No description available.

Class of 2011 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: To investigate if the drug content of several different antibiotic products, obtained in Mexico, fall within the USP specification range for a given drug. METHODS: Ten antibiotic products containing either amoxicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were obtained from three random pharmacies in Mexico. The concentrations of the active ingredient(s) in these antibiotics were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, utilizing assays from the USP monographs for each drug. Weight variation within each product was also considered. Ten units from each product were analyzed. RESULTS: More than half of the capsules for each of the amoxicillin lots analyzed were outside of the acceptable USP limits (90-120% label claim) with the average calculated % label claim for each being 89.96 and 87.25%, respectively. One lot of ampicillin had two capsules out of range, while all of the capsules tested from the second lot were within the specification range. Both lots of ciprofloxacin passed. For the sulfamethoxazole/triemthoprim tablets, the sulfamethoxazole content for each lot was in range, however 20-30% of the units analyzed were out of range for trimethoprim. Interestingly, weight variation within each product was less than 3% RSD for all products, with the exception of the ampicillin lot which had two capsules out of spec (% RSD- 6.14). CONCLUSION: Most of the Mexican acquired antibiotics had content uniformity that fit within the USP guidelines. Although amoxicillin displayed significant variability, the capsules fell outside of the USP limits by a slim margin. While these findings are not a representation of all antibiotics obtained from Mexico, they do suggest the importance of continued research of the quality of internationally obtained products.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Partial embargo. Vita. Bibliography: References located at the end of each study.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_7869_Afonso Cassa Reis20160412-135006.pdf: 1514602 bytes, checksum: fabde0ee63bde64d118276ad1d2f48a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / O ecocardiograma (ECO) é um exame amplamente utilizado na medicina veterinária para o diagnóstico de doenças cardíacas, porém, mesmo sendo um exame não invasivo, os cães podem não colaborar com o posicionamento adequado para a realização do exame. Uma forma de diminuir a agitação do animal e melhorar a qualidade das imagens é a contenção química. Além disso, a grande variação de peso e conformação corporal encontrada nas diferentes raças de cães pode ser um fator limitante na interpretação do exame ecocardiográfico. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da tranquilização com a meperidina, acepromazina e sua associação sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães (capítulo 1) e determinar os parâmetros ecocardiográficos normais de cães da raça Rottweiler (capítulo 2). No capítulo 1, foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, saudáveis, da raça Rottweiler. Cada cão foi submetido ao exame ecocardiográfico sem utilização de tranquilização (tratamento controle - TC) e a três protocolos de tratamento, utilizando a meperidina (2 mg/Kg) (TM), acepromazina (0,05 mg/Kg) (TA), e a associação dos medicamentos (TMA), na mesma dosagem. As variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey para determinar as diferenças entre os tratamentos, com nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se que as médias obtidas na onda A do fluxo mitral em TA e TMA diminuíram significativamente com relação ao TM, que não diferiu do TC. Houve uma diminuição significativa no valor de movimento anular mitral (MAM) e excursão sistólica do plano anular tricuspide (ESPAT) no TA. Não houve diferença significativa para os valores de ração de encurtamento (FE) entre TA e os demais tratamentos. Entretanto, observou-se que 57,3% dos cães apresentaram valores de FE abaixo da normalidade para a espécie. As alterações encontradas podem ser decorrentes dos efeitos hipotensores da acepromazina utilizada de forma isolada. Conclui-se que a meperidina ou sua associação com acepromazina não alteram os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis e que a acepromazina, utilizada isoladamente, causa alteração na função sistólica dos cães, não sendo recomendada para a contenção química dos cães 8 submetidos ao exame ecocardiográfico. No capítulo 2 foram selecionados 23 cães adultos clinicamente sadios, sendo 15 fêmeas e 8 machos, pesando em média 43,3 ± 4,5 kg, com idade média de 42,5 ± 14,8 meses. Após a determinação de todos os valores ecocardiográficos, foi calculada a média e desvio padrão de todos os parâmetros e foi realizada estatística de correlação de Pearson entre o peso, idade e sexo e as demais variáveis analisadas, com nível de significância de 5%. Os parâmetros ecocardiográficos também foram comparados de forma descritiva com os valores de normalidade para a população canina em geral. