¡§Science¡¨, ¡§Technology¡¨ and ¡§Innovation¡¨ are more important than the conventional productive elements in the era of knowledge economy. Lots of countries emphasized to advance the spread of knowledge in the innovation systems. Department of Industrial Technology also thought the relationships between governments, enterprises, research institutions and universities are important. Furthermore, the regional innovation system is the base of the national innovation system, but there were few research papers about regional innovation system. Therefore, we thought the regional innovation system is very important for regional developing and even the country. We collected the critical factors of the regional innovation system by literature review and the analysis of cases. And then, we adopt Delphi method to collect the professional¡¦s advices and check the critical factors of the regional innovation system. In concluding, we found out the factors below: 1.Governments should choose ¡§R&D¡¨ to be the orientation of the region, and supply the infrastructures to construct the good environment. It should establish relative policies and laws, and hold some exhibitions and conferences to promote the cooperation between the components. Central government and local governments should build good channel to communicate each other. 2.The research institutions, universities, and enterprises should have their own authorities and lead in the experts around the world. And they should spread the talents, technologies, and achievements between them. Furthermore, they should communicate with other international institutes. Having enough funds of R&D is also important for the research institutions, universities, and enterprises. 3.Finally, some results that we couldn¡¦t explain here is like intellectual property rights. Protecting intellectual property rights would increase invention and innovation, but sharing the knowledge and technology are also important for an innovation system. Consequently, the follow-up researchers could continue to research this subject.

The topic of Regional Innovation System (RIS) is gradually emphasized. The RIS includes four compositions. They are local government, industry, university and public research organization. The RIS results in industry cluster and provides economic development in regions such as known Silicon Valley. Thus, many countries have begun to develop RIS. In recent days, Mainland China has put emphasis on regional technology development. The experience of regional innovation in Mainland China may provide a suggestion for Taiwan. However, how to evaluate regional innovation performance is attractive. The performance of RIS in Mainland China is examined in the context of a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The model is tested using data from a sample of 31 cities in Mainland China. This study will provide some important innovation suggestions for regional innovation activities.

This dissertation aims to answer the main question of "How does regional ecology (few or many small innovative firms in a region) enhance or limit innovation?" Put differently, how vital is the mix of small and large firms for regional innovation performance? From the policy perspective, the results of this study shed some light for policy maker to assess the "knowledge searching" strategies of firms when choosing locations. The research design combines a unique survey of patent inventors in the United States and archival data. Georgia Tech inventor survey data contains commercialization measures for patented inventions and information on firm characteristics. Using this archival data, data has been collected on regional innovation measures, regional-level attributes and project-level measures. The results indicate that the agglomeration of specialized firms is positively associated with regional innovation activities, as the Marshall-Arrow-Romer model proposed. In addition to traditional regional measures, small firm dominated ecology is a strong factor explaining regional commercialization activities, even though the role is not very significant when explaining the regional patenting activities. It is suggested that the organizational ecological perspective is complementary to understand information flow mechanisms in innovative regions. One mechanism of SME dominated ecologies is partially through the increase of skilled labor mobility. Furthermore, when the regional ecology moves towards being dominated by small firms, large firms benefit more from the presence of many innovative small firms than SMEs. By contrast, the concentration of innovative small firms does not add much value for SMEs. I suggest the focus of policies should be on understanding the heterogeneous ability of accessing localized knowledge resources between large and small firms. Deriving from the findings, policy implications and future research are discussed.

