Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki. / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_CarlaFernandaBarbosa_D.pdf: 4846787 bytes, checksum: a2bbec42880bcecfdd43b8f22e0fecf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A busca por materiais, tecnologias ou meios que tornem as edificações mais eficientes energeticamente é uma meta de pesquisadores, educadores e projetistas não só no Brasil, mas também no mundo. O uso de cores claras em coberturas tem sido bastante estudado como estratégia de resfriamento para climas quentes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o desempenho térmico de acabamentos de cor branca em coberturas e estimar o consumo de energia para um ambiente com cobertura branca. Adicionado ao emprego de acabamentos refletivos, empregou-se a aspersão de água pluvial sobre os acabamentos empregados. A caracterização do desempenho de acabamentos de tinta na cor branca requisitou a realização de ensaios para determinar as características dos acabamentos nas superfícies das telhas: emissividade, refletância solar e absorção de água aspergida. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica do assunto foi necessária para investigar metodologias aplicadas in pesquisas realizadas no mundo. Em telhas de fibrocimento foram aplicadas tintas imobiliárias comuns (de diferentes composições químicas, porém de mesma cor branca) associadas à aspersão de água e expostas a intempéries ambientais. Temperaturas superficiais internas das telhas e variáveis meteorológicas foram coletadas e analisadas, conjuntamente com dados dos ensaios de refletância solar, emissividade térmica e absorção de água na superfície das telhas de fibrocimento. Os resultados para a técnica refletiva de acabamentos de cor clara comprovaram as expectativas, no entanto, quando esta técnica foi associada à aspersão de água nas superfícies, os resultados foram otimizados. Esses resultados ilustram a necessidade da atenção na especificação do tipo de acabamento branco. Estimou-se, através de simulação térmica, a influência do acabamento branco no consumo de energia anual de um ambiente. O propósito deste trabalho é contribuir com informações adicionais em relação ao acabamento de cor branca, atenuando as temperaturas da cobertura de uma edificação, como demonstrar que o emprego de água pluvial pode atenuar o volume escoado pelas vias na estação chuvosa / Abstract: The search for materials, technologies and ways that can get constructions more energy efficient has been a concern of researches, educators and designers not only in Brazil, but also in the world. The use of light colors on roofing has been studied a lot; like cooling strategy for hot climates. The aim of this work is to analyze thermal performance of white coatings on roofing and to estimate energy savings in a room with white coating on roofing. Evaporative cooling, added to reflective cooling, was used through rain-water spraying on coating surfaces. Some testing on coatings as thermal emissivity, solar reflectance and absorption of sprayed water were requested for characterization of coatings thermal performance. In consequence of that literature review related to these themes was necessary to investigate methodologies applied in researches which have been done in the world. Commercial and ordinary paintings (of different chemical compositions, but with same color: white) were applied on fiber cement tiles in association to water spraying in weather conditions. Inside-surface temperatures and meteorological data were collected and analyzed together with solar reflectance, thermal emissivity and water absorption by tile coatings. Results of reflective technique proved expectations and illustrated that some attention is requested to choose the kind of white painting. However, when these coatings received water spraying on surfaces, they got the best results. The white coatings influences were considered through an annual thermal simulation energy saving. This work has the purpose to contribute with existing additional information in relation to white painting available, in order to get less roofing temperatures as well as to show that the rain water usage could be a tool for decreasing drained water on streets in rainy season / Doutorado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Doutora em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