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre a idade e a FC e o DIVEd; e correlação negativa significativa entre a idade e as ondas E e A do fluxo mitral. Quanto maior o peso do cão, maior a velocidade máxima do fluxo aórtico na avaliação Doppler. Não houve correlação significativa de nenhum parâmetro avaliado com o sexo dos cães. Nas avaliações individuais e das médias dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos, observou-se que os valores de Ao, AE, SIVd e MAM apresentavam-se menores do que o padrão geral determinado para a espécie canina; e os valores de DIVEs e PLVEd apresentavam-se maiores, podendo ser uma característica inerente da raça. / The echocardiogram (ECO) is an exam widely used in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of heart disease, but even being a noninvasive exam, dogs can not collaborate with the appropriate positioning for the examination. To reduce the animal's agitation and improve the quality of the images, sedation could be used. Also, a wide range of weight and body conformation found in different breeds of dogs can be a limiting factor in the interpretation of echocardiographic examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sedation with meperidine, acepromazine and its association on the echocardiographic parameters in dogs (chapter 1) and to estabilish the normal echocardiographic parameters in Rottweilers (chapter 2). In chapter 1, 12 healthy adults Rottweilers were used. Each dog was subjected to the echocardiography examination without the use of sedation (control treatment- CT) and subjected to three treatment protocols using meperidine (2 mg / kg) (MT), acepromazine (0.05 mg / kg) (AT), and the combination of drugs (MAT), at the same dosage. The variables were analyzed by Tukey test to determine differences between treatments, with 5% significance level. It was observed that the average obtained in A-wave of mitral inflow in AT and MAT decreased significantly comparing with MT, which did not differ from CT. There was a significant decrease in the measure of mitral annulus motion MAM and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) at TA. There was no significant difference to the FE values between TA and other treatments. However, it was observed that 57.3% of the dogs showed FE values below the normal range for the species. The changes found may be due to the hypotensive effects of acepromazine used in isolation. It was concluded that meperidine or its association with acepromazine not alter echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs and that acepromazine, used alone, causes changes in systolic function and is not recommended for sedation of dogs submitted to echocardiography exam. It was selected 23 clinically healthy adult dogs, 15 females and 8 males, with average weight of 43.3 ± 4.5 kg and mean age of 42.5 ± 14.8 months. Mean and standard deviation was determined of all echocardiographic parameters and Pearson correlation was performed between weight, age,sex and other variables analyzed, with 5% significance level. Echocardiographic parameters were compared by descriptive analysis with the normal values for the canine general population. There was a significant positive correlation between age and heart rate and LVDd; and significant negative correlation between age and the E and A waves of the mitral inflow. The greater the body weight, the higher the maximum speed of the Doppler aortic flow assessment. There was no significant correlation between sex and any parameters evaluated. The individual assessments and the means of echocardiographic parameters, it was observed that the values When, AE, IVSD and MAM presented themselves smaller than the determined general pattern in dogs; and DLVs and PLVEd values had become larger and may be an inherent characteristic of the breed.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_7869_Afonso Cassa Reis20160412-135006.pdf: 1514602 bytes, checksum: fabde0ee63bde64d118276ad1d2f48a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / O ecocardiograma (ECO) é um exame amplamente utilizado na medicina veterinária para o diagnóstico de doenças cardíacas, porém, mesmo sendo um exame não invasivo, os cães podem não colaborar com o posicionamento adequado para a realização do exame. Uma forma de diminuir a agitação do animal e melhorar a qualidade das imagens é a contenção química. Além disso, a grande variação de peso e conformação corporal encontrada nas diferentes raças de cães pode ser um fator limitante na interpretação do exame ecocardiográfico. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da tranquilização com a meperidina, acepromazina e sua associação sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães (capítulo 1) e determinar os parâmetros ecocardiográficos normais de cães da raça Rottweiler (capítulo 2). No capítulo 1, foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, saudáveis, da raça Rottweiler. Cada cão foi submetido ao exame ecocardiográfico sem utilização de tranquilização (tratamento controle - TC) e a três protocolos de tratamento, utilizando a meperidina (2 mg/Kg) (TM), acepromazina (0,05 mg/Kg) (TA), e a associação dos medicamentos (TMA), na mesma dosagem. As variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey para determinar as diferenças entre os tratamentos, com nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se que as médias obtidas na onda A do fluxo mitral em TA e TMA diminuíram