Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bassetto_lmt_me_sjrp.pdf: 2384725 bytes, checksum: b0b486bf836e37b8ec886240e5b9c7b2 (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem como base teórica a concepção de referente apresentada pela Lingüística Textual de linha sócio-cognitivo-interacionista. Para esta, a referenciação, não mais vista como uma relação de espelhamento entre linguagem e realidade, passa a ser considerada como um processo de construção referencial dada no interior do discurso e, portanto, sem relação especular com o objeto-de-mundo. Assim, para essa perspectiva teórica, o referente, também denominado de objeto-de-discurso, é construído sócio-culturalmente a partir das práticas sociais e remodelado, no interior do discurso, em função dos propósitos comunicativos dos parceiros da interlocução verbal. Com base nesse aparato teórico, esse trabalho buscou analisar os recursos lingüísticos empregados por Carlos Heitor Cony na construção de referentes em suas crônicas de temas políticos publicadas entre 2004 e 2005. A partir dos dados encontrados no corpus, esta dissertação demonstra que, além das estratégias de progressão referencial já previstas pela literatura da área, a predicação – tanto nominal quanto verbal – e o que foi denominado de “jogo de instauração de referentes” podem atuar, em conjunto com o contexto discursivo, para a construção referencial. Como objetivo mais específico, tal pesquisa voltou-se à construção referencial de Lula, com destaque para as transformações sofridas por esse referente no decorrer das crônicas selecionadas e não apenas em cada uma delas isoladamente. De acordo com os dados analisados, esse trabalho constatou uma mudança na construção do referente Lula, que, de início, se voltava a aspectos positivos do presidente, sendo esses, em alguns casos, mesclados a aspectos negativos. No entanto, no decorrer... / The present work has as theoretical base the conception of referent presented by Textual Linguistics of socio-cognitive-interactionist base line. According to it, the referenciation is no longer seen as a relation of mirroring between language and reality, but it is considered as a process of referential construction that occurs in the discourse and, therefore, without a specular relation with the “object of world”. Like this, to this theoretical perspective, the referent, also denominated “object of discourse”, is constructed socio-culturally starting from the social practices and remolded, in the interior of the discourse, in the function of the verbal interlocutors’ comunicative purposes. Grounded on this theoretical support, this work aimed to analyse the linguistic means used by Carlos Heitor Cony in the construction of the referents in his chronicles of political themes published between 2004 and 2005. With base on the data found in the corpus, this dissertation demonstrate that, besides the estrategies of referential progression already foreseen by the bibliography about referenciation, the predicate – both nominal and verbal – and what was denominated instauration of referents game are able to act, with the discoursive context, to promote the referential construction. As a more especific objective, this research turned to the referential construction of Lula, with emphasis on the transformations suffered by this referent in the course of the selected chronicles and not only in each one of them separately. Starting from the analysed data, this work verified a change in the referent Lula’s construction, which, in the beggining, turned to the president’s positive aspects, in some cases, mixed with the negative ones. However, in the course of the chronicles, there was an intensification of negative aspects atributed to that referent. This was...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

<p>I detta arbete görs en textstrukturell analys av karaktären muminmamman i Tove Janssons böcker Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen (1945) och i Pappan och havet (1965) med hjälp av frågeställningarna; Är mamman en könsstereotyp eller en så kallad platt karaktär i Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen respektive Pappan och havet? Kan man se skillnader i hur muminmamman beskrivs i Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen respektive Pappan och havet ur ett könsperspektiv? Textens referentbindning av karaktärer och muminmammans handlingar kategoriseras och undersöks med ett könsperspektiv.</p><p>Böckerna, som är den första och den sista i serien om muminfamiljen, visar sig bära en könsstereotyp bild av muminamman, starkt knuten till en konservativ modersroll. Tvärtemot vad andra skribenter hävdat öppnas inte muminmammans könsstereotypa mönster upp mot andra möjligheter i den senare boken. Hennes karaktär fördjupas men isärhållandet av könen består.</p>

This thesis provides an experimental approach to abstract anaphora resolution in Turkish written discourse. The core of this work consists of identifying various manifestations of abstract anaphoric expressions &ndash / bu vs. bu durum, bu olay, bu is, bu ger&ccedil / ek (bu as the bare abstract object anaphor vs. bu+label abstract anaphors)- in Turkish discourse, and investigating whether any difference is observed in their processing. To this end, two offline experiments are conducted with human subjects, and the results indicate that label anaphors, compared to the bare anaphor bu, have a tendency to disambiguate the antecendent in some cases.

This thesis provides an experimental approach to abstract anaphora resolution in Turkish written discourse. The core of this work consists of identifying various manifestations of abstract anaphoric expressions &ndash / bu vs. bu durum, bu olay, bu is, bu ger&ccedil / ek (bu as the bare abstract object anaphor vs. bu+label abstract anaphors) - in Turkish discourse, and investigating whether any difference is observed in their processing. To this end, two offline experiments are conducted with human subjects, and the results indicate that label anaphors, compared to the bare anaphor bu, have a tendency to disambiguate the antecendent in some cases.

I detta arbete görs en textstrukturell analys av karaktären muminmamman i Tove Janssons böcker Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen (1945) och i Pappan och havet (1965) med hjälp av frågeställningarna; Är mamman en könsstereotyp eller en så kallad platt karaktär i Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen respektive Pappan och havet? Kan man se skillnader i hur muminmamman beskrivs i Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen respektive Pappan och havet ur ett könsperspektiv? Textens referentbindning av karaktärer och muminmammans handlingar kategoriseras och undersöks med ett könsperspektiv. Böckerna, som är den första och den sista i serien om muminfamiljen, visar sig bära en könsstereotyp bild av muminamman, starkt knuten till en konservativ modersroll. Tvärtemot vad andra skribenter hävdat öppnas inte muminmammans könsstereotypa mönster upp mot andra möjligheter i den senare boken. Hennes karaktär fördjupas men isärhållandet av könen består.