This study describes how institutions in a developing country, South Africa influence the salient characteristics and patterns of innovation in firms belonging to an emerging versus a mature industry. The patterns and characteristics of innovation in firms belonging to industries in different phases of their life cycles are influenced by various factors. Because of the wide range of factors and often due to the endogenous relationships between them, empirical studies in describing these patterns remain inconclusive. This research describes the patterns and the significant innovation characteristics of the firms through the lens of institutions. Special attention is paid to the institutional frameworks influencing innovation in firms at national and regional levels. These frameworks are often referred to as National and Regional Innovation Systems. The central argument of this study is that these innovation systems are expected to influence the characteristics of innovation in different ways when firms are situated in developed versus the developing countries. In this regard, this study attempts to contribute to the innovation knowledge-base of developing countries. The salient characteristics discussed in this study are types, institutional support (government), centre of knowledge and geographical locations of innovations. Chi-square, t-tests and stepwise logistic regressions were run on the responses of the firms regarding the chosen characteristics. The results suggest that in most cases these characteristics were different in firms belonging to an emerging versus a mature industry. Also the patterns of innovation were mostly dissimilar from the expectations of the studies based in the developed world. A logistic model was built to explain the relationships between the individual characteristics and the firms belonging to the two phases of the industry life cycle. The model, formulated on the salient characteristics of innovation discussed could successfully predict if a firm belonged to a mature industry or not. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Biotechnologies are nowadays considered to be crucial for the transition to a knowledge-based economy and their development has a positive effect on the competitive strength of countries and regions. The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess, in a complex way, the biotechnology sector development potential in a particular region -- in the Olomouc Region. The theoretical part provides a general theoretical framework for the subject matter and a general description of the sector. The complex assessment of the development potential of biotechnologies is based on several partial analyses. The thesis analyzes the general characteristics of the innovation environment in the Olomouc Region, the education and research facilities that are present in this region, the biotechnology business sector and their mutual cooperation. Thesis also maps the current projects in the area of biotechnology and the key personalities in terms of the development of biotechnologies in the Olomouc Region.

The thesis deals with the analysis of Nachod and Tachov regions' economic structure. The aim of this work is to discover the range and character of differences between these regional economic structures within a national innovation system. Regions showing approximately similar vertical geographic position were chosen for the analysis deliberately, however they differ in various actualities, such as, for instance, their position in terms of west-east gradient, or more precisely horizontal geographic position. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the suppliers and consumers, manufacturing programmes, and not least ownership structures, the basic typology of the economic subjects from the manufacturing industry was executed. The results of this analysis point out significant dependence of the Tachov region on the activities of foreign investors and underdeveloped entrepreneurial environment. Nachod region reports, in the interregional comparison, better results in assessing the economic structure and features clearly more endogenous regional development than Tachov region. Key words: global production network, regional innovation system, manufacturing industry, economic structure

This study explores the Regional Innovation System (RIS) approach which is an efficient policy tool for the achievement of regional development in the global competition environment and aims to evaluate the social and institutional gains of Mersin RIS following the implementation of Mersin Regional Innovation Strategy (RIStr). An analysis of Mersin RIStr, which is the first and the only RIStr of Turkey, has been taken as a case study. Mersin RIStr, as being a project supported in the context of European Union 6. Framework program, aims to improve the regional innovation infrastructure and capacity of Mersin. RIS is not only technological but is also a social process and accordingly requires intense regional interaction networks. In this context, the impact of RIStr on the improvement of RIS in Mersin has been evaluated through the determinants of new institutional structures, improvements in lobor market conditions, newly occured cooperation networks and newly produced project-products-services-skills. Indepth interview method has been used for the survey. Interviews were carried out with the stakeholders of strategy project. Throughout the survey, gains of the region in general terms and gains of the specified leading sectors / i.e. tourism, logistic and agro-food, have been evaluated from the perspective of stakeholders. Social and institutional achievements of Mersin RIS have been evaluated in detail with the aim of presenting the effectiveness and weaknesses of strategy as being a new model case for the other regions in Turkey.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-09-28T13:48:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samuel Martim de Conto_.pdf: 7491691 bytes, checksum: 80110bf6960d9ac867d4989bbe145ffc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T13:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samuel Martim de Conto_.pdf: 7491691 bytes, checksum: 80110bf6960d9ac867d4989bbe145ffc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Nenhuma / A formação histórica da economia do Rio Grande do Sul está alicerçada na produção primária em geral, com predomínio das pequenas propriedades rurais. Atualmente, a característica do setor industrial gaúcho é distinto da maior parte dos demais Estados do pais, como por exemplo São Paulo. Dessa forma, com o constante aumento da competitividade e tendo no RS o predomínio de micro, pequenas e médias empresas de capital nacional, faz-se necessário compreender as estruturas de apoio no desenvolvimento e introdução de inovações nas empresas. Assim, esta tese teve como objetivo geral compreender a dinâmica de relacionamento das empresas gaúchas com os Sistemas de Inovação Regional e Nacional tendo em vista a promoção da inovação. Para atender ao objetivo de estudo, foi utilizado um procedimento metodológico do tipo pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, através da realização de pesquisa junto à 83 empresas da indústria de transformação, localizadas nas cinco maiores regiões do RS em número de estabelecimentos industriais, a saber: Metropolitano Delta do Jacuí, Paranhana – Encosta da Serra, Serra, Vale do Rio dos Sinos e Vale do Taquari. Foi utilizado o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para identificar com quais atores dos Sistemas de Inovação as empresas tiveram mais interações nos anos de 2015 e 2016. Os resultados gerais apontaram que as empresas industriais participantes da pesquisa, em relação ao Sistema Nacional de Inovação, a interação está associada com a obtenção de financiamento público através, principalmente, dos atores BNDES, FINEP e Banco do Brasil. Já quanto ao relacionamento das pequenas, médias e grandes empresas gaúchas com o Sistema Regional de Inovação, ocorreram principalmente com o ator Universidades, particularmente as regionais, que tem um amplo conhecimento das necessidades e demandas da região onde atuam. Por fim, são apresentadas sugestões de melhorias no dinamismo dos Sistemas de Inovação, sobretudo, na ampliação das políticas de apoio ao desenvolvimento da inovação no ambiente empresarial, bem como, das fontes de financiamento e agências de fomento voltadas à inovação. / The historical formation of the economy of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state is based mainly on primary sector with a predominance of small rural properties. Currently, the characteristics of the industrial sector of Rio Grande do Sul are distinct from most of the other states of the country, such as São Paulo for example. With the constant increase in the competitiveness and the predominance of micro, small and medium enterprises with national capital, it becomes necessary to understand the support structures required for the development of innovation into the companies of RS. The general objective of this work is understanding the dynamics of relationship between the companies and the Regional and National Innovation Systems in order to promote innovation. For obtaining the study goals, a descriptive and quantitative research was performed through a survey made in 83 companies from the manufacturing sector, all of them located in the five largest state regions in number of industrial establishments (Metropolitano Delta do Jacuí, Paranhana - Encosta da Serra, Serra, Vale do Rio dos Sinos and Vale do Taquari). Still, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was made to identify which actors of the Innovation Systems the companies had more interactions in the years of 2015 and 2016, respectively. The general results pointed out that these companies that participated in the survey, in relation to the National System of Innovation, had more interaction associated with the purpose of obtaining public financing through mainly the BNDES (Brazilian Development Bank), FINEP (Funding Authority for Studies and Projects) and Bank of Brasil actors. Regarding to the relationship between small, medium and large companies in Rio Grande do Sul state and the Regional Innovation System, they were mainly universities, particularly regional ones, with a large background of the regional needs and demands where they operate. Finally some suggestions are presented for improvements in the dynamism of Innovation Systems, especially in the expansion of suport policies for the development of innovation in the business environment, as well as funding sources and innovation agencies.

