Two important health issues that can develop during young adulthood are related to mental health (e.g., depression) and physical health (e.g., cardiovascular disease). A common characteristic for both of these diseases is low-grade and chronic inflammation, but inflammation is negatively associated with physical activity (PA) and physical fitness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how PA and physical fitness were associated with biomarkers for depression and cardiovascular disease. Participants included 41 undergraduates who were considered to be "physical fit" (n = 21, Males = 15) or "physically unfit" (n = 20, Males = 17). They completed a battery of physical fitness assessments (e.g., 20m shuttle run, body fat percentage, handgrip strength, push-ups, blood pressure, and waist circumference), a self-report measure for depression and stress, and wore an accelerometer for one week. Afterwards, blood was drawn to estimate CVD risk using biomarkers for metabolic syndrome (i.e., triglycerides, glucose, and HDL) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6, interleukin-1b, and tumor necrosis factor alpha). The physically fit group had more moderate and vigorous PA, lower body fat percentage and handgrip strength scores, and performed better on the VO2max, curl-up, and plank tests compared to the physically unfit group. They also had a healthier profile for CVD (i.e., smaller waist circumference, lower triglycerides and glucose concentrations, higher HDL, and lower CRP) and lower self-reported depression and stress scores compared to the physically unfit group.

Individuals with disability have different needs of accommodations because the disability can express itself in different ways. There's laws that are designed to meet the individuals with disabilities so they can live on the same terms as individuals without disabilities. What’s not regulated in the law is how an equivalent education should be achieved for individuals with disabilities in higher education. In order to meet the needs of students with disabilities, accommodations have been established. Accommodations have been established so that students with disabilities can study at the same terms as students without. The aim of this study was to examine decision-makers' experience regarding accommodations for students with disabilities and whether the forms of accommodations correspond to the students' needs, especially in the light of the ongoing pandemic Covid-19. The method used was a qualitative method where semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff in charge of accommodations throughout Sweden.  The result and analysis have found that the accommodations have been affected by the fact that education has shifted to distance education due to Covid-19. The conclusion that has been drawn is that the accommodations are unavailable regardless of whether it is regular teaching or distance teaching. A further conclusion is that the focus should be on making the teaching environment available instead of focusing on expanding the accommodations.

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-physician collaboration in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with severe insulin resistance, using 500 U/mL concentrated regular insulin (U-500) in a primary care clinic that is not staffed by an endocrinologist. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted searching for patients who were prescribed U-500 insulin from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2014. Subjects were included in the analysis if the pharmacist initiated U-500 insulin therapy, received treatment for at least 6 months, and who attended at least one follow-up visit with the pharmacist. Anyone who received U-500 insulin before the initial pharmacist consultation, managed by an endocrinologist, or who was missing follow-up hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) laboratory values during the follow-up period was excluded. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from U-500 initiation to 6 months later. Secondary endpoints included changes in weight, confirmed hypoglycemia events, changes in other anti-DM medications and the number of pharmacist and primary care physician visits during the follow-up period. Results Eighty-one patients were identified and screened, and 44 patients were included in the analysis. Baseline HbA1c (mean ± standard deviation) was 9.7% ± 1.6% and decreased to 8.6% ± 1.6% after 6 months of follow-up, representing a reduction of 1.1% (95% confidence interval -1.6 to -0.6, P < 0.001). Body weight increased (mean ± standard deviation) by 6.7 ± 15.1 lb from baseline (P = 0.005). The frequency of confirmed hypoglycemia events was low (0.8 events per patient). Treatment with metformin was preserved, whereas most other DM medications were discontinued. A similar number of pharmacist and physician follow-up visits were completed by the end of the study period (2.0 and 2.7 visits, respectively; P = 0.805). Conclusions Initiation of U-500 insulin by clinical pharmacists collaborating with primary care physicians results in improved DM control in patients with severe insulin resistance. Our findings suggest this interprofessional partnership provides an alternative referral approach for primary care physicians when endocrinology services are absent or limited.

In this thesis are shown some results of realization of refinement monoid by Grothendieck monoids of von Neumann regular ring. The most important result of this thesis, recently published by P. Ara, J. Bosa and E. Pardo, claims that every finitely generated conical refinement monoid is realizable. We construct for each such monoid a von Neumann regular algebra such that monoid is realizable by this algebra. For this construction we use adaptable separated graphs and their relation to refinement monoids. 1

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18041号 / 理博第3919号 / 新制||理||1566(附属図書館) / 30899 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 西村 進, 教授 加藤 毅, 教授 長谷川 真人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Transformers have emerged as a powerful architecture for various tasks in natural language processing, computer vision, and multi-modal domains. Despite their success, understanding the computational capabilities and limitations of transformers remains a challenge. This work focuses on relating transformers to deterministic finite automata (DFAs) and empirically investigates the architecture's ability to simulate DFAs of varying complexities. We empirically explore the simulation of DFAs by transformers, specifically focusing on the solvable A4-DFA and the non-solvable A5-DFA. We conduct experiments to evaluate the in-distribution and out-of-distribution accuracy of sub-linear depth transformers with positive results on both accounts. Additionally, we examine the impact of widening the transformer to find even shallower transformers for the  A4-DFA. While no significant improvements are observed compared to the sub-linear depth transformers, further exploration of hyperparameters is needed for more reliable results.

Many school districts are using research-based strategies to increase student achievement. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was created and implemented to assist all students becoming proficient in reading and mathematics by 2014. One strategy many school districts implemented includes an after-school program. One school district in Mississippi operated an after-school program to help increase the academic achievement of 7th and 8th grade students scoring minimal and basic on the MCT2. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regular participation in an after-school program on indicators of student academic achievement. The dependent variables for this study consisted of (a) math grade point averages, (b) reading grade point averages, (c) language arts grade point averages, (d) MCT2 math scores, (e) MCT2 language arts scores, (f) number of absences, and (g) number of discipline referrals. The independent variable for this study was program participation, which had two levels. One level was program attendance for at least 40 days and the other level was program attendance for less than 40 days. In this study, 7 hypotheses were tested by comparing the measures of the dependent variables for the two levels of the dependent variables. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the 7 hypotheses. The results of the ANCOVAs failed to detect any statistically significant differences in the dependent variables between the students who attended the after-school program for at least 40 days and students who did not attend the after-school program for 40 days. However, there were differences in the measures between the two groups. Not only did the regular attendees have lower averages in absenteeism and discipline referrals, they also had higher averages in mathematics (both GPA and MCT2), reading GPA, and language arts GPA. The only measure where the non-regular attendees demonstrated better performance was on the language arts MCT2. The recommendations for future research are as follows: implementation of adequate professional development for after-school program teachers, a research based reading program to assess student achievement, and a longitudinal study on after-school programs.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24391号 / 理博第4890号 / 新制||理||1699(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 梶野 直孝, 教授 並河 良典, 准教授 Croydon David Alexander / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Supporting the physical activity of clients with serious mental illness in Prague Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis was how social workers perceive the possibilities of supporting regular physical activity of clients with serious mental illness. The research part was carried out using a questionnaire survey conducted among social services workers focused on the care of mental illness and operating in Prague. The study involved 37 respondents, among whom there was an equal representation of those who work within multidisciplinary teams (CDZ or facilities of this type, where they are provided together with social services and health services), as well as those who work in facilities providing only social services. Through a questionnaire survey, it was found that in multidisciplinary teams, where the health services component is also represented, more attention is paid to the support of appropriate regular physical activity in these types of facilities. Keywords: serious mental illness, social work, regular physical activity