關於台灣的土地登記制度，學者們皆謂之為托崙斯登記制度，或是兼採托崙斯登記制度與權利登記制度的優點創設而成的制度；無論何者為正確，都可發現台灣的土地登記制度與澳大利亞的托崙斯登記制度有相當的淵源。 然而，托崙斯登記制度的內涵為何，長久以來國內的文獻卻幾乎付之闕如。這造成了兩個問題，第一：缺乏對托崙斯登記制度的認識，但是在土地登記制度的研究上卻指稱其與托崙斯登記制度有一定程度上的相關，這在邏輯上面產生了矛盾之處。第二：在國內的登記制度運作下，學理上或實務上產生的問題，常只能就法條規定的字義作解釋，無法回過頭掌握當初的立法精神，更無法瞭解數十年來托崙斯登記制度是否亦遭遇相同的問題，以及解決方式。尤其若稱國內的登記制度便是托崙斯登記制度時，則托崙斯登記制度的演化及變革，便是我國土地登記制度可參考的重要資料；因此國內數十年來對於這方面資料的缺乏且亦乏人研究，甚為可惜。 因此本文嘗試由澳大利亞的法令規定、文獻，以及大陸地區現有對於托崙斯登記制度研究的些許資料著手，企圖一窺托崙斯登記制度的相關規定及精神內涵等。在呈現出托崙斯登記制度後，再進一步與台灣土地登記制度作比較，並為台灣土地登記制度現所遭遇的一些課題，從托崙斯登記制度的角度下手為其提供些許建議，以期國內的土地登記制度能夠更臻完善，更能兼顧到土地權利關係人的保障。

Visual representation is the most important element of a design registration in terms of scope of protection. This study examines national, regional and international design registration systems in terms of legal texts and guidelines related to visual representation, investigates problematic issues concerning the features and qualities of visual representation in industrial design registration applications in Turkey through the interviews conducted with the Turkish Patent Institute examiners, and proposes a guideline for Turkey which would assist applicants and attorneys in preparing visual representations.

Medical image analysis aims at developing techniques to extract information from medical images. Among its many sub-fields, image registration and segmentation are two important topics. In this report, we present four pieces of work, addressing different problems as well as coupling them into a unified framework of shape based image segmentation. Specifically: 1. We link the image registration with the point set registration, and propose a globally optimal diffeomorphic registration technique for point set registration. 2. We propose an image segmentation technique which incorporates the robust statistics of the image and the multiple contour evolution. Therefore, the method is able to simultaneously extract multiple targets from the image. 3. By combining the image registration, statistical learning, and image segmentation, we perform a shape based method which not only utilizes the image information but also the shape knowledge. 4. A multi-scale shape representation based on the wavelet transformation is proposed. In particular, the shape is represented by wavelet coefficients in a hierarchical way in order to decompose the shape variance in multiple scales. Furthermore, the statistical shape learning and shape based segmentation is performed under such multi-scale shape representation framework.

Šiame darbe sukurta mainų programų studentų studijų registravimo sistema, kuri studentams leidžia efektyviai užpildyti reikiamas anketas, o administruojančiam asmeniui jas administruoti. Darbo metu buvo atlikta šios sistemos reikalavimų ir registracijos anketų analizė ir pagal tai suprojektuota duomenų bazė bei pati sistema. Pagal projektą buvo realizuota duomenų bazė ir sistema, kuri leidžia studentams pildyti „Erasmus“ mainų programos ir nuolatinių studijų registracijos anketas bei administratoriui jas peržiūrėti ir priklausomai nuo sprendimo jas patvirtinti arba atmesti. Ši sistema pritaikyta Šiaulių universiteto tarptautinių ryšių skyriuje, Šiaulių universiteto mainų programų registracijai. / The purpose of this work is to create exchange programmes student studies registration system, which allow to fill neccessary application forms for students more efficiently and to review filled applications for administration personnel. In the flow of this work, analysis of system requirements and application forms were made. Based on analysis results, system and its database were designed. Based on design, dabatase and system, which allow to fill applications for „Erasmus“ exchange programme and degree studies were realized. System allow to review and approve or disapprove filled applications for administrator. This system is planning to adapt for registration to echange programmes in Siauliai university.

