattendjup, medan de andra vassorterna behöver en grundare våtmark på ca 0,5 m. För fågellivets bästa ansågs starrväxter (Carex) vara viktiga arter då de producerar stora mängder frön. Mätning av denitrifikationspotentialen i sediment från Ekeby våtmark gav en hastighet för denitrifikationen i sedimentet på 3,31 mg NO3-N m-3 sed s-1. Denitrifikationen från sediment användes sedan i en massbalansmodell där även även teorin om advektivt pumputbyte vid ojämn bottenform implementerades. En utvärdering av modellresultaten kunde avgöra att en ojämn eller vågig bottenmorfometri inte skulle förbättra reningen i våtmarken. Detta beroende på bland annat för låg advektionshastighet och flöde. Detta låga flöde ned i sedimentet bidrog även till att fördelningen av kväveborttag från sediment respektive vatten- och växtdelen blev snedfördelad. Enligt modellen var det mindre än 1% av kvävet som togs bort från sedimentet medan all vetenskap tyder på närmare 50%. Modellen och de ingående utbytesprocesserna bör utvärderas och utvecklas ytterligare innan den kan användas som verktyg för att beräkna kvävereningen från en våtmark. Beräkningar och jämförelser med andra våtmarker visade dock att en väl beväxt, utförd och beskickad våtmark inte skulle ha några problem att sänka nitrathalten till riktvärdet. En våtmark skulle även utgöra en bra uppehållsmiljö för fåglar, djur och människor vilket anses som viktiga mervärden i våtmarker på andra platser i Sverige.

Disturbance has been recognised as a presence in Yeats’s poetry for some time, although its discussion has not been extensive. The purpose of this thesis is to explore a particular type of disturbance in Yeat’s poetry that has not yet been investigated: disruption, and its relation to the Bible. I argue that disruption, in its meanings of interruption, disorder, fracturing, and division, is a distinct presence in a number of Yeat’s poems, and that it manifests in three key categories: disruption relating to Yeatsian poiesis, Yeat’s interest in and use of instances of disruption in the Bible, and disruption of the Bible itself. / I begin by considering “The Second Coming” as a notable instance of disruption and its religious and biblical resonances. I argue that this work, in reference to an instance of disruption in the Bible, undergoes textual disruption close to its centre. I develop an account of the poem as divided into opposing texts, identities, and prophetic currents, all in close relation to the Bible. I then turn to a range of contextual matters raised by the discussion of “The Second Coming”. Starting with a consideration of religion and the Bible in Yeat’s artistic vision, I argue that these two factors are important to Yeat’s envisioning of art and that disruption is deeply involved with both. Following this I investigate the relation between disruption and the Bible itself, demonstrating that disruption is a strong presence in the biblical narrative. I then consider Yeat’s reception of the Bible, focusing on Yeat’s perception of the Authorised Version and on Blake as a precursor. I argue that the Authorised Version was significant for Yeats, and that Blake was influential in demonstrating the poetic possibilities of biblically-related disruption for Yeats. / After discussing these contextual matters I embark upon a wider survey of biblically-related disruption in Yeat’s poetry. First, I consider a group of poems from one of Yeat’s earlier poetic books, The Wind Among the Reeds. I argue that these works, through the figure of the biblical wind, explore the conjunction of disruption and the Bible in each of the three categories of disruption outlined above. I then turn to a second set of poems that I group together due to a shared theme of inspiration. I argue that these works also engage with disruption and the Bible, particularly in relation to the category of disruption relating to the act of poiesis. The last group of poems that I consider are concerned with central events in the life of Christ. I argue that these works demonstrate a dynamic exploration of disruption and the Bible in relation to these events, focusing particularly on the nature of Christ as God and Saviour. I then proceed to a consideration of disruption in Yeats apart from its expression in the poetry. Seeking to gain a deeper insight into disruption as an element of Yeatsian poiesis, I consider some relevant theoretical perspectives before suggesting that disruption in Yeats can be constructively interpreted in terms of potentiality.

