The new changes such as developments in transportation and communication technology, globalization of markets, intensification of flow of information, ideas and innovations since the 1980s have helped to increase the interaction between urban and rural and this process have had very important impact on the resemblance process of rural areas to urban areas with some characteristics, vice versa. Therefore the process have had an effect on the blurring strict distinction between urban and rural in worldwide. The new rurality approach has been main approach in the thesis that has tried to explain the new features of rural areas. It has focused on what has been happenning in rural areas and drawn attention to changes in rural areas which was previously ignored or overemphasized. The approach took five main changing features of rural areas as central focus which were non-farm activities, role of women, entrepreneurship, in-migration, division of labour and also urban-rural interaction. Therefore, the observed changes caused to draw attention to the question of is rural still the opposite of urban? In this respect, the effects of the increased relationships between urban and rural on rural areas in terms of getting new characteristics that new rurality approach explained were investigated by handling two case studies / Gedelek and Kus&ccedil / uali Villages in Turkey.

In july 1999, the former President Lee of R.O.C. made a response to questions submitted by the reporter of Deutsche Welle radio station from German. Lee brought up an idea that the cross-strait relationship is "as a state-to-state relationship or at least a special state-to-state relationship." Thus, the statement caused different reflection from internal and international. The statement of "a special state-to-state relationship" that represents in sovereignty and the statehood between the cross-strait relationship abandons the "one China" principle that R.C.C.insisted in the past but differs from the view of P.R.C.. Certainly, P.R.C. criticized such kind of statement that violates "one China" principle and blocks the process of the national unification.Soon, P.R.C. unilaterally declared the fundation of the exchange and the discussion not existed any more. After a series of verbally disparaged and militarily intimidated from P.R.C. and not supported from U.S.A. government, R.O.C. has obviously shrunken back in the statement of "a special state-to-state relationship".Even after the D.D.P. which was definded independential party won the president campain of 2000, the president elect Cheng didn't show out his view of suportting "a special state-to-state relationship" and amending constitution and as soon as possible that brought up before the president campain. Therefor, in the process after bringing up "a special state-to-state relationship", it show out an epitome of the sovereignty conflict between the cross-strait. In fact, the statement of sovereignty that the R.O.C government declared from 1949 had been suppressed by P.R.C.. In the international politics, it bulges out the difficult position of R.O.C.'s sovereignty. The thesis, "the sovereignty between R.O.C. and P.R.C.", investigates the sovereignty issue between the cross-strait from 1949 to 2000. It founds on an approach of international politics and international law. Though sovereignty is the issue of international law. But the thesis supposes an idea that the sovereignty issue between the cross-strait is an political issue more than a legal. The thesis would prove this view by describing the international political events and bringing up a series of international contracts, official proclamation of the sovereignty issue between the cross-strait from 1949.So, the conclusion of the thesis would bring up a point, that is the difficult position of R.O.C.'s sovereignty.

近年來，台灣許多縣市的住宅價格不斷高漲，身為政經重鎮之台北市首當其衝，於2008~2009年金融海嘯時期，政府為維持經濟發展而全面將遺產及贈與稅調降為單一稅率10% 後尤然。以產品價值而言，此波上漲很可能來自於「逢低買進，逢高賣出」之投資心理造成。由於不動產最終用途為使用，當真實需求者無力負擔時將導致房市泡沫，更因房市的經濟佔額高，進而可能引發經濟泡沫。為檢視台北市住宅價格的合理性，鑒於出租住宅需求者動機單純，本文以租價關係探討台北市住宅價格是否已有偏離實際使用需求之現象；且是否因未來的住宅價格在預期之引導下，使房價似遵循著過去價格的成長而逐步提高，有不效率之現象。實證結果顯示，台北市住宅價格與租金間已然背離，在金融海嘯過後種種非理性現象更為嚴重，導致房價有偏離其合理結構之虞，成交總價越高的住宅、偏離情況越為明顯，而存在泡沫化危機。 / In recent years, the housing market has been awash with funds. The phenomenon resulted in domestic housing prices in Taipei rising year by year, especially after the Subprime mortgage crisis. From the viewpoint of economics, the price is decided by supply and demand. However, with regard to the value of product, this rising of housing price probably comes from the artificial demand. In other words, this kind of demand is just like "buy low and sell high". In addition, real estate is a special commodity, except as an investment good, it is also a necessary consumption good. Furthermore, real estate is expense, making housing the biggest item among households’ assets. Once housing price is too high and the actual demanders cannot burden with; that is likely to trigger a market bubble, which caused the imbalance of trade market. According to the aforementioned, this study will observe whether the housing price has deviated from the fundamentals in Taipei City. Since the demand of rent is only for living, we probing into the relationship between housing price and rent in order to observe the rationality of housing price; and if the future housing price in the anticipated guided, the price seems to follow the historical trend, and the higher the housing price of an area, the more significant. The empirical results show that, the housing price seems to prevail in unreasonable investment in Taipei City, which may lead into a bubble crisis.