In a production experiment and two follow-up perception experiments on read German we investigated the (de-)coding of discourse-new, inferentially and textually accessible and given discourse referents by prosodic means. Results reveal that a decrease in the referent’s level of givenness is reflected by an increase in its prosodic prominence (expressed by differences in the status and type of accent used) providing evidence for the relevance of different intermediate types of information status between the poles given and new. Furthermore, perception data indicate that the degree of prosodic prominence can serve as the decisive cue for decoding a referent’s level of givenness.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to look into the differences between the theoretical frame-works of Realism and Feminism in general as well as their differences with regards to security and referent objects to security. With the differences noted applied upon the Humanitarian Intervention that took place in Kosovo 1999. That is how a shift in the referent objects could change outcome and success or failure in the case studied.</p><p>This is done by a theory testing study based upon literature within the topics of Realism and Feminism, by mainly Morgenthau (1993) with regards to Realism and Tickner (1992) with regards to Feminism. The reason for these authors in particular is due to their importance in the field and the fact that they are found liberally quoted in academic articles and other literature.</p><p>By shifting the referent object of security from e.g. territory (state), that Realism uses, to the individuals in general and the women in particular within the territory (state), like Feminism does, there is bound to be a change in outcome and success. The result of this thesis is that a different referent object offers a new perspective.</p>

abstract: This study utilized targeted messages and expert and referent sources in an effort to promote physical activity behavior in college students. College students aged 18-25, excluding collegiate athletes, were randomized into three conditions using their current physical activity level. Two of the conditions received targeted messages highlighting three primary components of social cognitive theory - self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals - while the third condition received no messages. In addition, the experimental conditions received the messages from either an expert (i.e., a personal trainer) or a referent (i.e., a close friend). In this way, this experiment analyzed whether receiving social cognitive theory messages increased physical activity indicators compared to the control condition, as well as if the message source caused differences in the physical activity indicators. Moreover, participants completed Time 1 and Time 2 measures to determine if receiving messages or not caused changes over a one week time period. Seven physical activity indicators were assessed: self-efficacy, positive outcome expectations, negative outcome expectations, attitudes, response-efficacy, intentions, and physical activity behavior. Results revealed that both the personal trainer and close friend conditions had significantly higher scores than the control condition for intentions at Time 1 and Time 2, as well as physical activity behavior at Time 2. Moreover, the personal trainer condition had significantly higher positive outcome expectations compared to both the friend and control conditions. No other significant differences were found across conditions for Time 1 attitudes, response-efficacy, negative outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and Time 2 attitudes, and self-efficacy. Overall, targeted messages were effective in increasing physical activity intentions and behavior regardless of the message source. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Communication 2012

Similarity has been regarded as a primary means by which lexical representations are organized, and hence an important determinant of processing interactions between lexical items. A central question on lexical-semantics similarity is how it influences lexical processing. There have been much fewer investigations, however, on how lexical-semantic similarity might influence novel word learning. This dissertation work aimed to fill this gap by addressing one kind of lexical-semantic similarity, similarity among the novel words that are being learned concurrently (concurrent similarity), on the learning of phonological word forms. Importantly, it aimed to use tests that eliminated the real time processing confound at test so as to provide convincing evidence on whether learning was indeed affected by similarity. The first part of the dissertation addressed the effect of concurrent referent similarity on the learning of the phonological word forms. Experiment 1 used a naming test to provide evidence on the direction of the effect. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 used the stem completion test and the recognition from mis-pronunciation test that controlled for real time processing between conditions. Then a 4-layer Hebbian Normalized Recurrent Network was also developed to provide even more convincing evidence on whether learning was affected (the connection weights). Consistently across the three tasks and the simulation, a detrimental effect of referent similarity on the phonological word form learning was revealed. The second part of the dissertation addressed the effect of cohort similarity on the learning of the phonological word forms. The recognition from mis-pronunciation on partial words was developed to control for real time processing between conditions so as to capture the effect of learning. We examined the effect of cohort similarity at different syllable positions and found a detrimental effect at the second syllable and non-effect at the third syllable. This is consistent with the previous finding that competition among cohorts diminishes as the stimulus is received, suggesting that the effect of cohort similarity depends on the status of competition dynamics among cohorts. The theoretical and methodological implications of this study are discussed.

Since securitization processes are agued to be able to create excessive power to actors, there are arguments that claim that securitization is a negative process. By combining aspects of the original securitization theory with Juha Vuoir’s theory of illocutionary force, this thesis makes an attempt at finding what different actors claimed was threatened in their respective securitization of the issue terrorism. The motive behind the actors are also investigated and argued to be made visible through the different speech acts each actor employs when trying to securitize an issue. The thesis concludes that all three securitizing actors use some traditional notions of what is being threatened, namely the state. However, they are all found to use less traditional referent objects in addition to the state. The thesis also concludes that the motives of the different actors are found. These are showcased through the president of the USA trying to create deterrence for attackers of his state and trying to create control on the international arena. The High Representative of the EU, trying to legitimize future acts of more integration in the Union. Finally the World Health Organization’s motive is argued to have been to put the issue on the agenda.