significativamente com relação ao TM, que não diferiu do TC. Houve uma diminuição significativa no valor de movimento anular mitral (MAM) e excursão sistólica do plano anular tricuspide (ESPAT) no TA. Não houve diferença significativa para os valores de ração de encurtamento (FE) entre TA e os demais tratamentos. Entretanto, observou-se que 57,3% dos cães apresentaram valores de FE abaixo da normalidade para a espécie. As alterações encontradas podem ser decorrentes dos efeitos hipotensores da acepromazina utilizada de forma isolada. Conclui-se que a meperidina ou sua associação com acepromazina não alteram os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis e que a acepromazina, utilizada isoladamente, causa alteração na função sistólica dos cães, não sendo recomendada para a contenção química dos cães 8 submetidos ao exame ecocardiográfico. No capítulo 2 foram selecionados 23 cães adultos clinicamente sadios, sendo 15 fêmeas e 8 machos, pesando em média 43,3 ± 4,5 kg, com idade média de 42,5 ± 14,8 meses. Após a determinação de todos os valores ecocardiográficos, foi calculada a média e desvio padrão de todos os parâmetros e foi realizada estatística de correlação de Pearson entre o peso, idade e sexo e as demais variáveis analisadas, com nível de significância de 5%. Os parâmetros ecocardiográficos também foram comparados de forma descritiva com os valores de normalidade para a população canina em geral. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre a idade e a FC e o DIVEd; e correlação negativa significativa entre a idade e as ondas E e A do fluxo mitral. Quanto maior o peso do cão, maior a velocidade máxima do fluxo aórtico na avaliação Doppler. Não houve correlação significativa de nenhum parâmetro avaliado com o sexo dos cães. Nas avaliações individuais e das médias dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos, observou-se que os valores de Ao, AE, SIVd e MAM apresentavam-se menores do que o padrão geral determinado para a espécie canina; e os valores de DIVEs e PLVEd apresentavam-se maiores, podendo ser uma característica inerente da raça. / The echocardiogram (ECO) is an exam widely used in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of heart disease, but even being a noninvasive exam, dogs can not collaborate with the appropriate positioning for the examination. To reduce the animal's agitation and improve the quality of the images, sedation could be used. Also, a wide range of weight and body conformation found in different breeds of dogs can be a limiting factor in the interpretation of echocardiographic examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sedation with meperidine, acepromazine and its association on the echocardiographic parameters in dogs (chapter 1) and to estabilish the normal echocardiographic parameters in Rottweilers (chapter 2). In chapter 1, 12 healthy adults Rottweilers were used. Each dog was subjected to the echocardiography examination without the use of sedation (control treatment- CT) and subjected to three treatment protocols using meperidine (2 mg / kg) (MT), acepromazine (0.05 mg / kg) (AT), and the combination of drugs (MAT), at the same dosage. The variables were analyzed by Tukey test to determine differences between treatments, with 5% significance level. It was observed that the average obtained in A-wave of mitral inflow in AT and MAT decreased significantly comparing with MT, which did not differ from CT. There was a significant decrease in the measure of mitral annulus motion MAM and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) at TA. There was no significant difference to the FE values between TA and other treatments. However, it was observed that 57.3% of the dogs showed FE values below the normal range for the species. The changes found may be due to the hypotensive effects of acepromazine used in isolation. It was concluded that meperidine or its association with acepromazine not alter echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs and that acepromazine, used alone, causes changes in systolic function and is not recommended for sedation of dogs submitted to echocardiography exam. It was selected 23 clinically healthy adult dogs, 15 females and 8 males, with average weight of 43.3 ± 4.5 kg and mean age of 42.5 ± 14.8 months. Mean and standard deviation was determined of all echocardiographic parameters and Pearson correlation was performed between weight, age,sex and other variables analyzed, with 5% significance level. Echocardiographic parameters were compared by descriptive analysis with the normal values for the canine general population. There was a significant positive correlation between age and heart rate and LVDd; and significant negative correlation between age and the E and A waves of the mitral inflow. The greater the body weight, the higher the maximum speed of the Doppler aortic flow assessment. There was no significant correlation between sex and any parameters evaluated. The individual assessments and the means of echocardiographic parameters, it was observed that the values When, AE, IVSD and MAM presented themselves smaller than the determined general pattern in dogs; and DLVs and PLVEd values had become larger and may be an inherent characteristic of the breed.