In recent years, bio-based polymers derived from renewable resources have become increasingly important as sustainable and eco-efficient products which can replace the products based on petrochemical-derived stocks. The objective of our work was to develop novel bio-based reactive systems suitable for high performance composite materials especially epoxy systems. The most commonly used starting monomer to formulate epoxy networks is the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA, derived from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. Bio-based epichlorohydrin is commercially available. So the challenge to obtain a fully bio-based epoxy prepolymer is to replace bisphenol A by a bio-based precursor. Another interest for replacing bisphenol A by a bio-based precursor is that bisphenol A has been known to have estrogenic properties. In this study, we studied different bio-based epoxy systems and compared them to a classical DGEBA based system using, in a first step, isophorone diamine (IPD) as conventional curing agent. Bio-based epoxy prepolymers were derived from natural sugars, sorbitol and isosorbide respectively. Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether is available commercially, while isosorbide diglycidyl ether was synthesized either via conventional epoxidation (i.e. using epichlorohydrin) or via the diallyl isosorbide intermediate. Another bio-based epoxy prepolymer was derived from cardanol and is also a commercial product. Chemical structure of the bio-based epoxy prepolymers were analyzed by different analytical methods, gelation and crosslinking reactions were studied using rheological measurements and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Properties of the cured networks were evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis. Influence of the bio-based epoxy prepolymer structure on the system properties as well as the influence of the crosslinking agent structure (either derived from renewable resources or bio-based ones) was discussed. Water absorption of the bio-based networks was also studied.

Summary The paper analyses the problems that occur in the relationship between families, which raise blind children, and medical (or other) specialists and indicates the possible directions of improving and deepening these relations. The purpose of the paper: to analyse the experience of the relationship between the families, which raise the children with visual disabilities, and medical specialists. The subject of the paper: what is the experience of the relationship between the families, raising blind children, and medical specialists in the process of helping the child. The paper tried to purify the experience of each family, to sense the meanings, which parents endow their empathies with, to ascertain what suspenses and hopes they foster. The qualitative analysis was taken for analysing the experience of the families and the specialists and the instrument for compilation the data was a qualitative interview. 7 women, raising the children with visual disabilities, participated in the research. The problems are researched in three aspects: firstly, the factors are identified, which help or disturb the families, raising the blind children, to overcome the psychological and spiritual discomfort, which is connected with the birth of the disabled child and his/her development, and which can have the influence to the health of the family members; secondly, the efforts are made to reveal the real requirements of these families, which are related to the services of medical and... [to full text]

Mokyklos aplinka yra pirmoji institucija, kurioje vaikas išmoksta atlikti pilietines pareigas, perima visuomenines vertybes, įpranta bendrauti ir bendradarbiauti su kitais žmonėmis. Siekiant, kad vyktų sėkmingas vaiko ugdimasis, ypatingai svarbu puoselėti darnius pedagogų ir ugdytinių tarpusavio santykius. Šiandien tarpusavio santykių problema mokymo įstaigose itin aktuali: atkreipiamas dėmesys į prastėjančius pedagogų ir ugdytinių tarpusavio santykius, dažnai peraugančius į konfliktus. Tyrimo objektas: Pedagogų ir ugdytinių tarpusavio santykiai. Tyrimo tikslas. Išsiaiškinti paauglių požiūrį į veiksnius, gerinančius pedagogų ir ugdytinių tarpusavio santykius. Pagrindiniu tyrimo metodu buvo pasirinkta atviro tipo anketinė apklausa, skirta paaugliams. Paauglių apklausos tyrimo tikslui realizuoti pasirinkta kokybinė tyrimo prieiga. Anketos klausimai buvo sudaryti, siekiant išsiaiškinti paauglių požiūrį į veiksnius, gerinančius pedagogų ir ugdytinių tarpusavio santykius. Anoniminės anketos buvo išdalintos 26 paaugliams: 13 anketų – dienos centrą lankantiems vaikams, kitos 13 – gimnazijos moksleiviams. Tyrime dalyvavę respondentai buvo pasirinkti atsitiktine tvarka. Duomenų rezultatai pateikiami paveiksluose ir lentelėse. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojamas content analizės anketinės apklausos metodas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad paauglių ir pedagogų tarpusavio santykius gerintų šie veiksniai: objektyvus pedagogų vertinimas (grįstas sąžiningumu, o ne asmeniniais sumetimais)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The school environment is the first institution in which the child learns to perform civic duties, takes over social values, gets accustomed to communicate and collaborate with other people. In order to run a successful child development, it is essential to foster harmonious teacher-pupil relationships. Today, the problem of the relationships in the educational institutions is particularly urgent: attention is drawn to further deterioration of teachers’ and pupils’ relationships, often growing into conflicts. Object of the study: relationships of teachers and pupils. Aim of the study. To figure out teens’ attitudes on the factors enhancing teachers’ and pupils’ relationships. As the main research method, open-ended questionnaire was chosen, designed for teenagers. To realize teen survey, qualitative research access was selected. Interview questions were made in order to determine adolescent attitudes on factors enhancing teachers’ and pupils’ relationships. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 26 adolescents: 13 questionnaires to the children attending day care centre and other 13 to gymnasium students. Respondents in the study were chosen at random. The results are presented in figures and tables. Content analysis questionnaire survey was used as the research method. The results showed that the relationship between adolescents and teachers would improve thanks to these factors: objective evaluation by the teachers (based on fairness rather than personal reasons)... [to full text]

Les plantes prélèvent des ressources dans leur environnement. Elles sont également exposées à de nombreux signaux, dont des molécules qui modifient profondément leur comportement et leur morphologie. La prédiction des flux de nutriments du sol vers la plante requiert une intégration de la régulation des flux par les signaux qui déterminent la cinétique des adaptations des plantes. Au cours de cette thèse, différentes approches expérimentales et analytiques (split-root, marquage isotopique, analyse racinaire) ont permis d’étudier le couplage signaux-flux dans les interactions entre plantes, microorganismes et vers de terre. Nous avons démontré dans un premier temps, que les vers de terre ont un effet systémique sur la croissance et le développement des plantes (Hordeum Vulgare L. et Oryza sativa L.) et que cet effet est dépendant de l’abondance des vers. Un travail méthodologique d’optimisation du dispositif split-root (séparation des racines d’une même plante entre deux compartiments) nous a permis d’améliorer la survie des plantes (Brachypodium distachyon L.) et leur émission de racines. Ce dispositif a été utilisé pour déterminer l’importance de la présence de turricules et de leur localisation spatiale sur le prélèvement d’azote par la plante. L’absence d’effet observé au cours de cette expérimentation nous a conduits à aborder les mécanismes pouvant survenir en présence de vers selon leur dimension temporelle. Nous avons ainsi démontré qu’une proportion importante de turricules entraîne une adaptation du système racinaire seulement lorsque la plante y est exposée pendant une durée suffisante. Ces résultats sont la première démonstration que la cinétique des différents mécanismes ayant lieu dans les turricules est déterminante pour expliquer l’effet positif des turricules sur la croissance des plantes / Plants take up resources in their environment. They are also exposed to many signals, including molecules that profoundly alter their behavior or morphology. The prediction of the flow of nutrients from the soil to the plant requires an integration of flux regulation by signals which determine the kinetics of plant adaptations. During this thesis, different experimental and analytical approaches (split-root, isotopic labeling, root analysis) allowed us to study the coupling between signals and flows in the interactions between plants, microorganisms and earthworms. We first demonstrated that earthworms have a systemic effect on the growth and development of plants (Hordeum Vulgare L. and Oryza sativa L.) and that this effect is dependent on the abundance of earthworms. A methodological study aiming at optimizing the split-root device (the sharing of roots of a single plant into two compartments) helped