A sociedade, no seu cotidiano contemporâneo e urbano tornou-se pouco a pouco, distante das experiências ligadas à natureza. O litoral norte do nosso Estado apresenta uma grande faixa de lagoas que nas suas margens, frequentemente, temos a ocorrência de juncais, uma formação vegetal que agrega uma grande biodiversidade, além de ser considerada dentro da legislação como uma área de preservação permanente. Essas áreas estão sendo eliminadas a cada dia, devido à especulação imobiliária, agricultura, pecuária e a poluição, tornando-se necessário que tenhamos uma base educacional que, desde crianças até nossa fase adulta, sejamos estimulados a interagir e refletir corretamente sobre as questões ambientais. Neste sentido, a percepção ambiental é uma ferramenta de grande utilidade didática, pois nos ajuda em aferir, de diversos modos, o que um grupo de pessoas acredita sobre seu entorno, considerando-se a expressão individual de cada um. A presente Tese busca demonstrar que através de uma educação ambiental construída a partir da elaboração de mapas mentais, trabalho de campo e autoanálise do material elaborado permite, através da mediação do professor, uma ampliação do conhecimento sobre o local de vivência de determinada comunidade. Constituindo um instrumento significativo no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Verificaram-se os saberes dos alunos de duas turmas do sexto ano de uma escola municipal sobre os juncais da Lagoa Itapeva, objetivando-os analisar os aspectos que relacionavam os alunos com o ambiente e sua interpretação através das ilustrações dos mapas mentais. Através dos saberes apreendidos, poderemos fornecer instrumentos e informações para a sociedade, sobretudo nas escolas, ONG’s e Prefeituras, para que se possa aplicar em programas de educação ambiental dentro das diversas modalidades escolares e mesmo repassar aos órgãos públicos como subsídio a um programa de ensino. / The society in his urban and contemporary life has become, progressively, away from the experiences of nature. The northern coast of our state has a wide range of lakes that on its banks often have the occurrence of reeds, a vegetation formation that adds a great biodiversity, as well as being within the law considering it as a permanent preservation area. These areas are being eliminated every day due to speculation, agriculture, livestock and pollution. It is necessary to have an educational foundation from which our children to adulthood we are encouraged to interact and reflect properly on environmental issues. In this sense, environmental perception is a very useful teaching tool because it helps us to assess, in various ways, which a group of people believe about their surroundings, considering the expression of each individual. This Thesis seeks to demonstrate that environmental education through a constructed from the preparation of mental maps, field work and self-analysis of material prepared, through the mediation of the teacher, an expansion of the local knowledge of experience of a particular community. Constituting a significant instrument in the teaching-learning process. This Thesis found the knowledge of students from two classes in the sixth year in a scholl hall on the reeds of Itapeva Lake, aiming to analyze the issues related to students with the environment and its interpretation through the illustrations of mental maps. Through the knowledge learned, we can provide tools and informations to society, particularly in schools, NGO’s and municipalities, that can be applied in environmental education programs within the school and even different ways to pass on to government agencies as an input to a program of education.

A sociedade, no seu cotidiano contemporâneo e urbano tornou-se pouco a pouco, distante das experiências ligadas à natureza. O litoral norte do nosso Estado apresenta uma grande faixa de lagoas que nas suas margens, frequentemente, temos a ocorrência de juncais, uma formação vegetal que agrega uma grande biodiversidade, além de ser considerada dentro da legislação como uma área de preservação permanente. Essas áreas estão sendo eliminadas a cada dia, devido à especulação imobiliária, agricultura, pecuária e a poluição, tornando-se necessário que tenhamos uma base educacional que, desde crianças até nossa fase adulta, sejamos estimulados a interagir e refletir corretamente sobre as questões ambientais. Neste sentido, a percepção ambiental é uma ferramenta de grande utilidade didática, pois nos ajuda em aferir, de diversos modos, o que um grupo de pessoas acredita sobre seu entorno, considerando-se a expressão individual de cada um. A presente Tese busca demonstrar que através de uma educação ambiental construída a partir da elaboração de mapas mentais, trabalho de campo e autoanálise do material elaborado permite, através da mediação do professor, uma ampliação do conhecimento sobre o local de vivência de determinada comunidade. Constituindo um instrumento significativo no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Verificaram-se os saberes dos alunos de duas turmas do sexto ano de uma escola municipal sobre os juncais da Lagoa Itapeva, objetivando-os analisar os aspectos que relacionavam os alunos com o ambiente e sua interpretação através das ilustrações dos mapas mentais. Através dos saberes apreendidos, poderemos fornecer instrumentos e informações para a sociedade, sobretudo nas escolas, ONG’s e Prefeituras, para que se possa aplicar em programas de educação ambiental dentro das diversas modalidades escolares e mesmo repassar aos órgãos públicos como subsídio a um programa de ensino. / The society in his urban and contemporary life has become, progressively, away from the experiences of nature. The northern coast of our state has a wide range of lakes that on its banks often have the occurrence of reeds, a vegetation formation that adds a great biodiversity, as well as being within the law considering it as a permanent preservation area. These areas are being eliminated every day due to speculation, agriculture, livestock and pollution. It is necessary to have an educational foundation from which our children to adulthood we are encouraged to interact and reflect properly on environmental issues. In this sense, environmental perception is a very useful teaching tool because it helps us to assess, in various ways, which a group of people believe about their surroundings, considering the expression of each individual. This Thesis seeks to demonstrate that environmental education through a constructed from the preparation of mental maps, field work and self-analysis of material prepared, through the mediation of the teacher, an expansion of the local knowledge of experience of a particular community. Constituting a significant instrument in the teaching-learning process. This Thesis found the knowledge of students from two classes in the sixth year in a scholl hall on the reeds of Itapeva Lake, aiming to analyze the issues related to students with the environment and its interpretation through the illustrations of mental maps. Through the knowledge learned, we can provide tools and informations to society, particularly in schools, NGO’s and municipalities, that can be applied in environmental education programs within the school and even different ways to pass on to government agencies as an input to a program of education.

