Leadership has been an important aspect in the affairs of men as far back as the beginning of the ages. It has provided the compass with which humanity found its way in times when existence needed to be maintained or change became desirable. It has shaped the way many reasons; it has shaped civilizations, industries, and institutions. But existing side by side with the concept is that of followership which we have used in this work to mean ‘employee’. Both concepts have been employed in this work within the realms of modern-day corporate business organizations. They have been highlighted and polished to reveal what makes business organizations work the way they do and to determine what room there is for improvement and how to exploit it.  While the authors acknowledge the fact that the concept of leadership has metamorphosed and developed into different styles, it does not constitute a dilution but remains pivotal in organizational efficiency and needs to be harnessed. Of concern, therefore, is how we can determine the best styles leadership has to offer and analyses the role it plays in motivating employees and spurring them to perform better within the organization they are committed to. This work is therefore centered on the effectiveness of the various styles of leadership are in influencing an employee of a given organization to do more at his job and deliver better results.

A common belief about inflation and economic growth has developed during recent years. This belief is that a “low” and stable inflation rate favors economic growth. The underlying arguments for this are that a low inflation rate create a beneficial playground for all participants. A playground which will meliorate investments and ensure a stability for consumers which in return will give a favorable environment for the economy to thrive. This paper aims to clarify this relationship between inflation and economic growth in Sweden between the period 1971-2017 and thus investigate the co-integration relation between the two variables. Additional test will be conducted to explore a potential threshold level of inflation. This threshold level is defined as the point where inflation starts to harm growth.

Esta dissertação toma como objeto o manuscrito “La traduction, la langue et l’intelligence”, de Émile Benveniste, cuja publicação, em 2016, amplia as possibilidades de pensar a tradução a partir do ponto de vista dos estudos benvenistianos. O objetivo deste trabalho, portanto, é analisar esse manuscrito, considerando-o em relação à reflexão sobre linguagem já estabelecida de Benveniste, estabelecendo, por conseguinte, uma abordagem que toma as teorizações desse linguista enquanto teoria da linguagem e que reflete sobre o lugar que a tradução ocupa dentro desse contexto e sobre as contribuições que ela fornece para tal perspectiva de pensamento, além de buscar estabelecer um outro entendimento da tradução a partir desse contexto. Para isso, o trabalho inicia com a apresentação e análise das menções teóricas e práticas que Benveniste faz à tradução em diversas situações e com a exposição de trabalhos prévios que abordam a tradução do ponto de vista da teoria benvenistiana, traçando um panorama dos modos e contextos em que o fenômeno tradutório e Benveniste se relacionam. Em seguida, estabelecem-se paralelos e distinções entre o conteúdo do manuscrito “La traduction, la langue et l’intelligence” e outras teorizações de Benveniste, especialmente aquelas apresentadas nos Problemas de linguística geral, para então arrolar e detalhar os três modos como esse teórico se refere ao fenômeno tradutório. Esses procedimentos levam, em primeiro lugar, à percepção da forte presença da tradução na reflexão de Benveniste, o que permite determinar o seu papel de operador nesse contexto, desempenhando a função de evidenciar hipóteses acerca da linguagem e, em especial, de revelar a propriedade de significância da língua. Finalmente, o contraste das perspectivas acerca da tradução permite identificar a relação entre a linguagem e a realidade extralinguística – seja através da designação ou da instância subjetiva de apropriação da língua e o estabelecimento de uma relação com o mundo daí derivada – como o elemento agregador das abordagens, o que aponta para a percepção da tradução de um outro ponto de vista, não meramente como transposição de uma língua para outra, mas como fenômeno de linguagem que demonstra a diversidade antropológica, linguística, social e cultural do mundo. / This study takes Émile Benveniste’s manuscript “La traduction, la langue et l’intelligence” as its object, since its publication in 2016 opens up more possibilities to think about translation from the point of view of studies on Benveniste. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze this manuscript, considering it in relation to what is already established of Benveniste’s reflection on language, thus instituting an approach that regards his theorizations as a theory of language and that thinks about the place that translation occupies within this context and about the contributions it provides for such a standpoint, in addition to seeking to establish another understanding regarding translation within this context. In order to do this, the research begins with the presentation and analysis of the theoretical and practical references to translation that Benveniste makes in diverse situations and with the citation of previous works that address translation from the point of view of Benveniste’s theory, offering a panorama of the modes and contexts in which it is possible to establish an association between the translation phenomenon and Benveniste. Subsequently, we establish parallels and distinctions between the content of the manuscript “La traduction, la langue et l'intelligence” and other propositions by Benveniste, especially those presented in Problems of General Linguistics, to then list and detail the three ways he refers to the translation phenomenon. These procedures lead, at first, to the perception of the strong presence of the translation in Benveniste’s reflection, which allows determining its role of operator in this context, fulfilling the function of demonstrating hypotheses about language and, in particular, of revealing the property of significance language has. Finally, by contrasting the perspectives about translation it is possible to identify the relationship between language and extra-linguistic reality—whether through designation or through the subjective instance of language appropriation and the resulting establishment of a relationship with the world—as the element that brings the approaches together, which points to the perception of translation from another point of view, not merely as the transfer from one language into another but as a language phenomenon that demonstrates the anthropological, linguistic, social, and cultural diversity of the world.

Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / This study is to conduct a detailed study of milieu in a number of Xitsonga novels in I Vutomi by Lubis CM and Xona hi Xihi? by DR Maluleke. This study also emphasizes on how the characters are depicted in rural areas and urban places. Lubisi and Maluleke are able to enlighten the community about the importance of establishing the distinct relationship between space and time. The first chapter is a general introduction that outlines and provides background of the study. Milieu as well as its manifestation in I Vutomi and Xona hi Xihi? is discussed in the second chapter. The third chapter deals with characterization. In the fourth chapter, the main theme of the novels is critically examined. The fifth chapter is a brief overview of the first four chapters. It also summarizes the findings of the research and provides recommendations.

<p>Background: Health care workers, more specifically, nursing students are at increased risk of occupational injury and exposure to blood borne pathogens. Compliance with universal precautions (UP) will minimise risk or transmission of HIV and HBV (Hepatitis B virus) according to the Department of Health of South Africa. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of universal precautions amongst nursing students and their fear of occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens. Rationale: The rationale for the study was to investigate what the students&rsquo / knowledge and practice of UP were, to see if this could be a possible contributing factor to occupational exposure. Research design: The study was a quantitative, cross sectional survey using a questionnaire that included one open ended question. Participants: The participants for the study were the undergraduate nursing students in year levels two to four (n = 253) who and were selected by means of stratified random sampling. Procedures: A questionnaire was administered to the participants by the researcher. Analysis of the data collected was done through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16.0) and content analysis. Results: The researcher established that there is indeed a lack of knowledge regarding UP and that the students&rsquo / self reported practice of UP is poor. No statistically significant correlation between knowledge and practice of UP were found. There is underreporting of occupational exposures to staff at the School of Nursing. The majority of students reported a moderate to severe fear for occupational exposures and contributing factors raised by them are reality in the clinical facilities.</p>

The study looked at how misperceptions of randomness (the gambler’s fallacy or the hot-hand fallacy) would show differences in self-serving-bias through different levels of perceived control. In order to investigate this relationship between misperceptions of randomness, self-serving bias, and perceived control, the study manipulated perceived control by varying who threw the coin (experimenter/participant) and by showing a skill prime to some participants. Thus, in the experiment, participants either saw a skill prime or not by random assignment. Afterwards, the participants predicted an outcome, rated the confidence of the prediction, then the participants would throw a coin for half of the trials while the experimenter would for the other trials. Due to little variability of the self-serving bias, the analysis could not test the hypothesis. However, the study found that other variable such as confidence was able to predict the misperception of randomness when the participants threw the coin.