The process of embryogenesis is governed by the expressions of groups of genes which are acting in a coordinate way. Uncovering how the expressions of these genes control the development of a multicellular organism is fundamental for developmental biology. Gene expression atlases could capture quantitative spatio-temporal information of all genes expressed in a developing embryo. In other words, they could reveal the underlying genetic activity during the embryogenetic processes by providing information about, apart from how much and which, where and when the genes are expressed at cellular level and the interactions between them. The extraction of relative gene expression data and their simultaneous study in animal models, such as zebrafish, would be greatly facilitated by the existence of such atlases. This Master Thesis focuses on the early zebrafish embryogenesis and its goal is to design and implement an image processing framework that will provide the means to gather the expression patterns of different genes from different embryos at a given developmental stage into a common template. The framework should work with image-based data from different embryos, each fluorescently stained to label nuclear DNA and the expression patterns of a reference gene and another gene of interest. The volumetric data from each fluorescent label are contained in different channels. Therefore the crux of the framework lies in its ability to combine appropriately the information from the different channels and deal with a three-dimensional image registration problem. The implemented framework works with datasets of two embryos, one that serves as a template and depicts a whole embryo and another that has to be aligned with the first and depicts part of the other embryo. It is composed of different steps, responsible for preprocessing the channels, coarsely positioning the partial embryo view in the three dimensional template’s space and determining the geometrical transformation that finally aligns it with the template using as reference the gene expression pattern common to all labelled embryos. The resulting transformation is used to map the second expression patterns, thus producing their spatial expression atlas. The algorithm developed is based on the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit. The framework was evaluated with data from six embryos at the same developmental stage and four different registration methods were compared in terms of performance. Visual inspection of the results identified the combination of the correlation coefficient, as a similarity measure function between two images, with the gradient descent optimization algorithm as the most appropriate method for this specific application. The final results obtained showed that the framework achieves its goal of integrating several gene expression patterns into a common template. This framework is ready to be used in order to construct a gene expression atlas integrating a large number of gene expression data of the zebrafish embryogenesis. In the near future, this atlas should be validated with known genetic interactions and used to unravel new ones, so that gene regulatory network models can become a reality. / Η