A sociedade, no seu cotidiano contemporâneo e urbano tornou-se pouco a pouco, distante das experiências ligadas à natureza. O litoral norte do nosso Estado apresenta uma grande faixa de lagoas que nas suas margens, frequentemente, temos a ocorrência de juncais, uma formação vegetal que agrega uma grande biodiversidade, além de ser considerada dentro da legislação como uma área de preservação permanente. Essas áreas estão sendo eliminadas a cada dia, devido à especulação imobiliária, agricultura, pecuária e a poluição, tornando-se necessário que tenhamos uma base educacional que, desde crianças até nossa fase adulta, sejamos estimulados a interagir e refletir corretamente sobre as questões ambientais. Neste sentido, a percepção ambiental é uma ferramenta de grande utilidade didática, pois nos ajuda em aferir, de diversos modos, o que um grupo de pessoas acredita sobre seu entorno, considerando-se a expressão individual de cada um. A presente Tese busca demonstrar que através de uma educação ambiental construída a partir da elaboração de mapas mentais, trabalho de campo e autoanálise do material elaborado permite, através da mediação do professor, uma ampliação do conhecimento sobre o local de vivência de determinada comunidade. Constituindo um instrumento significativo no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Verificaram-se os saberes dos alunos de duas turmas do sexto ano de uma escola municipal sobre os juncais da Lagoa Itapeva, objetivando-os analisar os aspectos que relacionavam os alunos com o ambiente e sua interpretação através das ilustrações dos mapas mentais. Através dos saberes apreendidos, poderemos fornecer instrumentos e informações para a sociedade, sobretudo nas escolas, ONG’s e Prefeituras, para que se possa aplicar em programas de educação ambiental dentro das diversas modalidades escolares e mesmo repassar aos órgãos públicos como subsídio a um programa de ensino. / The society in his urban and contemporary life has become, progressively, away from the experiences of nature. The northern coast of our state has a wide range of lakes that on its banks often have the occurrence of reeds, a vegetation formation that adds a great biodiversity, as well as being within the law considering it as a permanent preservation area. These areas are being eliminated every day due to speculation, agriculture, livestock and pollution. It is necessary to have an educational foundation from which our children to adulthood we are encouraged to interact and reflect properly on environmental issues. In this sense, environmental perception is a very useful teaching tool because it helps us to assess, in various ways, which a group of people believe about their surroundings, considering the expression of each individual. This Thesis seeks to demonstrate that environmental education through a constructed from the preparation of mental maps, field work and self-analysis of material prepared, through the mediation of the teacher, an expansion of the local knowledge of experience of a particular community. Constituting a significant instrument in the teaching-learning process. This Thesis found the knowledge of students from two classes in the sixth year in a scholl hall on the reeds of Itapeva Lake, aiming to analyze the issues related to students with the environment and its interpretation through the illustrations of mental maps. Through the knowledge learned, we can provide tools and informations to society, particularly in schools, NGO’s and municipalities, that can be applied in environmental education programs within the school and even different ways to pass on to government agencies as an input to a program of education.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utforska olika sätt att spela in rörblad samt att modifiera mina klarinettrörblad, och utveckla en djupare förståelse för vilka metoder som fungerade bäst för mig. Målet var att kunna känna trygghet i mina rörblads förmåga att producera önskvärd klang, så att jag gav mig själv så bra förutsättningar som möjligt rörbladsmässigt inför framtida konserter. Projektet genomfördes under en 8 månaders period, september 2021 till maj 2022 och bestod av inspelning av 12 askar rörblad och modifiering av de rörblad som inte gav önskat resultat. För modifieringen användes främst Peter Hadcocks metoder, och då undersöktes hur bra dessa fungerade för mig. Resultatet visade att en metodisk inspelning gav mer långlivade rörblad som inte tappade kvalitet lika fort som kontrollrörbladen. Resultatet visade också att det fanns en relevant möjlighet till modifiering av de rörblad som inte var bra nog, så att de efter modifiering var bra nog att användas. Livslängden gick också att förlänga till viss del genom modifiering. / The purpose of this study was to explore different methods for breaking in and modifying clarinet reeds, and to develop a deeper understanding of which methods work best for me. The goal was to be able to feel security in the ability to produce the desired sound and timbre from my reeds, so that I could give myself the best conditions that were possible, reed wise, before future concerts. The project was carried out over an 8- month period, September 2021 to May 2022 and consisted of breaking in 12 boxes of reeds and modifying the ones that didn’t give the desired result. Peter Hadcock’s methods for modifying reeds were used during the study, and I investigated how well they work for me. A methodic break in process resulted in long-lived reeds that didn’t loose their quality as fast as the control group. The result also showed that there was a possibility to modify the undesired reeds to make them playable. The life expectancy of good reeds could also be extended through modification.