L'objectif de cette thèse est l'élaboration d'un dispositif électro-émissif (DEE) à base de poly(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène) (PEDOT), obtenu par électropolymérisation, pouvant être envisagé pour une application de régulation thermique des satellites. Pour une meilleure compréhension du comportement optique du PEDOT dans l'IR, des couches modèles ont été élaborées avant la réalisation d'un dispositif complet.La première partie de ce travail a permis de caractériser des couches modèles de PEDOT obtenues par synthèse électrochimique sur ITO dans deux sels différents : le perchlorate de lithium (LiClO4) et le bis-trifluorométhylsulfonylimide de lithium (LiTFSI) dans l'acétonitrile (ACN) comme solvant. La morphologie, la conductivité électronique et les propriétés de réflectivité dans l'IR (gamme de longueur d'onde 8-20µm) du PEDOT ont été étudiées en fonction de l'état d'oxydation du PEDOT. La réflectivité dans l'IR du PEDOT à l'état dopé diminue fortement lorsque la rugosité augmente. Ceci a été attribué à l'augmentation du coefficient d'absorption pour une surface rugueuse comme cela a déjà été reporté pour les métaux. De plus, pour une morphologie identique, il a été montré que la réflectivité des couches modèles de PEDOT évolue avec la conductivité électronique de la même manière, quel que soit le sel utilisé ou la méthode d'élaboration des films. A l'état dopé, les films ont pu être décrits par le modèle de Drude, confirmant le caractère pseudo-métallique du PEDOT. Enfin, un pourcentage de réflectivité maximal de 67% a été obtenu à l'état oxydé et de 21% à l'état réduit, ces résultats donnent une idée des performances pouvant être atteintes dans les DEE à base de PEDOT.La seconde partie de ce travail a permis l'incorporation du PEDOT par électropolymérisation au sein d'une matrice hôte à base de réseau interpénétré de polymère (RIP) combinant le caoutchouc nitrile(NBR) et le poly(oxyde d'éthylène) (POE). Le DEE obtenu est basé sur une architecture tricouches "monobloc". Ainsi, la réalisation d'un DEE à base de RIP conducteur où le PEDOT est incorporé par électropolymérisation simultanément dans les deux faces du dispositif a été validée avec succès. Une fois gonflé d'électrolyte (LiClO4 dans le carbonate de propylène), les propriétés de réflectivité dans l'IR des dispositifs ont été comparées à celles des DEE dans lesquels le PEDOT est synthétisé chimiquement. Les propriétés de réflectivité dans l'IR et de conductivité électronique ont été corrélées de la même manière que pour les couches modèles, prouvant que le comportement du PEDOT varie peu quel que soit la méthode ou le support de synthèse utilisés. / The aim of this work is the elaboration of an electro-emissive (EED) device based on electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for thermal control of satellites. PEDOT layers were prepared before the realization of the device in order to have a better understanding of the PEDOT optical behavior in the IR range.In the first section of this work, PEDOT model layers obtained on ITO electrodes using lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) or lithium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylimide (LiTFSI) as supporting electrolytes and acetonitrile (ACN) as solvent were characterized. Morphology, electronic conductivity and IR reflectance properties (in the wavelength range 8-20 µm)were studied as a function of the PEDOT doping state. The IR reflectivity of doped PEDOT decreases drastically upon increasing surface roughness. This was attributed to enhanced absorption in the same way as reported for metallic surfaces. In addition, for the same morphology, the IR reflectivity is shown to follow the same trend as a function of the electronic conductivity for both salts. In the oxidized state, the layers can be described by the Drude model, confirming quasi-metallic behavior of PEDOT. Finally, the highest and lowest reflectance obtained for these PEDOT layers is 67% in the doped state ant 21% for the dedoped state respectively, which opens up interesting perspectives in terms of performances for the PEDOT-based EED.In the second part of this work, PEDOT was incorporated by electropolymerization in a host matrix based on interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) combining nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The obtained EED is based on a monoblock architecture similar to a three-layer device. Thus, the elaboration of conducting IPN based EED by electropolymerization of EDOT has been made simultaneously on both faces of the device. Once the system is swollen by an electrolyte (LiClO4 in propylene carbonate), reflectivity properties of the devices were compared to those obtained by chemical oxidative polymerization of EDOT within the matrix. IR reflectivity and electronic conductivity properties were correlated following the same trend as in PEDOT layers, this means that PEDOT behavior remains the same whatever the synthesis conditions or the electrodes used for electropolymerization.