διαδικαςία ανάπτυξης των εμβρύων καθορίζεται από τις συγχρονισμένες εκφράσεις ορισμένων γονιδίων. Το πώς αυτές ελέγχουν την δημιουργία ενός πολυκύτταρου οργανισμού από ένα κύτταρο αποτελεί αντικείμενο μελέτης της Αναπτυξιακής Βιολογίας. Ένας χάρτης γονιδιακής έκφρασης θα μπορούσε να συνδυάζει χρονικές, χωρικές και ποσοτικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με την έκφραση των γονιδίων που ενορχηστρώνουν την διαδικασία ανάπτυξης ενός εμβρύου. Σε έναν τέτοιον χάρτη η γενετική δραστηριότητα θα αναλυόταν σε συνιστώσες που αφορούν το ποια, πότε, πού και πόσο εκφράζονται τα γονίδια σε κυτταρικό επίπεδο. Η ύπαρξη τέτοιων χαρτών για οργανισμούς, όπως το ζεβρόψαρο, που πρωταγωνιστεί σε μελέτες που αφορούν σπονδυλωτά, θα διευκολύνει την ταυτόχρονη μελέτη των εκφράσεων και των μεταξύ τους αλληλεπιδράσεων. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εστιάζεται στον σχεδιασμό και στην υλοποίηση μιας διαδικασίας επεξεργασίας εικόνας που θα είναι ικανή να συγκεντρώσει τις γονιδιακές εκφράσεις ενός συγκεκριμένου σταδίου ανάπτυξης του ζεβρόψαρου σε έναν τρισδιάστατο άτλαντα. Τα δεδομένα που πρέπει να επεξεργαστεί είναι τρισδιάστατες απεικονίσεις διαφορετικών εμβρύων, κάθε ένα από τα οποία έχει σημανθεί με φθορίζουσες ουσίες με στόχους το DNA των πυρήνων και τις εκφράσεις δύο γονιδίων, εκ των οποίων η μία είναι κοινή για όλα τα έμβρυα. Η πληροφορία που αποκαλύπτει κάθε ουσία βρίσκεται σε διαφορετικό κανάλι της κάθε εικόνας. Συνεπώς η διαδικασία θα πρέπει να συνδυάζει κατάλληλα τις πληροφορίες των διαφορετικών καναλιών και να ευθυγραμμίζει τρισδιάστατες εικόνες. Η υλοποιημένη διαδικασία δέχεται σειρές δεδομένων από δύο έμβρυα. Η μία απεικονίζει πλήρως ένα έμβρυο, το οποίο αποτελεί το έμβρυο αναφοράς και η άλλη μέρος του άλλου εμβρύου, το οποίο κα πρέπει να ευθυγραμμιστεί με το πρώτο. Η διαδικασία αποτελείται από διάφορα βήματα, τα οποία προεπεξεργάζονται τα δεδομένα, μετασχηματίζουν την εικόνα του μερικώς απεικονιζόμενου εμβρύου ώστε να αποκτήσει μια κατάλληλη αρχική θέση στον χώρο που ορίζεται από την εικόνα του ολόκληρου εμβρύου και τέλος ευθυγραμμίζουν την πρώτη εικόνα στην δεύτερη χρησιμοποιώντας ως αναφορά τη γονιδιακή έκφραση που είναι κοινή για όλα τα σημασμένα έμβρυα. Οι παράμετροι που προκύπτουν από την ευθυγράμμιση χρησιμοποιούνται για την αντιστοίχιση των άλλων σημασμένων γονιδιακών εκφράσεων, δημιουργώντας έτσι ένα τρισδιάστατο χάρτη εκφράσεων. Η υλοποίηση βασίστηκε στο Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit. Η διαδικασία δοκιμάστηκε με δεδομένα από έξι έμβρυα του ίδιου σταδίου ανάπτυξης και συγκρίθηκαν οι επιδόσεις τεσσάρων μεθόδων αντιστοίχισης. Οπτική αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων ανέδειξε τον συνδυασμό της συνάρτησης του συντελεστή συσχέτισης με τον αλγόριθμο βελτιστοποίησης gradient descent ως την πιο κατάλληλη μέθοδο για την συγκεκριμένη εφαρμογή. Τα τελικά αποτελέσματα απέδειξαν ότι η διαδικασία επιτυγχάνει τον στόχο της. Η διαδικασία που υλοποιήθηκε στην παρούσα διπλωματική είναι έτοιμη προς χρήση για την δημιουργία ενός χάρτη γονιδιακής έκφρασης του ζεβρόψαρου. Αντικείμενο μελλοντικής μελέτης αποτελεί η επικύρωση του χάρτη με ήδη γνωστές γονιδιακές αλληλεπιδράσεις και κατόπιν η χρήση του για την εύρεση νέων.