The 20th century French repertoire remains some of the most fruitful and varied music written for our instrument. But in fact it was written for another instrument entirely. While these two instruments share the exact same role when it comes to orchestral playing and every other practical sense - under the hood the instruments could not be further apart in terms of mechanics. So how is it that the bassoonist should go about tackling the intricacies of the French Repertoire - which as a whole offer very challenging pieces - when another layer of intricacies is added on top in the fact that it was all written for an entirely different instrument. Through careful and methodical changes to technique and exercises it is possible to alleviate many of the major problems so that they become more manageable. The hope of this paper is that others shall continue their own research into understanding and overcoming some of the shortcomings and complications related to our instrument in hopes that we may continue to build on our established technical and musical foundations.   Keywords: basson, bassoon, alternative fingerings, complications of performance, double tonguing, reed style

Remembering the Forgotten Beauty of Yeatsian Mythology: Personae and the Problem of Unity in The Wind Among the Reeds

The music of the late baroque composer Jan Dismas Zelenka (1679- 1745) was not widely circulated during his lifetime. In the late twentieth century, Zelenka's music experienced a revival due to the rediscovery of his sonatas for double reed ensemble. The thesis examines the stylistic, generic, and historical context for Zelenka's Sonata V (ZWV 181, no. 5), tracing the development of the ensemble sonata for double reeds at the Augustan court. Chapter One focuses on Zelenka's life, as well as the purpose and dating of the six ensemble sonatas for obbligato double reeds (ZWV 181). The subsequent chapter surveys the national styles that were assimilated into the compositional traditions of the Dresden hofkapelle in the early 18th century. The role of the oboist within the court musical establishment and the social status of the hofmusicus are discussed. Chapter Three considers the precedents for and influences on Zelenka's Sonata V, particularly with respect to its inclusion in the little known genre of the sonata auf concertenart. These sonatas in the manner of a concerto adopt the formal outlines of Vivaldi's concertos and concerted sonatas while obscuring the distinctions of genre between the sonata and concerto through the treatment of scoring and texture. Zelenka's Sonata V follows the style of an early sonate auf concertenart of Vivaldi. Zelenka's concerted sonata departs from its model by confounding the identity of the initially distinct ritornello and solo material. The specific use of the oboe in Zelenka's sonatas, including playing techniques, and the degree of specialization are discussed. The conclusion speculates as to why Zelenka's music quickly fell out of favor and why even the composer himself was treated in a critical manner only a few generations after his time at Dresden. An understanding of the Dresden court not only provides a window on Zelenka's music, but also explains its almost immediate eclipse following his death. / text