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / INTRODUCTION: The best known reference standards used to evaluate the growth and development of infants and children are the 1977 National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) - , the 2000 Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - and the World Health Organization (WHO) (2006). The NCHS reference standards were used to analyse anthropometric data from the 1999 National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS). It was anticipated that using the 2000 CDC and the 2006 WHO reference standards may lead to differences in the previously estimated prevalences of stunting, wasting, underweight, risk of overweight, overweight and obesity in the study population. AIM: To compare the anthropometric status of children aged 12 - 60 months when using the 1977 NCHS -, the 2000 CDC -, and the 2006 WHO reference standards. METHODS: A secondary analysis of anthropometric data from the 1999 NFCS was conducted using different reference standards to compare anthropometric status in terms of the prevalences of stunting, wasting, underweight, risk of overweight, overweight and obesity. Relationships between anthropometric status and other variables such as breastfeeding, maternal education level and type of housing were explored. RESULTS: The prevalences of stunting, obesity and overweight were significantly higher and the prevalence of underweight and wasting were lower when using the 2006 WHO compared to the 1977 NCHS and the 2000 CDC reference standards. A significant relationship was found between weight-forheight and breastfeeding when using any one of the reference standards and between BMI-for-age and breastfeeding when using the 2006 WHO reference standard. A significant relationship was shown between maternal education level and height-for-age and weight-for-age when using any one of the three reference standards and a significant association was found between weight-for-height and BMI-for-age and the type of housing when using any of the three reference standards. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences of stunting and obesity were higher when using the 2006 WHO reference standards compared to the 1977 NCHS and 2000 CDC reference standards. This may be due to the linear growth and rate of weight gain of breastfed infants differing from formula fed infants and the 2006 WHO reference made use of the exclusively and predominantly breastfed infant living under normal healthy conditions as the normative model which is a prescription of how children should not grow and .not an indication of how children are growing. In conclusion, the 2006 WHO reference standard must be the only reference standard used nationally and internationally when assessing the growth and nutritional status of infants and children.

Avec le développement fulgurant des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, les méthodes classiques de diffuser, d’accéder et de partager l’information ont été repensées.Actuellement, les TIC dédiées à l’éducation sont en plein essor, permettant à l’être humain des nouvelles manières pour se former en toute autonomie et pour tracer son propre parcours d’apprentissage. L’e-Learning, comme nouvelle forme d’apprentissage facilite, à la fois, l’accès à des ressources pédagogiques et l’échange et la collaboration à distance. Afin de remédier les contraintes liées à l’interopérabilité des dispositifs e-Learning et de garantir la qualité de l’apprentissage, l’application des référentiels normatifs doit toucher tous les aspects d’un dispositif d’apprentissage (les profils des apprenants, les méthodes de suivi et d’évaluation, les outils et les fonctionnalités de communication...). Le travail proposé dans cette thèse a pour but d’examiner l’état d’application de référentiels normatifs dans l’Université Virtuelle de Tunis. A travers une étude de terrain, nous avons étudié d’une part, la réceptivité de l’UVT aux intérêts des référentiels normatifs dédiés à l’éducation, et d’autre part, nous avons repéré les outils de communication intégrés dans la plateforme Moodle permettant au tuteur d’assurer le suivi, l’évaluation et le soutien. / With the significant growth of Information and Communication Technologies, the traditional methods of disseminating, accessing and sharing information have been reshaped.Currently, the ICT dedicated to education are thriving, enabling learner human new ways to train independently and draw their own learning paths. The e-Learning is a new form of learning facilitates both, access to educational resources, sharing and remote collaboration.To overcome the difficulties related to interoperability of e-Learning systems and guarantee the quality of learning, the application of normative references must apply to all aspects of a learning device (learner’s profiles, methods of monitoring and evaluation, communication tools and capabilities ...). The work proposed in this thesis aims to examine the state of reference standards application in the Virtual University of Tunis. Through a case study, we examined on the one hand, the receptivity of the VUT on regarding the interests of normative references dedicated to education, on the other hand; we identified the communication tools integrated in the platform Moodle allowing the tutor to follow up, evaluation and support.