us to improve plant (Brachypodium distachyon L.) survival and their emission of roots. This experimental set up was used to determine the importance of the presence of casts and their spatial localization on the N uptake by the plant. The lack of effect observed during this experiment lead us to address the mechanisms that may occur in the presence of worms according to their temporal dynamics. We then demonstrated that an important proportion of casts was responsible for root system adaptation only when the plant was exposed to casts for a sufficient period of time. These results are the first demonstration that the kinetics of the different mechanisms occurring in casts is crucial to explain the positive effect of casts on plants growth

The master's theses focuses primarily on creating and a form of teacher's authority. It presents individual types, tries to describe what influences the authority and how easy it is to lose the authority. The master's theses also deals with teacher as a holder of authority and also deals with the issues of autority as a co-creator of discipline in the class. The goal of the practical part is to analyse the issues of authority and discipline in a class in high school. The research has two phases. The first one is a record of observation of 10 lessons taught by beggining teacher in a class that was marked as undisciplined by other teachers. The research is in the next phase completed by questionnaire survey "Evaluation of teacher by the student" (according to Holeček, 2014: p. 203, 204). Thee result of the research says that the the teacher is perceived by the students as a positive authority which makes students interested in his subject and the teacher is also perceived as a responsive person.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-12T20:05:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDSON BERNARDO DE OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2014.pdf: 20218452 bytes, checksum: c593530a3d5fc5bf24210de8f9a493e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T20:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDSON BERNARDO DE OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2014.pdf: 20218452 bytes, checksum: c593530a3d5fc5bf24210de8f9a493e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03 / Capes / No âmbito do ensino de geometria as possibilidades do uso de recursos tecnológicos no processo de ensino são imensas. Os softwares de geometria dinâmica surgem como um instrumento propício para auxiliar o professor em sua prática pedagógica e contribuir com o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos, apresentando novos meios para o entendimento de conceitos e propriedades geométricas. Além disso, cabe observar que na educação básica pública existe certa dificuldade em se ensinar todos os tópicos de geometria pelo fato de o currículo escolar ser bastante abrangente (não condizendo com o tempo dedicado à disciplina de matemática) e a parte dedicada à geometria aparecer nos últimos capítulos na maioria dos livros didáticos. Observando estes aspectos, realizamos um estudo do círculo e suas propriedades planas utilizando o software GeoGebra, oferecendo aos alunos a possibilidade de investigar problemas, levantar hipóteses e propor soluções, proporcionando a eles meios para a realização de um aprendizado significativo da matemática, tornando-os agentes do processo de construção do próprio conhecimento. Por fim, apresentamos um relato de experiência das atividades didáticas propostas aplicadas em uma turma da segunda série do ensino médio. / In the context of geometry teaching the possibility of the use of technological resources in the teaching process is immense. The dynamic geometry software emerge as an enabling tool to assist teachers in their teaching practice and contribute to students learning process,presenting new ways for understanding concepts and geometrical properties. Furthermore, it is worth noting that in the public basic education there is some difficulty in teaching all topics in geometry because the school curriculum is very comprehensive (not befitting the time devoted to the discipline of mathematics) and the part dedicated to geometry appears in the last chapters in most textbooks. Observing these aspects, we conducted a study circle and its flat properties using the software GeoGebra, offering students the opportunity to investigate problems, raise hypotheses and propose solutions, giving them the means to achieve a meaningful learning of mathematics, making them actors of the construction process of their own knowledge. Finally, we present an experience report of the educational activities implemented in a second grade class of high school.