La couleur est un critère important dans de nombreux secteurs d'activité pour identifier, comparer ou encore contrôler la qualité de produits. Cette tâche est souvent assumée par un opérateur humain qui effectue un contrôle visuel. Malheureusement la subjectivité de celui-ci rend ces contrôles peu fiables ou répétables. Pour contourner ces limitations, l'utilisation d'une caméra RGB permet d'acquérir et d'extraire des propriétés photométriques. Cette solution est facile à mettre en place et offre une rapidité de contrôle. Cependant, elle est sensible au phénomène de métamérisme. La mesure de réflectance spectrale est alors la solution la plus appropriée pour s'assurer de la conformité colorimétrique entre des échantillons et une référence. Ainsi dans l'imprimerie, des spectrophotomètres sont utilisés pour mesurer des patchs uniformes imprimés sur une bande latérale. Pour contrôler l'ensemble d'une surface imprimée, des caméras multi-spectrales sont utilisées pour estimer la réflectance de chaque pixel. Cependant, elles sont couteuses comparées aux caméras conventionnelles. Dans ces travaux de recherche, nous étudions l'utilisation d'une caméra RGB pour l'estimation de la réflectance dans le cadre de l'imprimerie. Nous proposons une description spectrale complète de la chaîne de reproduction pour réduire le nombre de mesures dans les phases d'apprentissage et pour compenser les limitations de l'acquisition. Notre première contribution concerne la prise en compte des limitations colorimétriques lors de la caractérisation spectrale d'une caméra. La deuxième contribution est l'exploitation du modèle spectrale de l'imprimante dans les méthodes d'estimation de réflectance. / Color is a major criterion for many sectors to identify, to compare or simply to control the quality of products. This task is generally assumed by a human operator who performs a visual inspection. Unfortunately, this method is unreliable and not repeatable due to the subjectivity of the operator. To avoid these limitations, a RGB camera can be used to capture and extract the photometric properties. This method is simple to deploy and permits a high speed control. However, it's very sensitive to the metamerism effects. Therefore, the reflectance measurement is the more reliable solution to ensure the conformity between samples and a reference. Thus in printing industry, spectrophotometers are used to measure uniform color patches printed on a lateral band. For a control of the entire printed surface, multispectral cameras are used to estimate the reflectance of each pixel. However, they are very expensive compared to conventional cameras. In this thesis, we study the use of an RGB camera for the spectral reflectance estimation in the context of printing. We propose a complete spectral description of the reproduction chain to reduce the number of measurements in the training stages and to compensate for the acquisition limitations. Our first main contribution concerns the consideration of the colorimetric limitations in the spectral characterization of a camera. The second main contribution is the exploitation of the spectral printer model in the reflectance estimation methods.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The area occupied by planted forests has increased significantly in the country, especially with Eucalyptus and Pinus genus. However, the means of determining of dendrometric variables the field are costly, require time and covers small areas. Thus, the orbital products applied in estimating the biophysical variables constitute an important source of data, which facilitate the process of acquiring information of the canopies, being useful, especially, in the planning in order to optimize productivity. This manner, this study aims evaluate the potential of the Landsat 8 satellite images in the differentiation of stage of growth and determining the biophysical variable of Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii. We used the 221-083 scene of Landsat 8/OLI satellite of the day 30th August 2013, being this converted to surface bidirectional reflectance from the radiometric calibration and, subsequently generated the ARVI vegetation indices, NDVI, NDVI, MVI, NDVI, SAVIL=0.25 SAVIL=0.50 and SR. The spectral behavior of the stands with different ages was established based on the reflectance of the red and near infrared bands. The reflectance of the bands and vegetation indexes was related to the forest volume, analyzing their correlation and adjustment of the data to the regression