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of displays at radiology departments and healthcare centers, viewing conditions, quality control practices and user experiences of viewing radiological images from displays during 2007. The study aimed to provide guidelines to improving the quality of image viewing from displays and viewing conditions in healthcare. The data was gathered from radiology departments at university hospitals in Finland and healthcare centers in the treatment area of responsibility of the Oulu University Hospital. Display technology, quality control practices and users experiences of viewing were determined using questionnaires. Technical measurements were performed in order to acquire information on displays performance and viewing conditions. In addition, observation was used to evaluate viewing conditions. Almost all displays at radiological departments were applicable for diagnostics. At healthcare centers all displays were inapplicable for diagnostics. Both organization groups had displays using obsolete cathode ray tube technology and these displays did not pass current acceptance criteria. Most radiology departments had viewing conditions which were compatible with existing guidelines, whereas at healthcare centers lighting conditions were too bright for viewing radiological images from displays. Acceptance testing was done only for few of the displays and quality control was not performed regularly. Personnel responsible for quality assurance felt they were provided with inadequate resources for performing display quality control. Clinicians at healthcare centers did not identify the poor performance of displays. Radiologists and clinicians at healthcare centers rarely performed quality assurance for displays. The quality of displays, viewing conditions and the assessment of display performance at healthcare organizations was not at the level required by the existing guidelines. Both the cathode ray tube displays and uncalibrated liquid crystal displays should either be replaced with new ones or calibrated. Lighting and positioning of displays ought to be rearranged in order to diminish reflections. Furthermore, doctors ought to be able to rearrange lighting conditions with ease. More resources ought to be directed to display quality control and different quality control practices should be unified. Both the users and the quality control personnel should also be provided with more training in display quality control. Regular display quality control should be extended to all healthcare organizations. Clinicians working at healthcare centers should be provided with adequate training in the use of image viewing software. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää vuoden 2007 aikana radiologisten yksiköiden ja terveyskeskusten radiologisten kuvien katseluun tarkoitettujen näyttöjen laatu, kuvankatseluolosuhteet ja laadunvalvontakäytännöt sekä käyttäjien kokemuksia röntgenkuvien katselusta näytöiltä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli antaa toimenpide-ehdotuksia kuvankatselun ja kuvankatseluolosuhteiden kehittämiseksi terveydenhuollossa. Aineisto muodostui otoksesta viiden yliopistollisen sairaalan radiologisista yksiköistä ja Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan erityisvastuualueen terveyskeskuksista. Näyttöjen laitekanta, laadunvalvontakäytännöt ja lääkäreiden kokemuksia näyttötyöskentelystä selvitettiin kyselyllä. Mittausten ja havainnoinnin avulla saatiin tietoa näyttöjen suorituskyvystä ja kuvankatselutilojen valaistusolosuhteista. Radiologisten yksiköiden näytöt olivat teknisesti pääosin radiologisista kuvista tehtävään diagnostiikkaan soveltuvia. Terveyskeskuksissa käytettiin näyttöjä, jotka eivät soveltuneet diagnostiikkaan. Molemmissa ryhmissä poistuvaan katodisadeputkitekniikkaan perustuvia näyttöjä oli vielä käytössä, eikä yksikään mitatuista näytöistä saavuttanut hyväksyttävyyskriteereitä kaikkien suorituskyvyn mittaustulosten osalta. Suurimmassa osassa radiologisten yksiköiden työpisteissä huoneen valaistus oli suositusten mukainen, kun taas terveyskeskuksissa huoneiden valaistus oli liian voimakas radiologisten kuvien katseluun käytetyillä näytöillä. Vastaanottotarkastus oli tehty vain pienelle osalle näytöistä ja säännöllistä laadunvalvontaa tehtiin näytöille vähän. Laadunvalvojat kokivat resurssit riittämättömiksi näyttöjen laadunvalvontaan. Terveyskeskuslääkärit eivät itse tunnistaneet näytön huonoa suorituskykyä. Radiologit ja terveyskeskuslääkärit tekivät laadunvalvontaa käyttämilleen näytöille hyvin vähän. Tutkimuksen kohteena olleissa radiologisissa yksiköissä ja terveyskeskuksissa röntgenkuvien katseluun tarkoitettujen näyttöjen laatu, valaistusolosuhteet ja laadunvalvonta eivät vastanneet suosituksia. Katodisädeputkinäytöt ja kalibroimattomat nestekidenäytöt tulisi vaihtaa uusiin tai kalibroida. Valaistusta ja näyttöjen sijoittelua tulisi muuttaa heijastusten vähentämiseksi. Lisäksi lääkärillä tulisi olla mahdollisuus muuttaa valaistusta helposti. Näyttöjen laadunvalvontaan tulisi saada enemmän resursseja, laadunvalvontakäytännöt tulisi yhtenäistää ja käyttäjille sekä laadunvalvojille tulisi antaa lisää koulutusta näyttöjen laadunvalvontaan. Säännöllinen näyttöjen laadunvalvonta tulisi ulottaa kaikkiin terveydenhuollon organisaatioihin. Terveyskeskuslääkäreille tulisi antaa koulutusta kuvankatseluohjelmien käyttöön.