The relationship between doctors and patients are represented by two individuals, many times, cultural and socially disconnected. The social actor acts interpreting the world that surrounds him/her according to some values, beliefs and perceptions transmitted by the reality socially constituted. Patients normally understand the illness according their daily activities, point of view and experiences. On the other hand, doctors are basing their ideas in the occidental culture, in the hegemonic biomedical model, build based on Cartesian s ideas, on mind-body dichotomy and on scientific rationality. In this meeting, many social representations are building along a clinical consultation. This research aims to understand patients perceptions about their illness, concerning the reasons why it happened, the cure expectations and their opinion about the consultation. In order to carry out this study, a qualitative methodology was used based on observations in the waiting room and interviews to collect the data. The speech acts revealed in the interviews were analyzed based on Lefrèvre & Lefrèvre ideas about the Collective Subject Discourse. The research revealed that patients obey the doctors because they believe in the moral and technical authority of the professionals. In the majority of the cases, the doctor s orientations are followed, unless they face economic obstacles or problems in the understanding of the orientations. At the same time that patients criticize the doctors attendance, they know how to recognize the legitimate and traditional medical practice. In conclusion, the study revealed that, according to the patients, the best kind of health professional is the one that supports a distant relationship during the consultation, avoid contact with the patient and utilizes a technical language to prescribe the medicine reinforcing his/her role as a social authority to the State and to society. / A relação médico-paciente se constitui num encontro de representações de dois sujeitos, muitas vezes separados cultural e socialmente. O ator social age à medida que interpreta o mundo à sua volta e essa interpretação se dá conforme a apreensão de uma realidade socialmente constituída, segundo seu sistema de valores, suas crenças e percepções. Pacientes entendem simbolicamente a doença, em função de suas atividades e seus cotidianos, de seus mundos e experiências e como a vivem a interpretam. Os médicos se baseiam em nossa cultura ocidental, no modelo biomédico hegemônico, construído sob as bases do cartesianismo, na dicotomia mente-corpo e na racionalidade científica. Essa pesquisa procurou compreender as percepções dos pacientes a respeito da sua doença, das causas de seu adoecimento, se sente-se cuidado, se acredita na cura e como o paciente viu atendidos anseios e expectativas que o levaram até a consulta. Para dar conta desse objeto utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa, sendo a entrevista semiestruturada o instrumento de coleta de dados e a observação em sala de espera um importante auxílio no entendimento do objeto. A análise das falas baseou-se no método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, de Lefrèvre & Lefrèvre, onde são extraídas as ideias-centrais e as expressões-chave das falas e constituído o Discurso Coletivo. Pode-se observar que os pacientes obedecem a seus médicos porque acreditam na autoridade técnica e moral que possuem na relação. As orientações médicas são seguidas em sua maioria, exceto quando entram em conflito com o cotidiano dos pacientes e esses não conseguem seguir as orientações por limitações econômicas ou de entendimento das orientações. Embora os usuários da unidade de saúde pesquisada teçam críticas em relação ao tipo e à forma de atendimento médico que são construídos durante a relação médico-paciente, são estes mesmos pacientes que reconhecem como legítima a prática médica tradicional . Desse modo, a definição do que representa o tipo ideal de profissional da medicina, ou seja, quem os informantes definem como sendo o bom médico, refere-se àquele profissional que se mantém distante durante a consulta, o qual utiliza uma linguagem técnica e que não estabelece uma relação de proximidade e de contato corporal com o paciente, ou seja, que representa uma autoridade social, legitimidade pelo Estado e pela própria sociedade.