Thesis (MSc (Mathematical Sciences))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / A novel implementation exploiting modern hardware is explored and found to be a significant improvement over current methods used. A 50 times performance increase in the computation time of DRRs is achieved over the conventional ray casting approach and image registration is performed in under a minute.

The Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm has been an extremely popular method for 3D points or surface registration. Given two point sets, it simultaneously solves for correspondences and estimates the motion between these two point sets. However, by only registering two such views at a time, ICP fails to exploit the redundant information available in multiple views that have overlapping regions. In this thesis, a multiview extension of the ICP algorithm is provided that simultaneously averages the redundant information available in the views with overlapping regions. Variants of this method that carry out such simultaneous registration in a causal manner and that utilize the transitivity property of point correspondences are also provided. The improved accuracy in registration of these motion averaged approaches in comparison with the conventional ICP method is established through extensive experiments. In addition, the motion averaged approaches are compared with the existing multiview techniques of Bergevin et. al. and Benjemaa et. al. The results of the methods applied to the Happy Buddha and the Stanford Bunny datasets of 3D Stanford repository and to the Pooh and the Bunny datasets of the Ohio (MSU/WSU) Range Image database are also presented.

This master's thesis deals with domain registration and related registration systems administrators domains. The main focus is on domain registration via registrars, which is connected with an interface for the registrars registration systems. A part of the interface for the registrars is EPP communication protocol, which is in the project described in detail. Furthermore, there is an overview of freely available registration systems. After this overview, the work focuses more on the czech registration system FRED, specifically the section solving communication with the registrars. A part of is a little research conducted among the registrars aimed at their solving access to the registration system. To facilitate this approach, this work focuses on the implementation of the client library that shield programmers from the details of the communication protocol between the registrar and the registration system and provides an interface for easy implementation of client for the FRED system.

<p>Static terrestrial laser scanners have been increasingly used in three-dimensional data acquisition since it can rapidly provide accurate measurements with high resolution. Several scans from multiple viewpoints are necessary to achieve complete coverage of the surveyed objects due to occlusion and large object size. Therefore, in order to reconstruct three-dimensional models of the objects, the task of registration is required to transform several individual scans into a common reference frame. This thesis introduces three alternative approaches for the coarse registration of two adjacent scans, namely, feature-based approach, pseudo-conjugate point-based method, and closed-form solution. In the feature-based approach, linear and planar features in the overlapping area of adjacent scans are selected as registration primitives. The pseudo-conjugate point-based method utilizes non-corresponding points along common linear and planar features to estimate transformation parameters. The pseudo-conjugate point-based method is simpler than the feature-based approach since the partial derivatives are easier to compute. In the closed-form solution, a rotation matrix is first estimated by using a unit quaternion, which is a concise description of the rotation. Afterward, the translation parameters are estimated with non-corresponding points along the linear or planar features by using the pseudo-conjugate point-based method. Alternative approaches for fitting a line or plane to data with errors in three-dimensional space are investigated.</p><p><br></p><p>Experiments are conducted using simulated and real datasets to verify the effectiveness of the introduced registration procedures and feature fitting approaches. The proposed two approaches of line fitting are tested with simulated datasets. The results suggest that these two approaches can produce identical line parameters and variance-covariance matrix. The three registration approaches are tested with both simulated and real datasets. In the simulated datasets, all three registration approaches produced equivalent transformation parameters using linear or planar features. The comparison between the simulated linear and planar features shows that both features can produce equivalent registration results. In the real datasets, the three registration approaches using the linear or planar features also produced equivalent results. In addition, the results using real data indicates that the registration approaches using planar features produced better results than the approaches using linear features. The experiments show that the pseudo-conjugate point-based approach is easier to implement than the feature-based approach. The pseudo-conjugate point-based method and feature-based approach are nonlinear, so an initial guess of transformation parameters is required in these two approaches. Compared to the nonlinear approaches, the closed-form solution is linear and hence it can achieve the registration of two adjacent scans without the requirement of any initial guess for transformation parameters. Therefore, the pseudo-conjugate point-based method and closed-form solution are the preferred approaches for coarse registration using linear or planar features. In real practice, the planar features would have a better preference when compared to linear features since the linear features are derived indirectly by the intersection of neighboring planar features. To get enough lines with different orientations, planes that are far apart from each other have to be extrapolated to derive lines.</p><div><br></div>

Diploma Thesis Registration of Sales de lege ferenda Júdit Zatloukalová ABSTRACT This diploma thesis deals with the current legal regulation of electronic registration of sales in the Czech Republic, and especially with its planned amendment. At the end of 2017, the Constitutional Court had a significant impact on the legal regulation when its Decision file no. Pl. ÚS 26/16 revoked several provisions of the Act No. 112/2016 Coll. In the legislative process, as of the date of the manuscript closing, there is a government amendment to the Act concerned, which represents the legislative response of the Ministry of Finance to this Decision. The text is divided into six parts. After a general introduction to the registration of sales in the first part, there is an analysis of the Czech legislation in parts 2 to 4, first the de lege lata and then the submitted amendment in the light of the Constitutional Court's Decision on the Act. The following fifth part is devoted to the Slovak legal regulation of sales records, especially to the consequences of the recent amendment to the Act No. 289/2008 Coll., on Use of Electronic Cash Register. This amendment introduced the on-line eKasa system, which builds on many years of experience with the cash register system. In the last sixth part, the author analyses the...