models, leading to selection of variables through Stepwise method. The Landsat 8 images are sensitive the variations of the characteristics of individuals according to the different growth stages of the forest stands, wherein for E. grandis to 4, 18 and 23 years, the increasing age caused reduction in reflectance in the NIR band and increased in the band Red. However, in stands of P. elliottii it was observed that increasing age led to an increased reflectance in the NIR band and reduction in red band. Correlation analysis between the spectral data and the forest volume of E. grandis showed that SAVIL=0.50 index showed better correlation with forest variable at both ages. The stands of P. elliottii the B5 band showed higher correlation with the volume to 9 years old, however at 10 years of age, the DVI index showed the highest correlation with the forest variable. Regression analysis for E. grandis has exposed the models of best fit, so that at 4 and 18, the equation containing the SAVI index explained 76% and 68% of the variability of the data. At 23 years, the composite model of the SAVI index and B7 band obtained R²aj of 0.67. For P. elliottii the best model to 9 years of age explained 74% of data variability, being this composed of the DVI index and B7 band. Thus, the Landsat 8 / OLI data can be used in forest planning, assisting in forest inventory, as well as knowledge of the individual phases of growth and the identification of forest species. / A superfície ocupada por florestas plantadas tem aumentado significativamente no território nacional, especialmente com os gêneros Eucalyptus e Pinus. Contudo, os meios de determinação das variáveis dendrométricas a campo são onerosos, requer de tempo e abrangem pequenas áreas. Assim, os produtos orbitais aplicados na estimativa das variáveis biofísicas constituem-se de uma importante fonte de dados, os quais facilitam o processo de aquisição de informações dos dosséis, sendo útil, especialmente, no planejamento visando a otimização da produtividade. Desse modo, esse estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a potencialidade das imagens do satélite Landsat 8 na diferenciação do estágio de crescimento e determinação da variável biofísica de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii. Utilizou-se a cena 221-083 do satélite Landsat 8/OLI do dia 30 de agosto de 2013, sendo essa convertida para reflectância bidirecional de superfície a partir da calibração radiométrica e, posteriormente gerados os índices de vegetação ARVI, DVI, GNDVI, MVI, NDVI, SAVI25, SAVI50 e SR. O comportamento espectral dos povoamentos com idades distintas foi estabelecido com base na reflectância das bandas do vermelho e infravermelho próximo. A reflectância das bandas e índices de vegetação foi relacionada com o volume florestal, analisando a sua correlação e o ajuste dos dados à modelos de regressão, conduzindo a seleção de variáveis por meio do método Stepwise. A imagem Landsat 8/OLI mostrou-se sensível às variações das características dos indivíduos em função das diferentes fases de crescimento dos povoamentos florestais, sendo que para E. grandis aos 4, 18 e 23 anos, o aumento da idade ocasionou a redução da reflectância na banda B5 e aumento na banda do vermelho. No entanto, em povoamentos de P. elliottii observou-se que o aumento da idade propiciou um aumento da reflectância na banda B5 e redução na banda do vermelho. A análise de correlação entre os dados espectrais e o volume florestal de E. grandis demonstrou que o índice SAVIL=0,50 apresentou melhor correlação com variável florestal em ambas as idades. Para povoamentos de P. elliottii a banda B5 demonstrou maior correlação com o volume aos 9 anos de idade, porém aos 10 anos de idades, o índice DVI apresentou maior correlação com a variável florestal. A análise de regressão para E. grandis expôs os modelos de melhor ajuste, de modo que aos 4 e 18 anos, a equação contendo o índice SAVI explicou 76% e 68% da variabilidade dos dados, respectivamente. Aos 23 anos, o modelo composto pelo índice SAVI e a banda B7 obteve R²aj de 0,67. Para P. elliotti o melhor modelo aos 9 anos de idade explicou 74% da variabilidade dos dados, sendo esse composto pela banda B5, já aos 10 anos o modelo englobou 73% da variabilidade, sendo esse composto pelo índice DVI e a banda B7. Desse modo, os dados Landsat 8/OLI podem ser utilizados no planejamento florestal, auxiliando em inventários florestais, bem como no conhecimento das fases de crescimento dos indivíduos e na identificação de espécies florestais.