Inovacijos yra plačiai vertinamos kaip ekonomikos augimo ir konkurencingumo varomoji jėga. Regioninė inovacinė sistema gali būti suvokiama kaip inovatyvių tinklų ir institucijų sistema, veikianti tam tikrame regione, ir per nuolatinį bei stiprų vidinį sąveikavimą užtikrinanti regiono įmonių novatoriškumą. Regioninės inovacijų sistemos koncepcija akcentuoja sąveikos ir bendradarbiavimo tarp įvairių veikėjų, tokių kaip: įmonės, viešos mokslinių tyrimų ir plėtros institucijos, įskaitant universitetus, vieši ar privatūs technologijų perdavimo centrai, svarbą. Autorės darbe atliktas Klaipėdos regiono bendradarbiavimo inovacinėje srityje empirinis tyrimas ir pritaikant tyrimo duomenis sudaryta Klaipėdos regiono inovacijų sistemos SSGG analizė. Tyrimo objektas – verslo įmonių bendradarbiavimo veiksmai Klaipėdos regiono inovacinėje sistemoje. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti Klaipėdos regiono įmonių tarpusavio bei bendradarbiavimo su mokslinių tyrimų ir plėtros institucijomis ryšius inovacinėje veikloje ir atsižvelgiant į tyrimo rezultatus pateikti rekomendacijas Klaipėdos apskrities regioninės inovacinės sistemos tobulinimui. Pirmoje darbo dalyje analizuojami regioninės inovacinės sistemos ir resursais grįstos regioninės plėtros ir žinių persiliejimo koncepcijų teoriniai aspektai, taip pat inovatyvumo lygis Lietuvoje. Antroje dalyje pateikiama tyrimo metodologija ir metodai. Trečioje dalyje atliekamas Klaipėdos regiono verslo įmonių tarpusavio bei bendradarbiavimo su mokslo ir plėtros... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Innovations are widely seen as the driving force of economic growth and competitiveness. The regional innovation system can be understood as a system of innovative networks and institutions located within a certain region, with a strong internal interaction that promotes the innovativeness of the region’s companies. The concept of an innovation regional system stresses the role of the interaction and co – operation between various agents such as companies, public research and development institutions including universities, scientific institutes and public or private technology transfer centers. The author of the paper undertook research into the regional innovation system of Klaipeda’s county. The object of this research is to analyze the interactions between enterprises and different research institutions in the region regarding innovation activities. The survey of enterprises measured different types of linkages which characterize firms’ innovation activity. The aim of the research is to analyze the interaction and co – operation in innovation activity between enterprises and public or private scientific research and development institutions in Klaipeda’s county, based on the results of the research to provide the recommendations on how to improve Klaipeda’s regional innovation system. The first part of the thesis analyzes the theoretical aspects of the regional innovation system, the resources - based regional development and the distribution of knowledge concepts and... [to full text]