Tension has been the most significant and constant factor in the relationship between North and South Korea over the past sixty years. The differences in the political systems and the economic disparity between the two countries have resulted in what was once one nation moving in two radically divergent directions. These differences have led to a state of imbalance and resulted in constant political instability that has been playing out within the boundaries of the two countries, explicitly in no-man’s land, the demilitarized zone (DMZ). As one of the world’s most heavily militarized borderline, the DMZ embodies a wide range of political and social tensions. Among these is the action-reaction relationship between the Imnam Dam of North Korea and the Peace Dam of South Korea; the Imnam Dam was built as an act of offence to flood Seoul by bombing the dam down, and the Peace Dam was built as an act of defense to prevent overflow of water into Seoul. The historical and present conditions of this relationship maximize the military limitations and the possibilities of greater exchange between the two Koreas in creating a mutually beneficial relationship. In this thesis, this relationship is realized through “faction space”, a specific space situated in a fictional reality that does not reflect on its immediate surroundings, but of its own world, a speculative fictional idea of what it could become. Four different types of borderline conditions are studied to find out how these conditions can be translated into opportunities of creating spaces not only for the military, but also for the public. Each condition focuses on a topic derived from the existing surroundings. The final faction spaces perform as architectural stimuli within the feuding landscape of the two Koreas, striving to relieve or intensify the social and political tension between each other. Conditions of these faction spaces may begin to exist in various places around the DMZ, redefining the borderscape. A time may come when the most heavily militarized zone in the world shifts its focus to become a space for reciprocity.

This study investigates which objectives in the corporate balanced scorecard (CBSC) that corporate managers in large unlisted companies focus on within corporate control. It also investigates what the explanatory factors are for the corporate managers’ focus. The CBSC was proposed to alleviate the historical financial focus of managers in control activities. This study makes a contribution by reviewing corporate managers' focus on financial and non-financial CBSC-objectives in corporate control. A multiple case study was conducted, consisting of a mutually owned and a governmentally owned company, where data was collected from semi-structured interviews, internal documents and observations. Results indicate that corporate managers from the mutually owned company primarily focused on financial and customer objectives. Corporate managers in the governmentally owned firm primarily focused on financial objectives, complemented with quality objectives. Although having a mixed influence, the perceived complexity of measures, relationship between objectives and capital market pressure promoted corporate managers’ focus. The conclusion of this study is that financial objectives are prioritised in corporate control because of the influence of the three explanatory factors.

This study is an attempt to construct a new biblical creationism as solution to the problem of the relationship between religion and science. It examines the challenge of modern evolutionism and the churches' responses against it. The modern evolutionism as the acting hypothesis of many modern scientific disciplines helps the Church to re-examine its traditional doctrine of creation. There are two Christian responses against the challenge: individually, various positions are active, such as the theistic evolutionism, the recent special creationism, and the old earth creationism; collectively, the Christian churches have not given careful consideration to the challenge. This study examines the creation account in Genesis 1 according to the Kantian epistemology of the writer's Th. M dissertation, an examination of modern eschatology. It proposes a presentist understanding of creation as the tentative alternative to the traditional creationism. It suggests that: 1) In evolution debate both creationists and evolutionists seem to assume there is an examined scientific creationism. 2) Because the traditional divine report model is unverifiable, we need to construct a scientific model. 3) The account seems to follow the ancient clay tablet format. 4) This study proposes a 'new habitat orientation week' model: the assumed observer's report of daily recognition of the wonderful world. 5) It informs us both of the responsibility for the world and of the significance of communal life. 6) It may provide a balanced foundation both for the sound relationship between science and religion and for the positive Christian worldview. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

<p>Background: Health care workers, more specifically, nursing students are at increased risk of occupational injury and exposure to blood borne pathogens. Compliance with universal precautions (UP) will minimise risk or transmission of HIV and HBV (Hepatitis B virus) according to the Department of Health of South Africa. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of universal precautions amongst nursing students and their fear of occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens. Rationale: The rationale for the study was to investigate what the students&rsquo / knowledge and practice of UP were, to see if this could be a possible contributing factor to occupational exposure. Research design: The study was a quantitative, cross sectional survey using a questionnaire that included one open ended question. Participants: The participants for the study were the undergraduate nursing students in year levels two to four (n = 253) who and were selected by means of stratified random sampling. Procedures: A questionnaire was administered to the participants by the researcher. Analysis of the data collected was done through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16.0) and content analysis. Results: The researcher established that there is indeed a lack of knowledge regarding UP and that the students&rsquo / self reported practice of UP is poor. No statistically significant correlation between knowledge and practice of UP were found. There is underreporting of occupational exposures to staff at the School of Nursing. The majority of students reported a moderate to severe fear for occupational exposures and contributing factors raised by them are reality in the clinical facilities.</p>