Due to the invasive nature of quantification techniques, baseline pigment data for coral-dwelling zooxanthellae are not known. In an attempt to develop a model for non-invasive estimation of zooxanthellae pigment concentrations from corals, field samples were taken from Porites rus and P. lutea in Apra Harbor, Guam. In-situ reflectance spectra (R400-R800) from 22 coral colonies were collected. “Coral truthing” was accomplished by extracting corresponding tissue core samples. Subsequent analysis to quantify the concentrations of 6 zooxanthellae pigments (µg cm-2) was performed using HPLC. Trials of multiple linear regressions were attempted (EJ Hochberg) and found inappropriate, despite previous success. The multivariate calibration technique partial least squares regression (PLS-R) is an excellent tool in the case of co-linear variables. Thus, PLS-R was attempted for chlorophyll c2 and peridinin after demonstration of co-linearity. This may be an appropriate approach for development of bio-optical models to estimate zooxanthellae pigment concentrations. Further, the dinoflagellate diagnostic pigment peridinin may be of great value for reef-scale remote sensing of changes in coral status in the future.

L'objectif de cette thèse concerne l'association de deux techniques de mesure dans le cadre de la caractérisation in vivo de la peau. La première, nommée Spectroscopie de Réflectance Diffuse (DRS), permet la caractérisation des paramètres optiques de la peau analysée et quantifie les phénomènes d'absorption et de diffusion de la lumière. La deuxième est la microspectroscopie Raman. Elle fournit une identification chimique des composés analysés sans marquage. L'objet de cette thèse est d'évaluer l'effet de l'interaction lumière-matière sur les capacités de localisation et de quantification de la microspectroscopie Raman, lesquelles sont dégradées dans un milieu diffusant tel que la peau. Une approche in vivo bimodale (DRS et Raman) est proposée pour la caractérisation biochimique quantitative des tissus cutanés avec l'idée d'établir un protocole de correction des spectres Raman acquis, en exploitant les propriétés optiques fournies par la DRS. Elle est décomposée en trois axes de travail complémentaires : le développement d'une instrumentation DRS permettant la mesure des spectres de réflectance diffuse et le calcul des propriétés optiques dans la zone sondée par la spectroscopie Raman ; le développement de fantômes optiques permettant une compréhension expérimentale des phénomènes d'absorption, de diffusion élastique et de diffusion Raman; le développement d'un protocole de correction des spectres Raman à partir des propriétés optiques obtenues par DRS. / This thesis relates to the combination of two in vivo skin characterization techniques. On the one hand, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) enables skin optical properties characterization by quantifying light absorption and light elastic scattering. On the other hand, Raman microspectroscopy provides information on molecular compositions of tissues with no need of labeling. Localization and quantification functions of Raman microspectroscopy are both distorted in scattering media such as skin. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to assess the effect of light-matter interactions on these functions. A bimodal method is proposed to achieve quantitative biochemical characterization of cutaneous tissues in vivo. The main idea is to develop a procedure of Raman spectra correction based on the quantified optical properties provided by DRS. This work was divided in three complementary approaches: the development of a system enabling diffuse reflectance and optical properties measurements in the same zone as Raman microspectroscopy; the fabrication of optical phantoms improving our knowledge on absorption, elastic scattering and Raman scattering phenomena; and the development of a Raman spectra correction model as function of the skin optical properties given by DRS measurements.