The economic growth of a region is related to the stock of attributes and local capacity to innovate, as result of interaction of different actors - companies, universities, government, financial institutions, among others - that have formal and non-formal relationships, shaping networks. In this context this paper performs the mapping about the development and technological capacity situational subject to contribution, legal framework to encourage innovation, considering institutional relationships and their performance, based on the model built by Etzkowitz - Triple Helix, as a way to analyze the regional development from the perspective of the Regional Innovation System. The intent to evaluate the current scenario and the possibilities of strengthening the Innovative and Productive System of the State of Alagoas, in order to provide elements for discussion of development and innovative policy in the state. For this purpose, we used the Delphi methodology, in which local experts are consulted in the matter under discussion, trying to get a consensus on the answers as a way to build a scenario or projection, especially in the absence of historical data. We consulted forty experts in different areas of knowledge and geographical reality of the state of Alagoas, in two rounds of questionnaires and interviews. How relevant results points to: a) the local productive sectors not follow the strategic guidelines of national policy, b) the state´s production, mostly, is intended for local demand, without the capacity to compete in other markets, reflecting of low maturity displayed; c) state of art of science development in the state, with low index of application in productive sectors, with few exceptions, d) state policies have been characterized as the most appropriate than federal policies; e) there is an imbalance in the current scenario of the Innovation System of Alagoas as their systemic relationships, which are often ad hoc and uncoordinated. The obtained results can be useful to mobilize all the forces of the state, establishing common goals, able to leverage local development. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O crescimento econômico de uma região está relacionado ao estoque de atributos e à capacidade local de gerar inovações, como resultado da interação de diferentes agentes empresas, universidades, órgãos públicos, instituições financeiras, dentre outro que se relacionam tanto formal quanto informalmente, moldando redes de interações. Nesse contexto é que esta dissertação realiza o mapeamento situacional quanto ao desenvolvimento e capacidade tecnológica passível de aporte, marco legal de incentivo à inovação, quanto às relações institucionais e seu desempenho, tomando por base o modelo construído por Etzkowitz - Triple Helix (hélice tripla), como forma de analisar o desenvolvimento regional sob a óptica do Sistema Regional de Inovação. O intento é apresentar o atual cenário e as possibilidades de fortalecimento do Sistema Produtivo e Inovativo do Estado de Alagoas, de forma a prover elementos de discussão da política de desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovativo no estado. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa Delphi, em que são consultados especialistas no assunto em discussão, tentando obter um consenso nas respostas, como forma de construir um cenário ou projeção, especialmente na falta de dados históricos. Foram consultados quarenta profissionais, com experiência em distintas áreas de conhecimento e realidade geográfica do estado de Alagoas, em duas rodadas de aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Como resultados relevantes apontam-se: a) os setores produtivos alagoanos não acompanham as diretrizes estratégicas da política nacional; b) a produção do estado, em sua maioria, é destinada à demanda local, sem capacidade de competir em outros mercados; reflexo da baixa maturidade produtiva apresentada; c) a pesquisa científica desenvolvida no estado, não chega a ser aplicada nos setores produtivos, salvas raras exceções; d) as políticas estaduais foram caracterizadas como mais adequadas que as políticas federais; e) há um desequilíbrio no atual cenário do Sistema Alagoano de Inovação quanto a suas relações sistêmicas, que muitas vezes são pontuais e descoordenadas. Os dados obtidos podem ajudar na mobilização de forças do estado, estabelecendo objetivos comuns, capazes de alavancar o desenvolvimento local.