Le développement de variétés performantes de blé dur (Triticum turgidum durum) doit prendre en compte la corrélation négative entre rendement et teneur en protéines (GPC). Une meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène nécessite une connaissance de l'élaboration des composantes de ces variables. Au cours de cette thèse nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'étude du déterminisme de paramètres foliaires pendant le remplissage du grain (morphologie, résorption d'azote/senescence) ainsi que leurs relations avec les caractéristiques post-récolte (rendement, GPC). La population d'étude est constituée de 282 lignées recombinantes issues d'un croisement demi-diallèle entre quatre lignées élites. Les données proviennent d'expérimentations menées en milieu contrôlé (3 expérimentations) et en plein champ (2 essais).En milieu contrôlé, plusieurs variables (teneur en azote, masse surfacique) ont été prédites par spectrométrie infrarouge à raison de mesures régulières au cours de la période d'intérêt. La résorption d'azote de la dernière feuille a été modélisée pour chaque génotype dont les paramètres ont été analysés. Un lien négatif fort a été établi entre la date d'initiation de la résorption (t0) en temps thermique post-floraison et sa durée et un lien positif entre cette date clé et le poids individuel des grains. A l'échelle de la parcelle, le suivi dynamique de la senescence par la mesure d'évolution d'un indice de végétation, le NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) a montré une relation forte entre vitesse d'évolution de la senescence et son ordonnée à l'origine, suggérant que la fin de la senescence était un phénomène très contraint dans les conditions environnementales de plein champ.En absence de stress azoté, l'analyse des 4 géniteurs a montré que des combinaisons linéaires de paramètres foliaires permettaient d'expliquer environ 2/3 des variations de la production en grains d'un épi et de la GPC. En considérant l'ensemble de la population, les effets antagonistes d'une résorption tardive sur la production de grains et la teneur en protéines ont été établis. Une carence en azote appliquée post-floraison provoque une résorption précoce et longue, ce qui semble d'avantage affecter la GPC que le rendement. Une carence en azote appliqué pré-floraison réduit la quantité d'azote disponible dans les feuilles drapeau (et par conséquent leur potentiel photosynthétique) ainsi que le nombre de grains alors que les apports tardifs en azote réalisés dans ce traitement vont retarder la résorption donc augmenter le poids individuel des grains et la GPC. L'analyse génétique en modèle mixte a permis de prendre en compte un apparentement entre lignées, calculé grâce aux pedigrees ou aux marqueurs. Ces deux estimateurs de l'apparentement sont très fortement corrélés ; l'ordonnée à l'origine de la relation (0.3) pouvant être interprétée comme une mesure de l'identité par état de la population de base à partir de laquelle les géniteurs sont issus. Par conséquent, les variances additives issues d'un apparentement marqueurs sont systématiquement supérieures à celles d'un apparentement pedigree. Les valeurs d'héritabilité des variables étudiées caractérisant la morphologie de la feuille drapeau à floraison et des paramètres de résorption d'azote sont du même ordre de grandeur que celles du rendement d'un épi et de la teneur en protéines des grains.En conclusion, nous discutons des stratégies de sélection autour de la corrélation négative rendement/GPC en lien avec la résorption d'azote et la senescence, de l'intérêt de l'utilisation du modèle dit « animal » pour les analyses génétiques et la recherche de QTL. / Performing cultivar development of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum) have to take in consideration the negative correlation existing between yield and grain protein content (GPC). A best comprehension of this phenomenon needs the knowledge of these variables elaboration. During this thesis, we focused on the study of foliar parameters determinism during the grain filling (morphology, nitrogen resorption/senescence) and their relations with post-harvest parameters (yield, GPC). The population was formed of 282 recombinant lines coming from a half-diallel cross between 4 elite lines. Data are from experimentations on controlled environment (3 experimentations) and on field (2 experimentations).In controlled environment, various variables (nitrogen content, mass area) were predicted using near-infrared spectroscopy and performing regular measures during the period of interest. Nitrogen resorptions of the last leaf were modeled for each genotype and parameters were analyzed. A strong negative correlation was established between the resorption initiation date (t0) in thermal time post-flowering and its duration and a positive correlation was established between t0 and the grain individual weight. At the plot scale, the dynamic monitoring of senescence through measures of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) evolution showed a strong relation between the senescence evolution rate and its intercept, suggesting the senescence end was a very constraint phenomenon in field.Without nitrogen stress, the analysis of the 4 genitors indicated that linear combinations of foliar parameters could explain around 2/3 of one-spike grain production and GPC variations. Considering the entire population, the antagonist effects of a late resorption on grain production and on the GPC were established. A post-flowering nitrogen stress causes an early and long resorption which seems to affect more GPC than yield. A pre-flowering nitrogen stress reduces nitrogen quantity available in flag leaves (and consequently their photosynthetic potential) and the grain number whereas late nitrogen inputs of this environment delay resorption and raise grain individual weight and GPC.The genetic analysis in mixed model allowed taking into account relatedness among lines, calculated with pedigrees or markers. Those 2 relatedness estimators are strongly correlated; the regression intercept (0.3) can be interpreted as an identity-by-state measure of the base population from which genitors are derived. Consequently, additive variances from a marker-relatedness model are always superior to additive variances form a pedigree-relatedness model. Heritability values of the study variables (flag leaf morphology and nitrogen resorption parameters) have the same order of magnitude than those of one-spike yield and GPC.Field experimentations allowed highlighting the flag leaf weight as a contributor organ to yield and GPC. Nitrogen balance showed a link between post-flowering nitrogen fluxes and nitrogen available at flowering. Genotype-phenotype association's research was realized through a simple-marker analysis for all the experimentations and a Composite Interval Mapping analysis only for data obtained in greenhouses. A stable QTL was detected on the 3 controlled environments for t0. QTL comparison on controlled environment QTL and field QTL highlighted various area containing QTL on certain chromosomes: an area of foliar nitrogen content at flowering QTL on the 1A, an area of GPC QTL, Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW) QTL and grain number QTL on the 2A, an area of foliar morphology QTL on the 2B, an area of TKW QTL on the 3B and an area of senescence variables QTL on the 7B.In conclusion, we discuss about breeding strategies around the negative correlation yield/GPC in relations with nitrogen resorption and senescence and about the interest to use the “animal” model for genetic analysis and QTL research.

This thesis deals with the structure of the optical wireless link intended for indoor applications. Optical transmitters and optical receivers as the basic elements of optical links and their characteristics and parameters are described. The characteristics of lenses used in the transmitter and receiver are presented. The special chapter is devoted to the directional reflectance properties of surfaces. The last part of the thesis is focused on a specific proposal of the wireless optical links and its power level diagram.

Goal of my master´s thesis is examination of non-invasive blood glucose measurement methods, and designing of device for non-invasive blood glucose reading. The introductory chapter of thesis contains description of know different methods for blood glucose measurement, mainly Near Infra-Red region (NIR) measurement with spectroscopy methods. This project describes pathology of Diabetes Mellitus, specifies how it is divided, and looks also on human metabolism. The theoretical part contains exploration of blood glucose measurement methods. Thesis continues with system scheme design for non/invasive glucose measurement device, based on present knowledge. Major principle of device is measuring with Infra-Red laser, bifurcate optic fiber and photodiode. Design of printed circuit board is also present. Document contains also designs of software diagrams for calibration and processing program written in C# language. Communication between device and computer is made via USB. Microcontroller with C language program is part of designed device. It is used to send measured values into PC and also receives data from computer. This data determines blood glucose concentration and their thresholds.

This thesis deals with the development of a new methodology for automatic generation of scanning positions based on a computer model of the part for digitization of sheet metal parts. Manufacture and related inspection of sheet metal parts are closely connected to automotive industry. Based on increasing general requirements on accuracy, there is also a requirement for accurate inspection of manufactured parts in serial-line production. Optical 3D scanners and industrial robots are used more often for that purpose. Measuring positions for accurate and fast digitization of a part need to be prepared as the manufacturing of the new part begins. Planning of such positions is done manually by positioning of the industrial robot and saving the positions. The planning of positions proposed by this methodology is done automatically. A methodology of positions planning, their simulation for true visibility of the part elements using reflectance model and a simulation of the positions for robot reachability is presented in this thesis. The entire methodology is implemented as a plug-in for the Rhinoceros software. High reduction of time in positions planning compared to the manual approach was observed in the performed experiments.